{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T16:31:34Z","timestamp":1790440294393,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,22]],"date-time":"2018-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1529625600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/page\/policy\/authorchoice_termsofuse.html"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P42 ES023716"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P42 ES023716"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000146","name":"Division of Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental, and Transport Systems","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CBET-1159829"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CBET-1159829"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000146","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007924","name":"University of Louisville","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007924","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Aldehydes including formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acrolein are toxic organic components of air pollution that cause lung cancer and cardiovascular disease with chronic exposure. The commonly used method for determining the levels of carbonyl compounds based on the derivatizing agent 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine is of limited use for ketones and unsaturated aldehydes because of issues such as low capture efficiencies, unstable derivatives, and long sample collection times. This work details the analysis of carbonyls in ambient air by a microreactor approach. The microreactor is fabricated on a silicon wafer and has thousands of micropillars in a microfluidic channel for uniformly distributing the air flow through the channel. The surfaces of the micropillars are coated with a quaternary ammonium aminooxy reagent, 2-(aminooxy)ethyl-N,N,N-trimethylammonium iodide (ATM), for chemoselective capture of carbonyl compounds by means of oximation reactions. ATM\u2013carbonyl adducts are eluted from the microreactor and directly analyzed by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry. More than 20 carbonyls were detected in ambient air samples. Acetone, 2-butanone, acetaldehyde, and formaldehyde were the most abundant carbonyls in ambient air of the studied urban areas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.8b00503","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,22]],"date-time":"2018-06-22T08:56:59Z","timestamp":1529657819000},"page":"6764-6769","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Analysis of Carbonyl Compounds in Ambient Air by a\nMicroreactor Approach"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Mingxiao","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Louisville , , 216 Eastern Parkway , , ,","place":["Louisville, Kentucky, United States, 40208"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Louisville , , 216 Eastern Parkway , , ,","place":["Louisville, Kentucky, United States, 40208"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael H.","family":"Nantz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Louisville , , 216 Eastern Parkway , , ,","place":["Louisville, Kentucky, United States, 40208"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6837-6512","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xiao-An","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Louisville , , 216 Eastern Parkway , , ,","place":["Louisville, Kentucky, United States, 40208"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090209400144200_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4697","DOI":"10.1021\/es7029174","article-title":"Carbonyl emissions\nfrom gasoline and diesel motor vehicles","volume":"42","author":"Jakober","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ.\nSci. 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Environ."},{"key":"2026090209400144200_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2012.03.006","article-title":"Measurements\nof ambient hydrocarbons and carbonyls in the Pearl River Delta (PRD),\nChina","volume":"116","author":"Yuan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"key":"2026090209400144200_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-009-0247-9","article-title":"On the\nrelationship between ozone and its precursors in the Pearl River Delta:\napplication of an observation-based model (OBM)","volume":"17","author":"Cheng","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. 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Exposure Anal. Environ. Epidemiol."},{"key":"2026090209400144200_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2851","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2006.11.039","article-title":"Characteristics of carbonyls: concentrations\nand source strengths for indoor and outdoor residential microenvironments\nin China","volume":"41","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"2026090209400144200_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1021\/es950297e","article-title":"Carbonyl Collection\nEfficiency of the DNPH-Coated C18Cartridge\nin Dry Air and in Humid Air","volume":"30","author":"Grosjean","year":"1996","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. 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Environ."},{"key":"2026090209400144200_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8507","DOI":"10.1021\/es5014533","article-title":"Ambient\nacrolein concentrations in coastal, remote, and urban regions in California","volume":"48","author":"Cahill","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026090209400144200_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2405","DOI":"10.1021\/ac051947s","article-title":"A sensitive method for the quantification\nof acrolein and other volatile carbonyls in ambient air","volume":"78","author":"Seaman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"2026090209400144200_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7084","DOI":"10.1021\/es801656e","article-title":"Diurnal\ncycles of acrolein and other\nsmall aldehydes in regions impacted by vehicle emissions","volume":"42","author":"Spada","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026090209400144200_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2145","DOI":"10.1021\/ac00218a019","article-title":"Solid phase\nmicroextraction with thermal desorption\nusing fused silica optical fibers","volume":"62","author":"Arthur","year":"1990","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"2026090209400144200_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1109\/jmems.2005.844842","article-title":"Multiple-stage\nmicrofabricated preconcentrator-focuser for micro gas chromatography\nsystem","volume":"14","author":"Tian","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Microelectromech. Syst."},{"key":"2026090209400144200_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1109\/jsen.2009.2025822","article-title":"MEMS-based selective preconcentration\nof trace level breath analytes","volume":"9","author":"Alfeeli","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. 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