{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T15:57:29Z","timestamp":1791302249375,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"39","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017710","name":"Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024R19A80D22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024R19A80D22"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>As a widely used herbal medicine, the quality of Atractylodis macrocephalae Rhizoma (AMR) is significantly influenced by cultivation practices. However, systematic evaluations comparing the quality of AMR derived from different supply chain sources remain insufficient. This two-year study, conducted in the Daodi region of Pan\u2019an County, Zhejiang Province, comprehensively evaluated AMR samples from five standardized planting bases and five open market retail markets. Assessment parameters included basic quality indicators (moisture, total ash, and extractives), characteristic components (atractylenolides I, II, and III, atractylodin, and atractylon), and safety indicators (pesticide residues). The results showed that moisture (6.70%\u201314.94%) and total ash (3.19%\u20134.74%) levels in all samples met the requirements of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 edition). The extractives content ranged from 27.85% to 53.49%, with four retail batches falling below the pharmacopoeial threshold (35.0%). Comprehensive evaluation using violin plots and radar charts revealed that samples from standardized planting bases were generally superior to market samples in characteristic component contents. In terms of safety, pesticide residue levels in standardized base samples were significantly lower than those in retail market samples. These findings demonstrate that the standardized cultivation not only ensures the intrinsic quality of AMR but also reduces safety risks related to pesticide residues. This work provides a scientific basis for strengthening AMR quality control and promoting standardized farming practices, thereby supporting clinical safety and high-quality development of the traditional Chinese medicine industry. Future cost-effectiveness analyses are warranted to comprehensively evaluate the economic viability of standardized cultivation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.6c07599","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T10:01:46Z","timestamp":1790157706000},"page":"60211-60222","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comprehensive Quality\nAssessment of Atractylodis macrocephalae\nRhizoma Between Standardized Bases and Retail Market Samples in Pan\u2019an\nCounty"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Yuhong","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310021"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd. , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310023"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310021"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiran","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310021"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoguang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310021"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiaoyan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310021"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2609-3856","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Caixia","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310021"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026100610464226900_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-43199-9_32","article-title":"Value of Herbal\nMedicine to Sustainable Development","volume-title":"Herbal\nMedicine Phytochemistry: Applications and Trends","author":"Fayiah","year":"2024"},{"key":"2026100610464226900_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-43199-9_49","article-title":"Towards sustainability\nin the source of raw materials for herbal remedies","volume-title":"Herbal medicine phytochemistry: Applications and trends","author":"Popoola","year":"2024"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026100610464226900_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272-021-01342-6","article-title":"Atractylenolides\n(I, II, and III): a review of their pharmacology\nand pharmacokinetics","volume":"44","author":"Deng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch. Pharmacal Res."},{"key":"2026100610464226900_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.10.059","article-title":"Atractylodes\nmacrocephala koidz stimulates intestinal epithelial cell migration\nthrough a polyamine dependent mechanism","volume":"159","author":"Song","year":"2015","journal-title":"J.\nEthnopharmacol."},{"key":"2026100610464226900_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114183","article-title":"The anti-inflammatory\neffects of an ethanolic extract of the rhizome of Atractylodes lancea\ninvolves Akt\/NF-\u03baB signaling pathway inhibition","volume":"277","author":"Hossen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"2026100610464226900_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.113699","article-title":"The antitumor properties of atractylenolides:\nMolecular\nmechanisms and signaling pathways","volume":"155","author":"Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"2026100610464226900_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727154","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.727154","article-title":"A review\nof the ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, application,\nquality control, processing, toxicology, and pharmacokinetics of the\ndried rhizome of Atractylodes macrocephala","volume":"12","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"2026100610464226900_cit8","first-page":"116","article-title":"Summary\nof pharmacological effects\nof atractylodes macrocephala and its active ingredients","volume":"46","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Chin. Med. Pharmacol."},{"key":"2026100610464226900_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"952061","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.952061","article-title":"The chemistry and\nefficacy benefits of polysaccharides from Atractylodes macrocephala\nKoidz","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"22","key":"2026100610464226900_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.8519","article-title":"Geographic authentication\nof the traditional Chinese medicine Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz.\n(Baizhu) using stable isotope and multielement analyses","volume":"33","author":"Hu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom."},{"key":"2026100610464226900_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116350","article-title":"Geographic transplantation promotes the growth of Atractylodes\nmacrocephala by restructuring the rhizosphere microbial community","volume":"29","author":"Ping","year":"2026","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"2026100610464226900_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19889","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-96810-0","article-title":"Fungal\ndiversity and network analysis in rhizosphere soil of Atractylodes\nmacrocephala across different cultivation regions","volume":"15","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2026100610464226900_cit13","unstructured":"General Administration of Customs of the People\u2019s Republic of China.\n          .  Export Statistics of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (AMR), January\n2023\u2013December 2025 [dataset]. Customs Statistics Online Query\nPlatform, 2026. Available online: http:\/\/stats.customs.gov.cn\/ (accessed 5 Apr, 2026)."},{"key":"2026100610464226900_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2022.114899","article-title":"Quality evaluation\nof Atractylodis\nmacrocephalae rhizoma through fingerprint qualitative analysis and\nquantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker","volume":"219","author":"Zhan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"issue":"21","key":"2026100610464226900_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4991","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29214991","article-title":"Geographical\norigin traceability of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma based on\nchemical composition, chromaticity, and electronic nose","volume":"29","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"2026100610464226900_cit16","volume-title":"The Pharmacopoeia\nof the People\u2019s\nRepublic of China","author":"Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission.","year":"2020"},{"issue":"25","key":"2026100610464226900_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14165","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.3c08188","article-title":"Atractylenolide\nI alleviates indomethacin-induced gastric\nulcers in rats by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation","volume":"72","author":"Yuan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026100610464226900_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29050939","article-title":"Atractylenolide\nII\nsuppresses glycolysis and induces apoptosis by blocking the padi3-erk\nsignaling pathway in endometrial cancer cells","volume":"29","author":"Tian","year":"2024","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026100610464226900_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2353","DOI":"10.1159\/000484387","article-title":"Activation of ERK\nand mutual regulation of Stat3 and\nSP1 contribute to inhibition of PDK1 expression by atractylenolide-1\nin human lung cancer cells","volume":"43","author":"Xiao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell. Physiol. Biochem."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026100610464226900_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.3390\/foods13071123","article-title":"Residue degradation\nand risk assessment of difenoconazole and its metabolite during tea\ngrowing, processing and brewing by ultra-performance liquid chromatography\u2013tandem\nmass spectrometry determination","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Foods"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026100610464226900_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.8045","article-title":"Atractylenolide\nI improves behaviors in mice with depression-like phenotype by modulating\nneurotransmitter balance via 5-HT2A","volume":"38","author":"Pei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phytother.\nRes."},{"key":"2026100610464226900_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0","DOI":"10.48130\/mpb-2023-0005","article-title":"Current progress\nof Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz.: A review of its biogeography,\nPAO-ZHI processing, biological activities, biosynthesis pathways,\nand technology applications","volume":"2","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Med. Plant Biol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026100610464226900_cit23","first-page":"301","article-title":"Kinetics and mechanism\nstudies on oxidizing reaction of atractylon in essential oil from\nAtractylodes Macrocephala Koidz","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chin. J. Appl.\nChem."},{"key":"2026100610464226900_cit24","unstructured":"Song, H. P.\n          \n          Studies on\nthe effects of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. on polyamine-mediated\ncalcium channels signaling pathway during intestinal epithelial cell\nmigration. Ph.D. Dissertation, Guangzhou\nUniversity of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou,\nChina, 2014. (in Chinese)."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026100610464226900_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3987","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28103987","article-title":"Chemical constitution, pharmacological\neffects and the underlying mechanism of atractylenolides: A review","volume":"28","author":"Xie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"13","key":"2026100610464226900_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15134","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.3c09444","article-title":"2 year Wencheng\nwaxy yam pesticide residue investigation\nand quality evaluation","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"2026100610464226900_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2025.116813","article-title":"Impact of ultralow\noxygen preservation\non the quality of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma evaluated by\nmulti-chromatographic determination of small molecules and polysaccharides","volume":"260","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"2026100610464226900_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2025.122127","article-title":"Enhanced carbon\nbackbone supply via the mevalonate\npathway confers sesquiterpene accumulation in Atractylodes macrocephala\nrhizomes under low temperature","volume":"236","author":"Zheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"2026100610464226900_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jplph.2018.08.006","article-title":"Identification of autotoxic\ncompounds\nfrom Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz and preliminary investigations\nof their influences on immune system","volume":"230","author":"Zheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Plant\nPhysiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026100610464226900_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1724","DOI":"10.1186\/s12870-025-07776-0","article-title":"Rhizospheric\nand endophytic bacterial\ncommunity response to continuous Atractylodes macrocephala cultivation","volume":"25","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Plant Biol."},{"key":"2026100610464226900_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.8905","article-title":"Diversity\nof rhizosphere\nand endophytic fungi in Atractylodes macrocephala during continuous\ncropping","volume":"8","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"2026100610464226900_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsoil.2019.07.020","article-title":"Soil microbial carbon metabolism\nreveals a disease suppression pattern in continuous ginger monocropping\nfields","volume":"144","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Soil Ecol."},{"key":"2026100610464226900_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143751","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2024.143751","article-title":"Recent\nadvances in the toxicological effects of difenoconazole: A focus on\ntoxic mechanisms in fish and mammals","volume":"368","author":"Dong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026100610464226900_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.18081","article-title":"Atractylodes\nmacrocephala III suppresses EMT in cervical cancer by regulating IGF2BP3\nthrough ETV5","volume":"28","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. 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Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026100610464226900_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s13313-018-0565-9","article-title":"Evaluation\nof fungicide efficacy against Neofusicoccum species causing dieback\ndisease of blueberries in New Zealand, Australas","volume":"48","author":"Tennakoon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plant Pathol."},{"key":"2026100610464226900_cit42","unstructured":"Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People\u2019s Republic of China.\n          .  National Food Safety Standard \u2013 Maximum residue\nlimits for pesticides in food (GB 2763-2026). Standards Press of China, Beijing,\nChina, 2026. Available online: http:\/\/2763.foodmate.net\/ (accessed\nApr 12, 2026)."},{"issue":"41","key":"2026100610464226900_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21384","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.4c01972","article-title":"Functionalization of Ti3C2 MXene\nwith diethylenetriamine for a column-based solid-phase\nextraction of heavy metals","volume":"40","author":"Rabiee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"2026100610464226900_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14874","DOI":"10.1039\/D6NR01211F","article-title":"Engineered\nMXenes as analytical tools\nfor the health risk assessment of heavy metals","volume":"18","author":"Bagheri","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"issue":"51","key":"2026100610464226900_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13033","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1804934115","article-title":"Fipronil\npesticide as a suspect in historical mass mortalities of honey bees","volume":"115","author":"Holder","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. 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Saf."},{"key":"2026100610464226900_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2020.09.032","article-title":"Effects of foliar selenium application\non growth and\nrhizospheric soil micro-ecological environment of Atractylodes macrocephala\nKoidz","volume":"137","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Bot."},{"issue":"50","key":"2026100610464226900_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49293","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.4c06417","article-title":"Quality\nand safety in asparagus cultivation: a three-year case study comparing\nstandardized agricultural bases and small-scale farmers","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Omega"}],"container-title":["ACS Omega"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsomega.6c07599","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/11\/39\/60211\/68613850\/acsomega.6c07599.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/11\/39\/60211\/68613850\/acsomega.6c07599.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T15:23:26Z","timestamp":1791300206000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article\/11\/39\/60211\/5436192\/Comprehensive-Quality-Assessment-of-Atractylodis"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"39","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.6c07599","relation":{},"ISSN":["2470-1343"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2470-1343","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]}}}