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The Ru-PP\/CNTs have a thin layer of highly cross-linked polymeric ruthenium porphyrin coating over the CNT surface via strong \u03c0\u2013\u03c0 stacking interactions, thus showing a bilayered structure with an amorphous polymeric outer surface and an internal CNT core. Polymeric ruthenium porphyrin-functionalized reduced graphene oxide (Ru-PP\/RGO) was prepared with a synthetic procedure similar to Ru-PP\/CNTs, with RGO as the internal core. Both Ru-PP\/CNTs and Ru-PP\/RGO showed excellent catalytic performance toward hydrogenation of biomass-related ethyl levulinate (EL) to \u03b3-valerolactone (GVL) with Ru-centered porphyrin units as the catalytic active species. Under optimized reaction conditions, a GVL yield higher than 99% with a complete conversion of EL was observed over both Ru-PP\/CNTs and Ru-PP\/RGO. In addition to GVL preparation, the versatile Ru-PP\/CNTs can efficiently promote reductive amination of EL with various amines for the synthesis of pyrrolidone derivatives, with the corresponding yields ranging from 96.3 to 88.7%. Moreover, the composite materials of both Ru-PP\/CNTs and Ru-PP\/RGO behave as heterogeneous catalysts in the reaction system and can be easily reused.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.7b00427","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,7]],"date-time":"2017-07-07T08:45:37Z","timestamp":1499417137000},"page":"3228-3240","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Polymeric Ruthenium Porphyrin-Functionalized Carbon\nNanotubes and Graphene for\nLevulinic Ester Transformations into \u03b3-Valerolactone\nand Pyrrolidone Derivatives"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Ting","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang University , , 14 Sheng Li Road , ,","place":["Urumqi, P. R. China, 830046"]},{"name":"Jinan University , , No. 601 Huangpu Avenue West , Tianhe District, ,","place":["Guangzhou, P. R. China, 510632"]},{"name":"Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 2 Nengyuan Road , Wushan, Tianhe District, ,","place":["Guangzhou, P. R. China, 510640"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang University , , 14 Sheng Li Road , ,","place":["Urumqi, P. R. China, 830046"]},{"name":"Jinan University , , No. 601 Huangpu Avenue West , Tianhe District, ,","place":["Guangzhou, P. R. China, 510632"]},{"name":"Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 2 Nengyuan Road , Wushan, Tianhe District, ,","place":["Guangzhou, P. R. China, 510640"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuefeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang University , , 14 Sheng Li Road , ,","place":["Urumqi, P. R. China, 830046"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6475-1431","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jinzhu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jinan University , , No. 601 Huangpu Avenue West , Tianhe District, ,","place":["Guangzhou, P. R. China, 510632"]},{"name":"Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 2 Nengyuan Road , Wushan, Tianhe District, ,","place":["Guangzhou, P. R. China, 510640"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueli","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang University , , 14 Sheng Li Road , ,","place":["Urumqi, P. R. China, 830046"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinnian","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang University , , 14 Sheng Li Road , ,","place":["Urumqi, P. R. China, 830046"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090207403377500_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1039\/c3gc41935e","article-title":"Green and\nsustainable manufacture of chemicals from biomass: state of the art","volume":"16","author":"Sheldon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Green Chem."},{"key":"2026090207403377500_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1021\/cr500330z","article-title":"Carbon Dioxide\nin Biomass Processing: Contributions to the Green Biorefinery Concept","volume":"115","author":"Morais","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. 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