{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T20:04:48Z","timestamp":1790625888372,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,16]],"date-time":"2019-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1565913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/page\/policy\/authorchoice_termsofuse.html"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11621505"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11621505"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21425522"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21425522"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21727817"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21727817"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31670976"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31670976"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31700874"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31700874"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009592","name":"Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Z171100000417008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z171100000417008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009592","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/na","name":"Beijing Municipal","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IDHT20180504"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IDHT20180504"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/na","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Chronic inflammation and progressive bone damage in joints are two main pathological features of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We have synthesized a gold cluster with glutathione (Au29SG27) (named GA) that can effectively suppress both inflammation and bone damage in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in rats. Thus, gold clusters showed great potential for the therapy of RA. However, the optimal therapeutic dose remaining has to be determined. Therapeutic effect and safety are largely relying on drug dosage. Specifying the dose-dependent effects of GA on both therapy and biosafety can facilitate its clinical transformation research. Therefore, in this study, we comprehensively evaluated the dose-dependent efficacy of GA on the 30-day toxicity and RA treatment in rats. Results showed that continuous intraperitoneal injection of GA at a dose of 15 mg\/kg (Au content) for 30 days resulted in slight hematological abnormalities and increases on organ coefficients of kidney and adrenal gland, while 10 mg Au\/kg did not cause any obvious toxicity and side effects. In the treatment of CIA rats, only when the dose of GA reached 5 mg Au\/kg, the symptoms of RA could be significantly improved. With regard to the histopathological analysis, although a lower dose of GA can suppress inflammation and bone damage to some extent, only the 5 mg Au\/kg treatment could restore them to a state close to the normal control group. Therefore, we infer that 5 mg Au\/kg is the optimal dose of GA for RA therapy in rats, which provides a theoretical basis for further preclinical research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.9b02003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,16]],"date-time":"2019-08-16T08:46:41Z","timestamp":1565945201000},"page":"14092-14099","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Dose-Dependent Efficacy of Gold Clusters on Rheumatoid\nArthritis Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Qing","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing University of Technology , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100124"]},{"name":"Beijing University of Technology , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100124"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100049"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengju","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100049"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhesheng","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100049"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0287-9763","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fuping","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100049"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2032-1111","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jinsong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anhui Agricultural University , , , ,","place":["Hefei, Anhui, PR China, 230036"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2267-9945","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xueyun","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing University of Technology , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100124"]},{"name":"Beijing University of Technology , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100124"]},{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100049"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090209571380800_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2023","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30173-8","article-title":"Rheumatoid\narthritis","volume":"388","author":"Smolen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026090209571380800_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01661","article-title":"Evolving\nconcepts of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"423","author":"Firestein","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026090209571380800_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.3109\/s10165-005-0412-z","article-title":"Mechanisms of bone loss in rheumatoid\narthritis","volume":"15","author":"Findlay","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mod. Rheumatol."},{"key":"2026090209571380800_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kes259","article-title":"Osteoclast migration, differentiation\nand function: novel therapeutic\ntargets for rheumatic diseases","volume":"52","author":"Kikuta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rheumatol."},{"key":"2026090209571380800_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-003-1208-2","article-title":"Chrysotherapy:\na synoptic review","volume":"52","author":"Eisler","year":"2003","journal-title":"Inflammation Res."},{"key":"2026090209571380800_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-3623(96)00419-3","article-title":"The mechanisms\nof action of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: a review with\nemphasis on macrophage signal transduction and the induction of proinflammatory\ncytokines","volume":"29","author":"Bondeson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gen. Pharmacol."},{"key":"2026090209571380800_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/36.5.560","article-title":"Auranofin","volume":"36","author":"Kean","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br. J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"2026090209571380800_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02259608","article-title":"Gold salts\ninhibit osteoclastic bone resorption in vitro","volume":"45","author":"Hall","year":"1996","journal-title":"Inflammation Res."},{"key":"2026090209571380800_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780331001","article-title":"The comparative\nefficacy and toxicity\nof second-line drugs in rheumatoid arthritis. Results of two metaanalyses","volume":"33","author":"Felson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"2026090209571380800_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780351003","article-title":"Use of short-term efficacy\/toxicity\ntradeoffs to select second-line drugs in rheumatoid arthritis. A metaanalysis\nof published clinical trials","volume":"35","author":"Felson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"2026090209571380800_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12095","DOI":"10.1039\/C6NR02750D","article-title":"Peptide protected gold clusters:\nchemical synthesis\nand biomedical applications","volume":"8","author":"Yuan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"2026090209571380800_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5143","DOI":"10.1039\/C3CC47512C","article-title":"Engineering ultrasmall water-soluble\ngold and silver nanoclusters for biomedical applications","volume":"50","author":"Luo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"2026090209571380800_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.8b00065","article-title":"Toward Total Synthesis\nof Thiolate-Protected Metal Nanoclusters","volume":"51","author":"Yao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acc.\nChem. Res."},{"key":"2026090209571380800_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6904","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.7b02035","article-title":"Antimicrobial Gold\nNanoclusters","volume":"11","author":"Zheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2026090209571380800_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4029","DOI":"10.1021\/nl202559p","article-title":"Gold Nanoparticles:\nA Revival in Precious Metal Administration to Patients","volume":"11","author":"Thakor","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"2026090209571380800_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1801671","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.201801671","article-title":"Au Clusters Treat Rheumatoid\nArthritis with Uniquely Reversing Cartilage\/Bone Destruction","volume":"6","author":"Gao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. 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Cells, Nanomed., Biotechnol."},{"key":"2026090209571380800_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2019.02.002","article-title":"Antioxidant\neffects of gold nanoparticles on early stage of collagen-induced arthritis\nin rats","volume":"124","author":"Kirdaite","year":"2019","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"2026090209571380800_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-210715","article-title":"EULAR recommendations\nfor the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic and biological\ndisease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: 2016 update","volume":"76","author":"Smolen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. 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Med."}],"container-title":["ACS Omega"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsomega.9b02003","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/4\/9\/14092\/67778153\/acsomega.9b02003.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/4\/9\/14092\/67778153\/acsomega.9b02003.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T13:57:21Z","timestamp":1788357441000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article\/4\/9\/14092\/796015\/Dose-Dependent-Efficacy-of-Gold-Clusters-on"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,16]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,27]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.9b02003","relation":{},"ISSN":["2470-1343"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2470-1343","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,16]]}}}