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Measurements were performed by square-wave voltammetry (SWV) under optimized conditions, enabling rapid and resolved detection of phytohormones. The method exhibited linear responses for both analytes, with correlation coefficients (r) of 0.999. Limits of detection (LOD) were 0.446 \u03bcM for IAA and 0.335 \u03bcM for SA. Good precision was obtained, with RSD values for both intraday and interday analyses not exceeding 4.70%. The applicability of the method was evaluated in real plant samples, including roots and leaves of soybean and maize, as well as roots, leaves, and green fruits of strawberry. For IAA, mean recoveries for the three extracts ranged from 96.82% to 101.37%, with RSD values between 2.74% and 5.27%. For SA, recoveries ranged from 98.13% to 102.98%, with RSD values between 1.92% and 4.01%. The absence of a statistically significant difference between added and found concentrations confirmed the accuracy and reliability of the proposed method. Owing to its simple fabrication, rapid SWV response, low operational cost, and use of environmentally friendly materials, the proposed 3D-CB\/HEC\u2013CH platform represents an alternative for efficient monitoring of IAA and SA in agricultural matrices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.6c07701","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T04:02:24Z","timestamp":1790049744000},"page":"60147-60159","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hydroxyethylcellulose-\nand Chitosan-Modified 3D-Printed\nCarbon Electrodes for Indole-3-Acetic Acid and Salicylic Acid Determination"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4346-6519","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pablo H. S.","family":"Martins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Federal Goiano , Campus Rio Verde - Rod. Sul Goiana Km 01, Zona Rural , , ,","place":["Rio Verde, Goia\u0301s, Brazil, 75901-970"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0620-2864","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hugo L. S. L.","family":"Lea\u0303o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Federal Goiano , Campus Rio Verde - Rod. Sul Goiana Km 01, Zona Rural , , ,","place":["Rio Verde, Goia\u0301s, Brazil, 75901-970"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Polyana F.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Federal Goiano , Campus Rio Verde - Rod. Sul Goiana Km 01, Zona Rural , , ,","place":["Rio Verde, Goia\u0301s, Brazil, 75901-970"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026100610463948500_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3115","DOI":"10.1039\/C9RA09951D","article-title":"A multifunctional ratiometric electrochemical sensor\nfor combined determination of indole-3-acetic acid and salicylic acid","volume":"10","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"2026100610463948500_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3250","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11203250","article-title":"Melatonin and indole-3-acetic acid\nsynergistically regulate plant growth and stress resistance","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"2026100610463948500_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ppl.13714","article-title":"Auxin response\nfactors in plant adaptation to drought and salinity stress","volume":"174","author":"Verma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Physiol. Plant"},{"key":"2026100610463948500_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7000","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erad325","article-title":"C.Auxin and abiotic\nstress responses","volume":"74","author":"Jing","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot"},{"key":"2026100610463948500_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plantsci.2022.111371","article-title":"Auxin facilitates\ncell wall phosphorus reutilization in a nitric oxide-ethylene dependent\nmanner in phosphorus deficient rice (Oryza sativa L.)","volume":"322","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plant Sci."},{"key":"2026100610463948500_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1887","DOI":"10.1007\/s00344-022-10692-4","article-title":"Salicylic\nacid: A versatile signaling\nmolecule in plants","volume":"41","author":"Khan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Plant Growth Regul"},{"key":"2026100610463948500_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7721","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-022-04303-0","article-title":"Disposable stainless\nsteel working electrodes for sensitive and simultaneous detection\nof indole-3-acetic acid and salicylic acid in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves under biotic stresses","volume":"414","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"2026100610463948500_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2020.09.050","article-title":"Simultaneous determination\nof multiple phytohormones in tomato by ionic liquid-functionalized\ncarbon fibers-based solid-phase microextraction coupled with liquid\nchromatography-mass spectrometry","volume":"1137","author":"Jon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anal. 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Polym. J."},{"key":"2026100610463948500_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3539","DOI":"10.3390\/polym15173539","article-title":"Chitosan-based electrochemical\nsensors for pharmaceuticals\nand clinical applications","volume":"15","author":"Bounegru","year":"2023","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"key":"2026100610463948500_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.012","article-title":"Recent development\nin chitosan-based electrochemical sensors and its sensing application","volume":"164","author":"Annu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"2026100610463948500_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1530","DOI":"10.1039\/D5AY01860A","article-title":"A Novel 3D-CB\/HEC\u2013CH\n@Cu Hybrid Electrode for Sensitive and Rapid Ammonia Nitrogen Detection\nin Environmental Water","volume":"8","author":"Martins","year":"2026","journal-title":"Anal. 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Interfaces"},{"key":"2026100610463948500_cit30","volume-title":"Electrochemical Methods:\nfundamentals and Applications","author":"Bard","year":"2022","edition":"3rd"},{"key":"2026100610463948500_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talo.2025.100532","article-title":"3D-printed\ncarbon black-based\nelectrode for simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid and kojic\nacid in dermo-cosmetic products","volume":"12","author":"Lucas","year":"2025","journal-title":"Talanta Open"},{"key":"2026100610463948500_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2010.07.048","article-title":"Preparation\nand physical\/electrochemical characterization of carbon nanotube\u2013chitosan\nmodified pencil graphite electrode","volume":"257","author":"Vural","year":"2010","journal-title":"Appl. Surf.\nSci."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026100610463948500_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6561","DOI":"10.1039\/D4TA00041B","article-title":"Unveiling the correlation between\nthe thickness and uniformity of the hydroxyethyl cellulose film and\nits protective effect on the zinc electrode","volume":"12","author":"Lu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. 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