{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T18:49:20Z","timestamp":1790016560522,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,22]],"date-time":"2018-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1519257600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/page\/policy\/authorchoice_termsofuse.html"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004573","name":"Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201403047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201403047"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004573","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Youth Innovation teams of Animal Feed Biotechnology of Sichuan Province","award":["2016TD0028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016TD0028"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is a naturally occurring polyphenol in the human diet and plants, exhibiting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of CGA on intestinal development and health in weaned pigs. Twenty-four weaned pigs were randomly assigned to two treatments and fed with a basal diet or a basal diet supplemented with 1000 mg\/kg CGA. After a 14 d trial, samples were collected. Compared with the control group, CGA supplementation decreased the serum tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1\u03b2IL-6 concentrations and elevated the serum immunoglobulin G and jejunal secretory immunoglobulin A concentrations. Meanwhile, jejunal villus height, duodenal and jejunal villus width, and jejunal and ileal villus height\/crypt depth were increased by CGA. CGA not only decreased the number of duodenal and jejunal cells in the G0G1 phase but also increased the number of jejunal and ileal cells in the S phase. The percentages of late and total apoptotic cells in jejunum and the ratio of B-cell lymphoma-2-assiciated X protein to B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) in duodenum and jejunum were also decreased by CGA supplementation. Finally, CGA upregulated the expression level of Bcl-2 in duodenum and jejunum, whereas it downregulated the expression levels of caspase-3 in duodenum and jejunum, caspase-9 in jejunum, as well as Fas in jejunum and ileum. This study suggested that the beneficial effects of CGA on intestinal development and health are partially due to improvement in immune defense and suppression in excessive apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells in weaned pigs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.7b01971","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,22]],"date-time":"2018-02-22T10:27:37Z","timestamp":1519295257000},"page":"2211-2219","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Chlorogenic Acid Improves Intestinal Development via\nSuppressing Mucosa Inflammation and Cell Apoptosis in Weaned Pigs"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Jiali","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan Agricultural University , , 46 Xinkang Road , Yucheng District, , ,","place":["Ya\u2019an, Sichuan, China, 625014"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongmei","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Vocational Animal Science and Veterinary College , , 88 Shengli Street , , ,","place":["Weifang, Shandong, China, 261061"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daiwen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan Agricultural University , , 46 Xinkang Road , Yucheng District, , ,","place":["Ya\u2019an, Sichuan, China, 625014"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan Agricultural University , , 46 Xinkang Road , Yucheng District, , ,","place":["Ya\u2019an, Sichuan, China, 625014"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangbing","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan Agricultural University , , 46 Xinkang Road , Yucheng District, , ,","place":["Ya\u2019an, Sichuan, China, 625014"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan Agricultural University , , 46 Xinkang Road , Yucheng District, , ,","place":["Ya\u2019an, Sichuan, China, 625014"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan Agricultural University , , 46 Xinkang Road , Yucheng District, , ,","place":["Ya\u2019an, Sichuan, China, 625014"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuheng","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan Agricultural University , , 46 Xinkang Road , Yucheng District, , ,","place":["Ya\u2019an, Sichuan, China, 625014"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junqiu","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan Agricultural University , , 46 Xinkang Road , Yucheng District, , ,","place":["Ya\u2019an, Sichuan, China, 625014"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1963-9766","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jun","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan Agricultural University , , 46 Xinkang Road , Yucheng District, , ,","place":["Ya\u2019an, Sichuan, China, 625014"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090320100514300_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.51.5.748","article-title":"Effect of breast milk and weaning on epithelial growth\nof the small intestine in humans","volume":"51","author":"Cummins","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2026090320100514300_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0396.2012.01284.x","article-title":"Gastrointestinal health and function\nin weaned pigs:\na review of feeding strategies to control post-weaning diarrhoea without\nusing in-feed antimicrobial compounds","volume":"97","author":"Heo","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Anim.\nPhysiol. Anim. Nutr."},{"key":"2026090320100514300_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1938","DOI":"10.1017\/s0007114513001608","article-title":"Effect of\nN-acetyl cysteine on enterocyte apoptosis and intracellular signalling\npathways\u2019 response to oxidative stress in weaned piglets","volume":"110","author":"Zhu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"2026090320100514300_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-016-1223-z","article-title":"Effects of\nintrauterine growth retardation and Bacillus subtilis\nPB6 supplementation on growth performance, intestinal development\nand immune function of piglets during the suckling period","volume":"56","author":"Hu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"2026090320100514300_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2012.752342","article-title":"Polyphenol conjugates and human health: a perspective\nreview","volume":"56","author":"Cirillo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"2026090320100514300_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4629","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.8333","article-title":"Phytosterols\non growth\nperformance, antioxidant enzymes and intestinal morphology in weaned\npiglets","volume":"97","author":"Hu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"2026090320100514300_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-011-0216-1","article-title":"Plant polyphenols attenuate hepatic\ninjury after hemorrhage\/resuscitation by inhibition of apoptosis,\noxidative stress, and inflammation via NF-kappaB in rats","volume":"51","author":"Relja","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. 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Rep."},{"key":"2026090320100514300_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of relative gene expression\ndata using real-time\nquantitative PCR and the 2\u2013\u0394\u0394CT method","volume":"25","author":"Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods"}],"container-title":["ACS Omega"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsomega.7b01971","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/3\/2\/2211\/68320678\/acsomega.7b01971.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/3\/2\/2211\/68320678\/acsomega.7b01971.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T08:14:43Z","timestamp":1788509683000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article\/3\/2\/2211\/749420\/Chlorogenic-Acid-Improves-Intestinal-Development"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,22]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.7b01971","relation":{},"ISSN":["2470-1343"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2470-1343","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,22]]}}}