{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T16:58:34Z","timestamp":1790701114382,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"38","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007195","name":"Universit? degli Studi di Napoli Federico II","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021-20-HH.0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-20-HH.0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007195","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007195","name":"Universit? degli Studi di Napoli Federico II","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F65F21000830005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F65F21000830005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007195","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021856","name":"Ministero dell'Universit? e della Ricerca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CUP B53D23008670006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CUP B53D23008670006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021856","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003981","name":"Agenzia Spaziale Italiana","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021-20-HH.0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-20-HH.0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003981","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003981","name":"Agenzia Spaziale Italiana","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F65F21000830005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F65F21000830005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003981","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Microneedle (MN)-based biosensors offer a minimally invasive and blood-free approach for real-time monitoring of clinically relevant biomarkers in interstitial fluid (ISF). Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as Tumor Necrosis Factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1) can reach higher concentrations in ISF than in serum, which makes this fluid particularly sensitive for detecting early local inflammatory responses. Here, we introduce an antibody-free MN biosensor employing a synthetic high-affinity peptide (P52) for TNF-\u03b1 recognition in ISF. The novelty of the platform lies in the stable immobilization of the P52 peptide directly on mechanically robust polymeric MNs for a scalable three-dimensional fluorescence assay. The results reported show how the limitations commonly associated with translating monoclonal antibody-based molecular recognition could be overcome using a functionalized polymeric microneedle platform. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) MNs were fabricated via micro-molding and subsequently functionalized with the P52 peptide. A simple surface-conjugation protocol was employed, which assured peptide stability, low production costs, and reliable conjugation. Comprehensive morphological, mechanical, and chemical characterizations were performed through SEM and fluorescence microscopy. Quantitative detection was achieved via a sandwich-type fluorescence assay using an FITC-labeled P52 variant, enabling evaluation of capture efficiency in simulated ISF across graded TNF-\u03b1 concentrations. The platform exhibited a linear response with a limit of detection of \u223c0.2 pM (\u223c3 pg\/mL). Peptide immobilization on MNs enhanced binding affinity, shifting the equilibrium dissociation constant from the nanomolar to the picomolar range. The P11 peptide was used as a negative control for sequence-dependent TNF-\u03b1 recognition. Mechanical testing confirmed the robustness of the functionalized MNs without structural failure. Overall, this peptide-functionalized MN platform represents a robust, sensitive, and scalable solution for point-of-care TNF-\u03b1 monitoring directly in ISF, paving the way for next-generation minimally invasive and low-cost diagnostic systems that will revolutionize the remote biomedicine solution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.6c07406","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T17:02:09Z","timestamp":1789578129000},"page":"57962-57973","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Combination of\nPolymeric Microneedles with Specific\nPeptide for TNF-\u03b1 Sensing Via Noninvasive Detection in\nInterstitial Fluid"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9620-3217","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anna","family":"Palma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Naples Federico II , , ,","place":["Naples, Italy, 80125"]},{"name":"Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent System (CNR-ISASI) , Via Campi Flegrei 34 , ,","place":["Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy, 80078"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Concetta","family":"Di Natale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Naples Federico II , , ,","place":["Naples, Italy, 80125"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7340-0951","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Daniele","family":"Tammaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Naples Federico II , , ,","place":["Naples, Italy, 80125"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Lagreca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Naples Federico II , , ,","place":["Naples, Italy, 80125"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessia","family":"Cugudda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Naples Federico II , , ,","place":["Naples, Italy, 80131"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"La Manna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Naples Federico II , , ,","place":["Naples, Italy, 80131"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Ferraro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Parma , , ,","place":["Parma, Italy, 43124"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronica","family":"Vespini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent System (CNR-ISASI) , Via Campi Flegrei 34 , ,","place":["Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy, 80078"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2631-4038","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Simonetta","family":"Grilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent System (CNR-ISASI) , Via Campi Flegrei 34 , ,","place":["Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy, 80078"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pier Luca","family":"Maffettone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Naples Federico II , , ,","place":["Naples, Italy, 80125"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2795-0079","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sara","family":"Coppola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent System (CNR-ISASI) , Via Campi Flegrei 34 , ,","place":["Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy, 80078"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"2026092911083802600_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-022-00998-9","article-title":"Opportunities and Challenges in the\nDiagnostic Utility of Dermal Interstitial Fluid","volume":"7","author":"Friedel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Biomed Eng."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026092911083802600_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.3390\/bios15050301","article-title":"Bridging Blood and\nSkin: Biomarker Profiling in Dermal Interstitial Fluid (dISF) for\nMinimally Invasive Diagnostics","volume":"15","author":"Sprunger","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biosensors"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026092911083802600_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrp.2024.101975","article-title":"Microneedle-Based\nSampling of Dermal Interstitial Fluid Using a Vacuum-Assisted Skin\nPatch","volume":"5","author":"Jiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Reports Physical Science"},{"key":"2026092911083802600_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bioeng.9.060906.151850","article-title":"Interstitial Flow\nand Its Effects in Soft Tissues","volume":"9","author":"Swartz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Annu. Rev.\nBiomed. Eng."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026092911083802600_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0121578","article-title":"Microneedle Arrays Integrated with\nMicrofluidic Systems: Emerging Applications and Fluid Flow Modeling","volume":"17","author":"Ahmadpour","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomicrofluidics"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026092911083802600_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2100617","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202100617","article-title":"Interstitial Fluid\nBehavior and Diseases","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Advanced Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026092911083802600_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2401782","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202401782","article-title":"Hydrogel-Forming\nMicroneedles and\nApplications in Interstitial Fluid Diagnostic Devices","volume":"14","author":"Aroche","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Healthcare Mater."},{"issue":"47","key":"2026092911083802600_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10591","DOI":"10.1039\/D1SM01212F","article-title":"Recent Advances in Blood Rheology: A Review","volume":"17","author":"Beris","year":"2021","journal-title":"Soft Matter"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026092911083802600_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202503096","article-title":"Body Biofluids\nfor Minimally-Invasive\nDiagnostics: Insights, Challenges, Emerging Technologies, and Clinical\nPotential","volume":"15","author":"Rao","year":"2026","journal-title":"Adv. Healthcare Mater."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026092911083802600_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1038\/s43246-024-00468-6","article-title":"Interstitial Fluid-Based\nWearable Biosensors for Minimally\nInvasive Healthcare and Biomedical Applications","volume":"5","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Commun. Mater."},{"key":"2026092911083802600_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.597632","article-title":"Inflammatory Markers\nin Suction Blister Fluid: A Comparative Study Between Interstitial\nFluid and Plasma","volume":"11","author":"Sjo\u0308bom","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"21","key":"2026092911083802600_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaed1895","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aed1895","article-title":"Continuous Monitoring of Blood\u2013Interstitial\nFluid Intercompartmental Molecular Kinetics in Freely Moving Animals","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2026","journal-title":"Science Advances"},{"key":"2026092911083802600_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1002\/admi.202201763","article-title":"Sampling Dermal Interstitial Fluid Using Microneedles:\nA Review of Recent Developments in Sampling Methods and Microneedle-Based\nBiosensors. Advanced Materials","volume":"10","author":"Saifullah","year":"2023","journal-title":"Interfaces"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026092911083802600_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s44258-024-00028-0","article-title":"Microneedle Sensors for Dermal Interstitial\nFluid Analysis","volume":"2","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med-X"},{"issue":"49","key":"2026092911083802600_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56760","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.3c12740","article-title":"Wearable Sensor\nPatch with Hydrogel Microneedles for In Situ Analysis of Interstitial\nFluid","volume":"15","author":"Dai","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"2026092911083802600_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2024.133987","article-title":"Rapid Detection of Antibodies in\nSkin Interstitial Fluid via Fluorescent Testing Using Antigen-Modified\nPorous Microneedles","volume":"693","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Colloids Surf., A"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026092911083802600_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1038\/s41378-025-01103-1","article-title":"Controllable-Pore Porous\nMicroneedles for High-Speed Extraction and Biomarker Detection of\nInterstitial Fluid","volume":"11","author":"Qin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microsyst Nanoeng"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026092911083802600_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s40204-020-00139-y","article-title":"Recent Advances\nin the Formulation of PLGA Microparticles\nfor Controlled Drug Delivery","volume":"9","author":"Lagreca","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prog. Biomater"},{"key":"2026092911083802600_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2025.129198","article-title":"Colorimetric Sensing\nfor Transdermal Phospho-Tau 181 Detection Mediated by Wearable Microneedle\nFunctionalized with Gold Nanoparticle (MN-AuNP)","volume":"300","author":"Palma","year":"2026","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026092911083802600_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics18030326","article-title":"Next-Generation Minimally Invasive Anti-Aging Therapy:\nIncorporation of Resveratrol-Nicotinamide Cerosomes into PLGA Microneedles\nfor Enhanced Skin Permeation","volume":"18","author":"Elhabal","year":"2026","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026092911083802600_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40486-022-00165-4","article-title":"3D Printing\nFabrication Process for\nFine Control of Microneedle Shape","volume":"11","author":"Jeong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Micro and\nNano Syst. Lett."},{"issue":"23","key":"2026092911083802600_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3515","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201303679","article-title":"Electro-Drawn\nDrug-Loaded\nBiodegradable Polymer Microneedles as a Viable Route to Hypodermic\nInjection","volume":"24","author":"Vecchione","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026092911083802600_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/1252960","article-title":"Layered 3D Printing\nby Tethered Pyro-Electrospinning","volume":"2020","author":"Coppola","year":"2020","journal-title":"Advances in\nPolymer Technology"},{"issue":"15","key":"2026092911083802600_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19453","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.4c00215","article-title":"Drop-on-Demand Pyro-Electrohydrodynamic\nPrinting of Nematic Liquid Crystal Microlenses","volume":"16","author":"Coppola","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"2026092911083802600_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmt.2024.102482","article-title":"Low-Cost\nFabrication of Digital Light Processing 3D Printed Conical Microneedles\nfor Biomedical Applications","volume":"41","author":"Lijnse","year":"2024","journal-title":"Applied Materials\nToday"},{"key":"2026092911083802600_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matlet.2022.133328","article-title":"Development\nof Dissolvable Microneedle Patches by CNC Machining and Micromolding\nfor Drug Delivery","volume":"330","author":"Malek-Khatabi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Materials Letters"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026092911083802600_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2261987","DOI":"10.1155\/ijps\/2261987","article-title":"Micromolding-Based Fabrication of Dissolvable Microneedles: An Economical\nand Scalable Approach for Transdermal Drug Delivery","volume":"2025","author":"Erenog\u0306lu Sar\u0131","year":"2025","journal-title":"International Journal of Polymer Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026092911083802600_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s10544-024-00694-2","article-title":"Microneedle\nPatch-Based Enzyme-Linked\nImmunosorbent Assay to Quantify Protein Biomarkers of Tuberculosis","volume":"26","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomed Microdevices"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026092911083802600_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.3c02279","article-title":"Microneedle\nAssays for Continuous Health Monitoring: Challenges and Solutions","volume":"9","author":"Poudineh","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"key":"2026092911083802600_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113496","article-title":"Electrochemical Immunosensor for Breast Cancer Biomarker\nDetection Using High-Density Silicon Microneedle Array","volume":"192","author":"Dervisevic","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"2026092911083802600_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115408","article-title":"Microneedle Electrochemical\nAptamer-Based\nSensing: Real-Time Small Molecule Measurements Using Sensor-Embedded,\nCommercially-Available Stainless Steel Microneedles","volume":"236","author":"Downs","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"2026092911083802600_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115802","article-title":"3D-Printed,\nAptamer-Based Microneedle Sensor Arrays Using Magnetic Placement on\nLive Rats for Pharmacokinetic Measurements in Interstitial Fluid","volume":"244","author":"Reynoso","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"2026092911083802600_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2024.115710","article-title":"Design of a Microneedle-Based\nEnzyme Biosensor Using a Simple and Cost-Effective Electrochemical\nStrategy to Monitor Superoxide Anion Released from Cancer Cells","volume":"697","author":"Zouleh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Analytical Biochemistry"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026092911083802600_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-025-01477-7","article-title":"Continuous\nInsulin Monitoring Using an Antibody-Protecting Zwitterionic Microneedle\nPatch","volume":"10","author":"GhavamiNejad","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat. Biomed. Eng."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026092911083802600_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1007\/s42242-024-00301-6","article-title":"Electrochemical\nBiosensors for Point-of-Care\nTesting","volume":"7","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bio-des. Manuf."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026092911083802600_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.5c03955","article-title":"Enhancing Selectivity in Affinity Biosensors through Biorecognition-Driven\nSuppression of Nonspecific Binding","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2026","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026092911083802600_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2025.07.003","article-title":"Challenges in Realizing\nTherapeutic Antibody Biosensing","volume":"44","author":"Nagata","year":"2026","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol."},{"key":"2026092911083802600_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nxmate.2026.101739","article-title":"A Review on Selective and Sensitive Application of\nBiosensors in the Healthcare Sector","volume":"11","author":"Saikat","year":"2026","journal-title":"Next Materials"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026092911083802600_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s44371-025-00094-2","article-title":"Aptamers and\nAntibodies in Optical Biosensing","volume":"2","author":"Mpofu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Discovery\nChem."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026092911083802600_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2714","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19092714","article-title":"Peptides as\nTherapeutic Agents for Inflammatory-Related Diseases","volume":"19","author":"La Manna","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026092911083802600_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.bioconjchem.1c00146","article-title":"Easy Surface\nFunctionalization and Bioconjugation of Peptides as Capture Agents\nof a Microfluidic Biosensing Platform for Multiplex Assay in Serum","volume":"32","author":"Di Natale","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioconjugate Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026092911083802600_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01868-3","article-title":"Targeting\nCytokine and Chemokine Signaling Pathways for Cancer Therapy","volume":"9","author":"Yi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sig Transduct Target Ther"},{"issue":"18","key":"2026092911083802600_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8921","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26188921","article-title":"Comprehensive Profiling\nof Cytokines and Growth Factors: Pathogenic Roles and Clinical Applications\nin Autoimmune Diseases","volume":"26","author":"Donniacuo","year":"2025","journal-title":"International Journal\nof Molecular Sciences"},{"key":"2026092911083802600_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2026.140282","article-title":"Rapid and Accessible Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Detection Using\nDigital Nanoparticle Sensors towards Point-of-Care Cytokine Monitoring","volume":"466","author":"Mohammadi","year":"2026","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, B"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026092911083802600_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.5194\/jsss-13-245-2024","article-title":"A Portable\nBiosensor for Simultaneous\nDiagnosis of TNF-\u03b1 and IL-1\u03b2 in Saliva Biomarkers Using Twin Electronic Devices","volume":"13","author":"Monajjemi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026092911083802600_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e19469","article-title":"Repurposing\nFc Gamma Receptor I (Fc\u03b3RI,\nCD64) for Site-Oriented Monoclonal Antibody Capture: A Proof-of-Concept\nStudy for Real-Time Detection of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF\n-\u03b1)","volume":"9","author":"C\u0327apk\u0131n","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"2026092911083802600_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2018.07.055","article-title":"Effects of Redox\nLabel Location on the Performance\nof an Electrochemical Aptamer-Based Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Sensor","volume":"189","author":"Mayer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"issue":"21","key":"2026092911083802600_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3736","DOI":"10.3390\/nano12213736","article-title":"Nano- and Microsensors for In Vivo\nReal-Time Electrochemical\nAnalysis: Present and Future Perspectives","volume":"12","author":"Vaneev","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026092911083802600_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1021\/sc500106y","article-title":"Impedance Biosensors:\nApplications to Sustainability and Remaining Technical Challenges","volume":"2","author":"Radhakrishnan","year":"2014","journal-title":"ACS Sustain Chem. 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