{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T15:13:28Z","timestamp":1788362008094,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,5]],"date-time":"2018-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530748800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/page\/policy\/authorchoice_termsofuse.html"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The analytical study of historical collagen-based materials such as leather book covers is a complex task for conservation scientists. Historical leather presents a heterogeneous composition of both organic and inorganic materials that show an evident reactivity, particularly when exposed to specific environments. Its correct preservation in archival documents remains challenging as some aspects of its chemical composition, degradation, and effectiveness of conservation treatments are still not fully understood. Here, we describe a novel application of attenuated total reflection (ATR)\u2013Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic imaging coupled with a macro ATR accessory to study historical leather book covers. This nondestructive and high spatial resolution approach has allowed the visualization of degradation phenomena affecting this fragile material, particularly the gelatinization of collagen and, for the first time, the detection of the formation of calcium stearate (metal carboxylates or soaps). In addition, the distribution of modified soybean oil used as a treatment to maintain properties such as elasticity and hydrophobicity of the leather was studied. The effect of anomalous dispersion on the strong IR bands obtained in the ATR mode and the resulting changes to the band positions are also discussed. This research addresses issues that are relevant to the conservation of archival materials of cultural heritage for future generations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.8b00773","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,5]],"date-time":"2018-07-05T10:41:47Z","timestamp":1530787307000},"page":"7150-7157","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Study of the Degradation and Conservation of Historical\nLeather Book Covers with Macro Attenuated Total Reflection\u2013Fourier\nTransform Infrared Spectroscopic Imaging"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Vichi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Imperial College London , , South Kensington Campus , ,","place":["London, U.K., SW7 2AZ"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gayane","family":"Eliazyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mesrop Mashtots Institute of Ancient Manuscripts, Matenadaran , 53 Mashtots Avenue , ,","place":["Yerevan, Armenia, 0009"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1768-9134","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sergei G.","family":"Kazarian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imperial College London , , South Kensington Campus , ,","place":["London, U.K., SW7 2AZ"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090210203643200_cit1","volume-title":"Introduction: Ancient\nSkins, Parchments and Leathers","author":"Reed","year":"1972"},{"key":"2026090210203643200_cit2","first-page":"66","article-title":"The manufacture\nof leather","volume-title":"Conservation of Leather and\nRelated Materials","author":"Thomson","year":"2006"},{"key":"2026090210203643200_cit3","first-page":"22","article-title":"The chemistry\nof tanning materials","volume-title":"Conservation of Leather\nand Related Materials","author":"Covington","year":"2006"},{"key":"2026090210203643200_cit4","first-page":"34","article-title":"Surface coatings\nand finishes","volume-title":"Leather: Its Composition\nand Changes with Time","author":"Thomson","year":"1991"},{"key":"2026090210203643200_cit5","first-page":"59","article-title":"Deterioration\nin leather bookbindings - our present state of knowledge","volume":"3","author":"Haines","year":"1977","journal-title":"Br. Libr. J."},{"key":"2026090210203643200_cit6","first-page":"66","article-title":"Natural ageing\nof leather in libraries","volume-title":"Leather: Its Composition\nand Changes with Time","author":"Haines","year":"1991"},{"key":"2026090210203643200_cit7","first-page":"44","article-title":"Ageing of vegetable\ntanned leather in response to various climatic conditions","volume-title":"Leather: Its Composition and Changes with Time","author":"Calnan","year":"1991"},{"key":"2026090210203643200_cit8","first-page":"36","article-title":"The mechanism\nof deterioration in leather","volume-title":"Conservation\nof Leather and Related Materials","author":"Florian","year":"2006"},{"key":"2026090210203643200_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.2533\/chimia.2008.899","article-title":"The Chemical\nDegradation of Leather","volume":"62","author":"Larsen","year":"2008","journal-title":"CHIMIA Int. J. 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Herit."},{"key":"2026090210203643200_cit28","article-title":"IOF00108, Calcium\nstearate \u201cIOF00108, Calcium stearate\u201d","volume-title":"Infrared and Raman Users Group Spectral Database","author":"Peggie","year":"2007"},{"key":"2026090210203643200_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1002\/jrs.4520","article-title":"Characterisation\nof metal carboxylates by Raman and infrared spectroscopy in works\nof art","volume":"45","author":"Otero","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Raman Spectrosc."},{"key":"2026090210203643200_cit30","unstructured":"Higgit, C.; Spring, M.; Saunders, D.\n          Pigment-Medium\nInteractions in Oil Paint Films Containing Red Lead or Lead-Tin Yellow.  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CONScience 2015, Bucharest, 2015; Vol. Restitutio 9, pp 54\u201363."}],"container-title":["ACS Omega"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsomega.8b00773","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/3\/7\/7150\/67790910\/acsomega.8b00773.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/3\/7\/7150\/67790910\/acsomega.8b00773.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T14:20:43Z","timestamp":1788358843000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article\/3\/7\/7150\/749654\/Study-of-the-Degradation-and-Conservation-of"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,2]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,31]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.8b00773","relation":{},"ISSN":["2470-1343"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2470-1343","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,2]]}}}