{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T20:44:56Z","timestamp":1791924296799,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"40","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003625","name":"Ministry of Health and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22C0603L1-11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22C0603L1-11"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003625","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014188","name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22C0603L1-11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22C0603L1-11"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative musculoskeletal condition characterized by progressive cartilage degradation accompanied by joint inflammation, for which current treatments offer only symptomatic relief without halting progression. This study compared the regenerative and anti-inflammatory properties of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and its exosome-enriched derivative (PRP-Exos) on human chondrocytes and cartilage explants under IL-1\u03b2 stimulated inflammatory conditions. PRP-derived exosomes (PRP-Exos) were extracted using an aqueous two-phase separation method and subsequently evaluated for their morphological characteristics and particle size distribution by transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis. The findings revealed that treatment with PRP-Exos produced greater improvements in chondrocyte proliferation, migratory capacity, and extracellular matrix synthesis compared with PRP. Furthermore, PRP-Exos more effectively suppressed regulation of inflammatory cytokines and cartilage-degrading enzymes, including MMP-3 and MMP-13, through modulation of the Wnt5a, NF-\u03baB, and MAPK signaling pathways. Ex vivo analysis confirmed that PRP-Exos treatment led to superior cartilage structural maintenance and increased proteoglycan content in chondral defects. These findings conclude that PRP derived exosomes possess superior regenerative properties and improved tissue penetration over conventional PRP, positioning them as promising cell free, next generation therapeutics for OA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.6c07801","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T07:02:09Z","timestamp":1790578929000},"page":"61869-61886","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["PRP-Derived Exosomes\nPromote Cartilage Repair by Suppressing\nOxidative Stress and Inflammatory Signaling in Chondrocytes: An In\nVitro and Ex Vivo Study"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5115-6062","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jaishree","family":"Sankaranarayanan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chonnam National University Medical School , , ,","place":["Hwasun, Korea, 58128"]},{"name":"Center for Joint Disease of Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital , , 322 Seoyang-Ro , , ,","place":["Hwasun-Eup, Jeonnam, Korea, 519763"]},{"name":"Chonnam National University Hospital , , 42 Jebong-Ro , Dong-Gu, ,","place":["Gwangju, Korea, 501757"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyung Keun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Joint Disease of Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital , , 322 Seoyang-Ro , , ,","place":["Hwasun-Eup, Jeonnam, Korea, 519763"]},{"name":"Chonnam National University Hospital , , 42 Jebong-Ro , Dong-Gu, ,","place":["Gwangju, Korea, 501757"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ju Yeon","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Joint Disease of Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital , , 322 Seoyang-Ro , , ,","place":["Hwasun-Eup, Jeonnam, Korea, 519763"]},{"name":"Chonnam National University Hospital , , 42 Jebong-Ro , Dong-Gu, ,","place":["Gwangju, Korea, 501757"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youzhen","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Joint Disease of Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital , , 322 Seoyang-Ro , , ,","place":["Hwasun-Eup, Jeonnam, Korea, 519763"]},{"name":"Chonnam National University Hospital , , 42 Jebong-Ro , Dong-Gu, ,","place":["Gwangju, Korea, 501757"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sree Samanvitha","family":"Kuppa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Joint Disease of Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital , , 322 Seoyang-Ro , , ,","place":["Hwasun-Eup, Jeonnam, Korea, 519763"]},{"name":"Chonnam National University Hospital , , 42 Jebong-Ro , Dong-Gu, ,","place":["Gwangju, Korea, 501757"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong Yeol","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Joint Disease of Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital , , 322 Seoyang-Ro , , ,","place":["Hwasun-Eup, Jeonnam, Korea, 519763"]},{"name":"Chonnam National University Hospital , , 42 Jebong-Ro , Dong-Gu, ,","place":["Gwangju, Korea, 501757"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6450-2339","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jong Keun","family":"Seon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chonnam National University Medical School , , ,","place":["Hwasun, Korea, 58128"]},{"name":"Center for Joint Disease of Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital , , 322 Seoyang-Ro , , ,","place":["Hwasun-Eup, Jeonnam, Korea, 519763"]},{"name":"Chonnam National University Hospital , , 42 Jebong-Ro , Dong-Gu, ,","place":["Gwangju, Korea, 501757"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10182","key":"2026101315102504700_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30417-9","article-title":"Osteoarthritis","volume":"393","author":"Hunter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026101315102504700_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rehab.2016.01.006","article-title":"Risk factors\nand burden of osteoarthritis","volume":"59","author":"Palazzo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Phys. Rehabil.\nMed."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101315102504700_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-025-03658-w","article-title":"Epidemiological trends of osteoarthritis\nat the global, regional, and national levels from 1990 to 2021 and\nprojections to 2050","volume":"27","author":"Qiao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026101315102504700_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0320115","article-title":"Global burden of knee\nosteoarthritis from 1990 to 2021: Trends, inequalities, and projections\nto 2035","volume":"20","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026101315102504700_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.4078\/jkra.2007.14.4.354","article-title":"The prevalence and risk factors of\nknee and hand osteoarthritis in Korea","volume":"14","author":"Cho","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Korean\nRheum. Assoc."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026101315102504700_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60040665","article-title":"Prevalence\nand risk factors of osteoarthritis in Korea: A cross-sectional study","volume":"60","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Medicina"},{"key":"2026101315102504700_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1523027","article-title":"Recent advances in the management of knee oste-oarthritis:\nA narrative review","volume":"12","author":"Shtroblia","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"issue":"17","key":"2026101315102504700_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241713043","article-title":"Advances in platelet rich plasma-derived\nextracellular vesicles for regenerative medicine: A systematic-narrative\nreview","volume":"24","author":"Anitua","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026101315102504700_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.16709","article-title":"Therapeutic potential\nof extracellular vesicles (exosomes) derived from platelet-rich plasma:\nA literature review","volume":"24","author":"Gupta","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Cosmet. Dermatol."},{"key":"2026101315102504700_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2040622319825567","article-title":"Platelet-rich\nplasma in osteoarthritis treatment: Review of current evidence","volume":"10","author":"Gato-Calvo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Chronic Dis."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026101315102504700_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/der2.70000","article-title":"PRP, exosomes, and\nstem cells: An\ninternational perspective","volume":"5","author":"Singh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dermatol. Rev."},{"key":"2026101315102504700_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6749","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S327059","article-title":"Potential of exosomes\nas cell-free therapy in articular cartilage regeneration: A review","volume":"Volume 16","author":"Ng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026101315102504700_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14101328","article-title":"The Biological Effect of Enriching\nthe Plasma Content in Platelet-Rich Plasma: An In Vitro Study","volume":"14","author":"Anitua","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026101315102504700_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2011.04.013","article-title":"Lipoxin A4 inhibits\nthe production of proinflammatory cytokines induced by \u03b2-amyloid\nin vitro and in vivo","volume":"408","author":"Wu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res.\nCommun."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101315102504700_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-97501-6","article-title":"Platelet-rich plasma\nrelieves inflammation and pain by regulating M1\/M2 macrophage polarization\nin knee osteoarthritis rats","volume":"15","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101315102504700_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-019-1529-7","article-title":"Exosomes derived from\nplatelet-rich plasma present a novel potential\nin alleviating knee osteoarthritis by promoting proliferation and\ninhibiting apoptosis of chondrocytes via Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling\npathway","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Surg. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101315102504700_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-023-03576-0","article-title":"Effect study of exosomes\nderived from platelet-rich plasma in the\ntreatment of knee cartilage defects in rats","volume":"18","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Surg. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101315102504700_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-022-01245-8","article-title":"Exosomes derived from\nplatelet-rich plasma administration in situ\nmediate cartilage protection in subtalar osteoarthritis","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026101315102504700_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2017.31","article-title":"Knockdown\nof long non-coding RNA\nHOTAIR increases miR-454\u20133p by targeting Stat3 and Atg12 to\ninhibit chondrosarcoma growth","volume":"8","author":"Bao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026101315102504700_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cpr.13285","article-title":"CircHIPK3\nprevents chondrocyte apoptosis and cartilage degradation by sponging\nmiR-30a-3p and promoting PON2","volume":"55","author":"Shang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Proliferation"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026101315102504700_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26125447","article-title":"Comparative Efficacy of Exosomes Derived from Different\nMesenchymal Stem Cell Sources in Osteoarthritis Models: An In Vitro\nand Ex Vivo Analysis","volume":"26","author":"Sankaranarayanan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"13","key":"2026101315102504700_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25137263","article-title":"Cinnamaldehyde-Treated Bone Marrow Mesenchymal-Stem-Cell-Derived\nExosomes via Aqueous Two-Phase System Attenuate IL-1\u03b2-Induced\nInflammation and Catabolism via Modulation of Proinflammatory Signaling\nPathways","volume":"25","author":"Sankaranarayanan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"2026101315102504700_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.731756","article-title":"The research progress\nof exosomes in osteoarthritis, with particular emphasis on the therapeutic\neffect","volume":"13","author":"Xian Bo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101315102504700_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-025-04659-x","article-title":"The crosstalk among macrophages,\nchondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells in osteoarthritis: the role\nof extracellular vesicles","volume":"16","author":"Kong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101315102504700_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-025-02473-9","article-title":"Platelet-derived\nexosomes in situ reprogramming macrophages\nfor rheumatoid arthritis treatment","volume":"23","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Commun.\nSignaling: CCS"},{"key":"2026101315102504700_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-024-05202-z","article-title":"Exosomes derived\nfrom platelet-rich plasma present a novel potential in re-pairing\nknee articular cartilage defect combined with cyclic peptide-modified\n\u03b2-TCP scaffold","volume":"19","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Surg. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101315102504700_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-019-0411-x","article-title":"Wnt signaling: a promising target\nfor osteoarthritis therapy","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Commun. Signaling:\nCCS"},{"issue":"April","key":"2026101315102504700_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpx.2025.100372","article-title":"Platelet-rich plasma-contained\ndrug delivery systems to treat orthopedic injuries","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm. X"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101315102504700_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5c05416","article-title":"Exosome-based therapeutics for musculoskeletal\ndisorders: Advances in engineering, targeting, and bio-material integration","volume":"19","author":"Lv","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101315102504700_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-025-06026-1","article-title":"The efficacy of platelet-rich plasma\npreparation protocols in the treatment of osteoarthritis: a network\nmeta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"20","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Surgery Res."}],"container-title":["ACS Omega"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsomega.6c07801","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/11\/40\/61869\/68672249\/acsomega.6c07801.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/11\/40\/61869\/68672249\/acsomega.6c07801.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T19:49:44Z","timestamp":1791920984000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article\/11\/40\/61869\/5439684\/PRP-Derived-Exosomes-Promote-Cartilage-Repair-by"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"40","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.6c07801","relation":{},"ISSN":["2470-1343"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2470-1343","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]}}}