{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T15:58:32Z","timestamp":1791302312949,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"39","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Secretariat of Innovation, Science, and Technology of the State of Rio Grande do Sul","award":["34\/2023 FPE 3704\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["34\/2023 FPE 3704\/2023"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) is traditionally based on low-pressure mercury lamps emitting at 254 nm, whereas UV\u2013C light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have emerged as promising mercury-free alternatives. However, direct comparisons between these technologies are frequently confounded by differences in irradiance, exposure geometry, and accumulated UV\u2013C dose, making it difficult to isolate wavelength-dependent effects from dosimetric bias. In this study, two closed irradiation chambers equipped with a low-pressure Hg lamp (254 nm) and an InGaN UV\u2013C LED array (280 nm) were comprehensively evaluated in terms of emission spectrum, temporal irradiance stability, and spatial dose distribution. Radiometric measurements established matched irradiation conditions corresponding to source-to-sample distances of 41.0 cm for the Hg lamp and 5.5 cm for the LED system. For microbiological testing, both sources were operated for 270 s to reach stable irradiance, while the plates remained shielded from UV\u2013C until the timed exposure began. Under matched accumulated UV\u2013C doses, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 exhibited comparable microbial inactivation kinetics. A single-exponential decay model with a residual offset yielded similar model-estimated characteristic doses (D90, D99, and D99.9), while the survivor curves agreed in order of magnitude with historical and contemporary susceptibility data. Pairwise comparisons identified a statistically significant difference at only one exposure condition, whereas ANCOVA did not detect a statistically significant dose \u00d7 technology interaction. These findings demonstrate that, when rigorous radiometric equivalence is established, the apparent performance differences between 254 and 280 nm become substantially smaller than generally inferred from nominal wavelength alone.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.6c07484","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T19:01:23Z","timestamp":1789758083000},"page":"60073-60083","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Radiometrically\nEquivalent Comparison of 254 nm Low-Pressure\nMercury Lamps and InGaN 280 nm UV\u2013C LEDs for Surface Disinfection"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Janaise Mesquita Bueno","family":"Furtado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel) , , , ,","place":["Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 96010-900"]},{"name":"Catholic University of Pelotas (UCPel) , , , ,","place":["Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 96015-560"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9884-6626","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Everton","family":"Granemann Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Catholic University of Pelotas (UCPel) , , , ,","place":["Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 96015-560"]},{"name":"Catholic University of Pelotas (UCPel) , , , ,","place":["Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 96015-560"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara das Dores do","family":"Nascimento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel) , , , ,","place":["Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 96010-610"]},{"name":"Federal Institute Sul-rio-grandense (IFSul) , , , ,","place":["Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 96060-290"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina Bacchieri","family":"Falca\u0303o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel) , , , ,","place":["Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 96010-610"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcel Luiz","family":"Basso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Catholic University of Pelotas (UCPel) , , , ,","place":["Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 96015-560"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0588-3717","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mario Lucio","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel) , , , ,","place":["Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 96010-900"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026100610461997300_cit1","volume-title":"The Ultraviolet Disinfection\nHandbook","author":"Bolton","year":"2011"},{"key":"2026100610461997300_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/php.70065","article-title":"Characterization and\nParameters for the Effectiveness of a UV-C Device for Infection Control\nin Dental Clinics","volume":"102","author":"Hall","year":"2026","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"2026100610461997300_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1109\/TLA.2025.11045646","article-title":"Dosimetry Strategies for Non-Autonomous UV-C Robots","volume":"23","author":"Siqueira Gambeta\u0301-Leite","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Latin Am., Trans."},{"key":"2026100610461997300_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.robot.2022.104332","article-title":"UV Disinfection\nRobots: A Review","volume":"161","author":"Mehta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rob. Auton. Syst."},{"key":"2026100610461997300_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gambeta\u0301-Leite, M. R. S.; Real, R. A.; do Nascimento, C. d. D.; Souza, E. G.\n          Strategies\nfor Acquiring Dosimetry of a Non-Autonomous UV-C Light Disinfection\nRobot at 254 nm, 2024 IEEE URUCON, Montevideo,\nUruguay, 2024; pp 1\u20135.","DOI":"10.1109\/URUCON63440.2024.10850435"},{"key":"2026100610461997300_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app16041877","article-title":"UV Radiation: Applications on Surfaces\nin the Food\nIndustry.","volume":"16","author":"Maioto","year":"2026","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"key":"2026100610461997300_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/app.71035","article-title":"Ultraviolet Resistant\nBiopolymeric Formulations for Sustainable Food Packaging Applications:\nUV Blocking Materials, Mechanism, Fabrication Techniques, Safety Regulations,\nand Future Perspectives","volume":"143","author":"Kumar","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Appl. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"2026100610461997300_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0241734","article-title":"UV decontamination of\npersonal protective equipment with idle laboratory biosafety cabinets\nduring the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"16","author":"Weaver","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026100610461997300_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-025-01669-5","article-title":"Is UV-C Light Disinfection Suitable as a Disinfection Method for\nMedical Devices: A Scoping Review","volume":"15","author":"Halmans","year":"2026","journal-title":"Antimicrob.\nResist. Infect. 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Electron. Mater."},{"key":"2026100610461997300_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/mi14040844","article-title":"Research Progress\nof AlGaN-Based Deep Ultraviolet Light-Emitting Diodes","volume":"14","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Micromachines"},{"key":"2026100610461997300_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1021\/es403850b","article-title":"Wavelength\nDependent UV Inactivation and DNA Damage\nof Adenovirus as Measured by Cell Culture Infectivity and Long Range\nQuantitative PCR","volume":"48","author":"Beck","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026100610461997300_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-22969-5","article-title":"Photobiochemical Mechanisms of Biomolecules\nRelevant to Germicidal Ultraviolet Irradiation at 222 and 254 nm","volume":"12","author":"Naito","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. 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Physiol."},{"key":"2026100610461997300_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-34633-7","article-title":"Improved disinfection\nperformance for 280 nm LEDs over\n254 nm low-pressure UV lamps in community wastewater","volume":"13","author":"MacIsaac","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2026100610461997300_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1139\/cjm-2015-0243","article-title":"Ultraviolet\nGermicidal Irradiation Susceptibility of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus\naureus Compared with Methicillin-Susceptible S. aureus","volume":"61","author":"Green","year":"2015","journal-title":"Can. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"2026100610461997300_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.37.4.447-460.1939","article-title":"The Lethal\nAction of Short Ultraviolet Rays on Several Common Pathogenic Bacteria","volume":"37","author":"Sharp","year":"1939","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."}],"container-title":["ACS Omega"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsomega.6c07484","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/11\/39\/60073\/68558671\/acsomega.6c07484.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/11\/39\/60073\/68558671\/acsomega.6c07484.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T15:30:56Z","timestamp":1791300656000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article\/11\/39\/60073\/5432953\/Radiometrically-Equivalent-Comparison-of-254-nm"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"39","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.6c07484","relation":{},"ISSN":["2470-1343"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2470-1343","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]}}}