{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T10:16:29Z","timestamp":1788344189164,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,3]],"date-time":"2018-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538524800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/page\/policy\/authorchoice_termsofuse.html"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000078","name":"Division of Materials Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1151783"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1151783"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000078","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000078","name":"Division of Materials Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1709446"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1709446"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000078","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000146","name":"Division of Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental, and Transport Systems","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1604504"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1604504"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000146","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There is strong demand for achieving morphological control of conducting polymers in its many potential applications, from energy harvesting to spintronics. Here, the static magnetic-field-induced alignment of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) particles is demonstrated. PEDOT:PSS thin films cast under modest mT-level magnetic fields exhibit a fourfold increase in the Seebeck coefficient and doubled electrical conductivity. Atomic force microscopy measurements confirm the presence of conducting islands that exhibit a 10-fold increase in the local charge carrier mobility and threshold behavior that is associated with phase separation. High-resolution scanning electron microscopy identifies a consistent structural coil-to-rod transition, and three-dimensional time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry imaging shows that the rodlike structures coincide with PEDOT domains that generally align with the magnetic field and cluster on the outer surface. Grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering, Raman spectra, electron paramagnetic resonance, and circular dichroism spectroscopy point to the physical nature of the magnetophoretic alignment, which is expected to occur via magnetic coupling of PEDOT domains with polaron modes. Because casting under mT-level magnetic fields increases the electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient of PEDOT:PSS thin films without additional dopants that commonly limit the thermoelectric performance, our research reveals that low-field magnetophoresis significantly influences the structure and corresponding physical properties of PEDOT:PSS. Our results also point to concerns that the presence of small external magnetic fields in laboratory settings may appreciably and inadvertently influence the PEDOT:PSS morphology during settling, drying, or annealing processes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.8b00999","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,3]],"date-time":"2018-10-03T15:01:13Z","timestamp":1538578873000},"page":"12554-12561","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Improved Anisotropic Thermoelectric Behavior of Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):Poly(styrenesulfonate)\nvia Magnetophoresis"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4708-2253","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Vera A.","family":"Zarubin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bronx High School of Science , 75 W 205th Street , , ,","place":["Bronx, New York, United States, 10468"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tai-De","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Center of the City University of New York , , 85 St Nicholas Terrace , ,","place":["New York, United States, 10031"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunita","family":"Humagain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunter College of the City University of New York , , 695 Park Avenue , , ,","place":["New York, New York, United States, 10065"]},{"name":"Graduate Center of the City University of New York , , 365 5th Avenue , , ,","place":["New York, New York, United States, 10016"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haojie","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queens College of the City University of New York , , 65-30 Kissena Blvd , , ,","place":["Flushing, New York, United States, 11367"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7745-2513","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kevin G.","family":"Yager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brookhaven National Laboratory , , , ,","place":["Upton, New York, United States, 11973"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven G.","family":"Greenbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunter College of the City University of New York , , 695 Park Avenue , , ,","place":["New York, New York, United States, 10065"]},{"name":"Graduate Center of the City University of New York , , 365 5th Avenue , , ,","place":["New York, New York, United States, 10016"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0652-4214","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Luat T.","family":"Vuong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queens College of the City University of New York , , 65-30 Kissena Blvd , , ,","place":["Flushing, New York, United States, 11367"]},{"name":"Graduate Center of the City University of New York , , 365 5th Avenue , , ,","place":["New York, New York, United States, 10016"]},{"name":"University of California at Riverside , , Bourns Hall, , ,","place":["Riverside, California, United States, 92521"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090205431012300_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2831","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201205158","article-title":"Morphological Change\nand Mobility Enhancement in PEDOT:PSS by Adding Co-solvents","volume":"25","author":"Wei","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"2026090205431012300_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.3390\/ma8020732","article-title":"Recent Progress\non PEDOT-Based Thermoelectric Materials","volume":"8","author":"Wei","year":"2015","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"2026090205431012300_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1021\/ma502099t","article-title":"Thermal Conductivity and Elastic Constants of PEDOT:PSS\nwith High Electrical Conductivity","volume":"48","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"2026090205431012300_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18805","DOI":"10.1038\/srep18805","article-title":"Enhancement of Thermoelectric\nProperties of PEDOT:PSS and Tellurium-PEDOT:PSS Hybrid Composites\nby Simple Chemical Treatment","volume":"6","author":"Bae","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2026090205431012300_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2224","DOI":"10.1021\/la7026847","article-title":"Inkjet-Printed Line Morphologies and Temperature Control\nof the Coffee Ring Effect","volume":"24","author":"Soltman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"2026090205431012300_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/s0379-6779(03)00280-7","article-title":"Influence\nof thermal treatment on the conductivity and morphology of PEDOT\/PSS\nfilms","volume":"139","author":"Huang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Synth. Met."},{"key":"2026090205431012300_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/s0927-796x(97)00011-9","article-title":"Film formation\nof latex","volume":"21","author":"Keddie","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. 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Electron."},{"key":"2026090205431012300_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1500017","DOI":"10.1002\/aelm.201500017","article-title":"Effective Approaches to Improve the\nElectrical Conductivity of PEDOT:PSS: A Review","volume":"1","author":"Shi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Electron. Mater."},{"key":"2026090205431012300_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2202","DOI":"10.1088\/0256-307x\/25\/6\/076","article-title":"Thermoelectric Performance of Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):\nPoly(styrenesulfonate)","volume":"25","author":"Feng-Xing","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chin. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"2026090205431012300_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2017.03.023","article-title":"A simple thermoelectric\ndevice based\non inorganic\/organic composite thin film for energy harvesting","volume":"320","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"2026090205431012300_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orgel.2013.12.023","article-title":"A facile\ndedoping approach for effectively tuning thermoelectricity and acidity\nof PEDOT:PSS films","volume":"15","author":"Tsai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Org. Electron."},{"key":"2026090205431012300_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4777","DOI":"10.1021\/am401451r","article-title":"Fabrication\nof Novel Two-Dimensional Nanopatterned Conductive PEDOT:PSS Films\nfor Organic Optoelectronic Applications","volume":"5","author":"Petti","year":"2013","journal-title":"ACS\nAppl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"2026090205431012300_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1039\/c4tc01936a","article-title":"Nanostructured PEDOT:PSS\nfilm with two-dimensional photonic quasi crystals for efficient white\nOLED devices","volume":"3","author":"Rippa","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. 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Insights from structural\nstudies","volume":"4","author":"Gangopadhyay","year":"2014","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"2026090205431012300_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2418","DOI":"10.1021\/ma102861t","article-title":"Control of Chirality and Electrochromism in Copolymer-Type Chiral\nPEDOT Derivatives by Means of Electrochemical Oxidation and Reduction","volume":"44","author":"Jeong","year":"2011","journal-title":"Macromolecules"}],"container-title":["ACS Omega"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsomega.8b00999","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/3\/10\/12554\/67678076\/acsomega.8b00999.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/3\/10\/12554\/67678076\/acsomega.8b00999.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T09:43:17Z","timestamp":1788342197000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article\/3\/10\/12554\/1743096\/Improved-Anisotropic-Thermoelectric-Behavior-of"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,3]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,31]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.8b00999","relation":{},"ISSN":["2470-1343"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2470-1343","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,3]]}}}