{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T14:28:19Z","timestamp":1788532099091,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]],"date-time":"2018-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538352000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/page\/policy\/authorchoice_termsofuse.html"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"FP Innovations"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A high-performance semiconductor zinc oxide (ZnO) on melamine formaldehyde-coated cellulose nanocrystals (MFCNCs) was synthesized and evaluated for its application in smart cosmetics. These ZnO@MFCNC hybrid nanostructures were evaluated for their in vitro sun protection factor performance and photocatalytic activity under simulated UV and solar radiation. The photodegradation kinetics of a model pigment (methylene blue) was fitted to the Langmuir\u2013Hinshelwood model. A 4-fold increase in the photocatalytic activity of ZnO@MFCNCs was observed when compared to pure ZnO. This is associated with (i) increased specific surface area provided by the MFCNC template, (ii) confined surface energy and controlled growth of ZnO nanoparticles, and (iii) entrapment of photoinduced charge carriers in the pores of the core\u2013shell MFCNC rod, followed by fast promotion of interfacial e-charge transfer to the surface of the catalyst. The present study demonstrates how an increase in photocatalytic activity can be engineered without the introduction of structural defects or band gap tailoring of the semiconductor. The aqueous-based ZnO@MFCNC hybrid system displayed attractive UV-absorption and photocatalytic characteristics, offering the conversion of this renewable and sustainable technology into intelligent cosmetic formulations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.8b01881","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]],"date-time":"2018-10-01T13:06:42Z","timestamp":1538399202000},"page":"12403-12411","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Cellulose Nanocrystal\u2013ZnO Nanohybrids for Controlling\nPhotocatalytic Activity and UV Protection in Cosmetic Formulation"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Fatima","family":"Awan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Waterloo , , 200 University Avenue West , , ,","place":["Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, N2L 3G1"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Shahidul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Waterloo , , 200 University Avenue West , , ,","place":["Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, N2L 3G1"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeyu","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Waterloo , , 200 University Avenue West , , ,","place":["Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, N2L 3G1"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cindy","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Waterloo , , 200 University Avenue West , , ,","place":["Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, N2L 3G1"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zengqian","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Waterloo , , 200 University Avenue West , , ,","place":["Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, N2L 3G1"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard M.","family":"Berry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CelluForce Inc. , 625, Pre\u0301sident-Kennedy Avenue , , ,","place":["Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3A 1K2"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7603-5635","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kam C.","family":"Tam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Waterloo , , 200 University Avenue West , , ,","place":["Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, N2L 3G1"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090409142701000_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat2477","article-title":"Engineering\nLight Absorption in Semiconductor Nanowire\nDevices","volume":"8","author":"Cao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. 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Dermatol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026090409142701000_cit200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1080\/09670269600651511","article-title":"Sensitivity\nof intertidal and subtidal red algae to UVA and UVB radiation, as\nmonitored by Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements: Influence of collection\ndepth and season, and length of irradiation","volume":"31","author":"Dring","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Phycol."},{"key":"2026090409142701000_cit31","first-page":"121","article-title":"Determination\nof\nsun protection factor (SPF) of sunscreens by ultraviolet spectrophotometry","volume":"61","author":"Mansur","year":"1986","journal-title":"An. Bras. Dermatol."},{"key":"2026090409142701000_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.1979.tb07090.x","article-title":"A Comparison of in\nVivo and in Vitro Testing of Sunscreening Formulas","volume":"29","author":"Sayre","year":"1979","journal-title":"Photochem. 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Catal., B"},{"key":"2026090409142701000_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.desal.2011.10.036","article-title":"Effective\nphotocatalytic decolorization\nof methyl orange utilizing TiO2\/ZnO\/chitosan nanocomposite films under\nsimulated solar irradiation","volume":"286","author":"Zhu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Desalination"},{"key":"2026090409142701000_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80086","DOI":"10.1039\/c6ra10472j","article-title":"Visible Light\nAssisted Improved Photocatalytic\nActivity of Combustion Synthesized Spongy-ZnO towards Dye Degradation\nand Bacterial Inactivation","volume":"6","author":"Adhikari","year":"2016","journal-title":"RSC Adv."}],"container-title":["ACS Omega"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsomega.8b01881","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/3\/10\/12403\/68375246\/acsomega.8b01881.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/3\/10\/12403\/68375246\/acsomega.8b01881.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T14:05:51Z","timestamp":1788530751000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article\/3\/10\/12403\/745218\/Cellulose-Nanocrystal-ZnO-Nanohybrids-for"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,31]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.8b01881","relation":{},"ISSN":["2470-1343"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2470-1343","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]]}}}