{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T14:14:41Z","timestamp":1788358481030,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,26]],"date-time":"2018-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1540512000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/page\/policy\/authorchoice_termsofuse.html"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001321","name":"National Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["86880"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["86880"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001321","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001342","name":"Department of Science and Technology, Republic of South Africa","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001342","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005274","name":"North-West University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005274","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The objective of this study, the first of its kind on these specific South African low-sulfur coals, was to capture H2S and SO2 produced under inert and oxidizing conditions from sulfur compounds present in the coals. The capturing agents were calcium and magnesium oxides formed during the transformation of calcite and dolomite. The effectiveness of two different scrubbing solutions (0.15 M cadmium acetate and 1.1 M potassium hydroxide) for absorption of volatilized H2S and SO2 was also investigated. The bituminous coal (coal A) contained dolomite, calcite, pyrite, and organic sulfur. Lignite (coal B) had a high organic sulfur content and contained gypsum, no or low dolomite and pyrite contents, and no calcite. A third sample (coal C) was prepared by adding 5 wt % potassium carbonate to coal A. Under oxidizing conditions and at elevated temperatures, FeS2 produced Fe2O3, FeO, and SO2. It transformed to FeS and released H2S under inert conditions. Organic sulfur interacted with organically bound calcium and magnesium at 400 \u00b0C in an inert atmosphere to form calcium sulfate and oldhamite ((Ca,Mg)S). CaO, produced from calcite or dolomite, reacted with SO2 and O2 at 950 \u00b0C to form calcium sulfate. Treatment of lignite at 400\u2013950 \u00b0C resulted in 96\u201398% evolution of sulfur as gases. Hydrogen sulfide formation increased with the increasing thermal treatment temperature under inert conditions for the three coals. Under oxidizing conditions, sulfur dioxide formation decreased with the increasing temperature when heating coals B and C. The lowest ratio (0.01) of H2S to SO2 was achieved during thermal treatment of the blend of coal and potassium carbonate (coal C), implying that almost all of sulfur was retained in the coal C ash\/char samples. In situ capturing of sulfur gases by CaO and MgO and by the added K2CO3 in coal C to form calcium\/magnesium\/potassium sulfates and potassium\/calcium\/magnesium aluminosilicate glasses during utilization of these and similar coals could reduce the percentage of sulfur volatilized from the coals by 54\u2013100%, thereby potentially decreasing their impact on the environment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.8b01359","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,26]],"date-time":"2018-10-26T08:49:04Z","timestamp":1540543744000},"page":"14201-14212","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["In Situ Capturing and Absorption of Sulfur Gases Formed\nduring Thermal Treatment of South African Coals"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2839-3729","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ratale H.","family":"Matjie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"North-West University , , ,","place":["Potchefstroom, South Africa, 2520"]},{"name":"Vaal University of Technology , , Vanderbijlpark Campus , ,","place":["Vanderbijlpark, South Africa, 1911"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeanett M.","family":"Lesufi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North-West University , , ,","place":["Potchefstroom, South Africa, 2520"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John R.","family":"Bunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North-West University , , ,","place":["Potchefstroom, South Africa, 2520"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5295-2095","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christien A.","family":"Strydom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North-West University , , ,","place":["Potchefstroom, South Africa, 2520"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harold H.","family":"Schobert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Penn State University , , , ,","place":["University Park, Pennsylvania, United States, 16802"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romanus","family":"Uwaoma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North-West University , , ,","place":["Potchefstroom, South Africa, 2520"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090209323543600_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coal.2009.02.004","article-title":"Occurrence of non-mineral inorganic\nelements in macerals of low-rank coals","volume":"81","author":"Li","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int.\nJ. 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Ph.D. Thesis, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences,\nNorth-West University, Potchefstroom, 2009; Vol. 53\u201354, p 83."},{"key":"2026090209323543600_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3199(93)90139-2","article-title":"Coal gasification\ngas cleanup","volume":"18","author":"O\u0308zum","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int. J. 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H.\n          \n          Sintering and\nSlagging of Mineral Matter in South African Coals during the Coal\nGasification Process. Ph.D. Thesis; University of Pretoria, Pretoria,\nSouth Africa, 2008; pp 96\u2013102."},{"key":"2026090209323543600_cit48","first-page":"226","volume-title":"The Chemistry of Coal","author":"Berkowitz","year":"1985"},{"key":"2026090209323543600_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4255","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.energyfuels.5b00674","article-title":"Reduction of caking propensity in\nlarge (mm sized)\nSouth African coal particles with potassium carbonate impregnation\nto expand fixed and fluidised bed gasification feedstock suitability","volume":"29","author":"Coetzee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Energy Fuels"},{"key":"2026090209323543600_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6197","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.energyfuels.5b00914","article-title":"The influence\nof potassium carbonate on the swelling propensity of South African\nlarge coal particles","volume":"29","author":"Coetzee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Energy Fuels"},{"key":"2026090209323543600_cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-3820(90)90056-X","article-title":"Effects of organic\nsulfur content on thermolysis and\nhydrogenolysis of lignites","volume":"24","author":"Garcia","year":"1990","journal-title":"Fuel Process. Technol."},{"key":"2026090209323543600_cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-2361(90)90001-7","article-title":"Direct\ndetermination and quantification\nof sulphur forms in heavy petroleum and coals: 1. The X-ray photoelectron\nspectroscopy (XPS) approach","volume":"69","author":"Kelemen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"2026090209323543600_cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02072864","article-title":"Solubility of particulate cadmium\nsulphide at pH = 1\u201314: Radiotracer study","volume":"111","author":"Van Ho\u0308vell","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Radioanal. Nucl. 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Consult."}],"container-title":["ACS Omega"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsomega.8b01359","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/3\/10\/14201\/67768471\/acsomega.8b01359.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/3\/10\/14201\/67768471\/acsomega.8b01359.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T13:32:47Z","timestamp":1788355967000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article\/3\/10\/14201\/1743148\/In-Situ-Capturing-and-Absorption-of-Sulfur-Gases"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,26]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,31]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.8b01359","relation":{},"ISSN":["2470-1343"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2470-1343","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,26]]}}}