{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T04:40:55Z","timestamp":1793162455387,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541030400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/page\/policy\/authorchoice_termsofuse.html"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006228","name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["4000154999"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4000154999"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006228","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000147","name":"Division of Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1253269"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1253269"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000147","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Stainless steel is a ubiquitous structural material and one that finds extensive use in core-internal components in nuclear power plants. Stainless steel features superior corrosion resistance (e.g., as compared to ordinary steel) due to the formation of passivating iron and\/or chromium oxides on its surfaces. However, the breakdown of such passivating oxide films, e.g., due to localized deformation and slip line formation following exposure to radiation, or aggressive ions renders stainless steel susceptible to corrosion-related degradation. Herein, the effects of alkali cations (i.e., K+, Li+) and the interactions between the passivated steel surface and the solution are examined using 304L stainless steel. Scanning electrochemical microscopy and atomic force microscopy are used to examine the inert-to-reactive transition of the steel surface both in the native state and in the presence of applied potentials. Careful analysis of interaction forces, in solution, within \u226410 nm of the steel surface, reveals that the interaction between the hydrated alkali cations and the substrate affects the structure of the electrical double layer (EDL). As a result, a higher surface reactivity is indicated in the presence of Li+ relative to K+ due to the effects of the former species in disrupting the EDL. These findings provide new insights into the role of the water chemistry not only on affecting metallic corrosion but also in other applications, such as batteries and electrochemical devices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.8b02227","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T14:57:36Z","timestamp":1541084256000},"page":"14680-14688","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Revealing How Alkali Cations Affect the Surface Reactivity\nof Stainless Steel in Alkaline Aqueous Environments"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Rachel Guia P.","family":"Giron","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Los Angeles , , 420 Westwood Plaza , , ,","place":["Los Angeles, California, United States, 90095"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Los Angeles , , 420 Westwood Plaza , , ,","place":["Los Angeles, California, United States, 90095"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5273-9523","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Erika Callagon","family":"La Plante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Los Angeles , , 420 Westwood Plaza , , ,","place":["Los Angeles, California, United States, 90095"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maxim N.","family":"Gussev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory , , 1 Bethel Valley Road , , ,","place":["Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States, 37831"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith J.","family":"Leonard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory , , 1 Bethel Valley Road , , ,","place":["Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States, 37831"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1124-5498","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gaurav","family":"Sant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Los Angeles , , 420 Westwood Plaza , , ,","place":["Los Angeles, California, United States, 90095"]},{"name":"University of California, Los Angeles , , 410 Westwood Plaza , , ,","place":["Los Angeles, California, United States, 90095"]},{"name":"University of California, Los Angeles , , 570 Westwood Plaza , , ,","place":["Los Angeles, California, United States, 90095"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090408072943500_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3115(94)90020-5","article-title":"Microstructural and Microchemical Mechanisms Controlling\nIntergranular Stress Corrosion Cracking in Light-Water-Reactor Systems","volume":"216","author":"Bruemmer","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. 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Technol."},{"key":"2026090408072943500_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevX.6.011007","article-title":"Determination of\nSurface Potential and Electrical Double-Layer\nStructure at the Aqueous Electrolyte-Nanoparticle Interface","volume":"6","author":"Brown","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. X"},{"key":"2026090408072943500_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9797(71)90277-3","article-title":"Competitive Adsorption of Ions and\nNeutral Molecules in the Stern Layer on Silver Iodide and Its Effect\non Colloid Stability","volume":"37","author":"Vincent","year":"1971","journal-title":"J. Colloid. 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Nanotechnol."},{"key":"2026090408072943500_cit55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1039\/C4FD00276H","article-title":"Determination of the Local Corrosion Rate of Magnesium\nAlloys Using a Shear Force Mounted Scanning Microcapillary Method","volume":"180","author":"Dauphin-Ducharme","year":"2015","journal-title":"Faraday Discuss."}],"container-title":["ACS Omega"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsomega.8b02227","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/3\/11\/14680\/68369305\/acsomega.8b02227.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/3\/11\/14680\/68369305\/acsomega.8b02227.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T14:04:49Z","timestamp":1788530689000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article\/3\/11\/14680\/749845\/Revealing-How-Alkali-Cations-Affect-the-Surface"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.8b02227","relation":{},"ISSN":["2470-1343"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2470-1343","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]]}}}