{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T06:16:10Z","timestamp":1791526570796,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,24]],"date-time":"2019-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/page\/policy\/authorchoice_termsofuse.html"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 107-2113-M-010-005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 107-2113-M-010-005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005866","name":"Far Eastern Memorial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["108DN31"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["108DN31"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005866","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007784","name":"National Yang Ming University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["108DN31"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["108DN31"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007784","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/na","name":"School of Medicine, National Yang Ming University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["107F-M01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["107F-M01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/na","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Genistin and its aglycone genistein of isoflavone are naturally occurring in plants. The aim of this study is to develop an experimental animal model of enterohepatic circulation to investigate the metabolic biotransformation of genistin and genistein in rats. A paired-rat model was developed in which the drug was administered intravenously to the donor rat whose bile duct was cannulated into the duodenum of the untreated recipient rat. The blood sample was collected from the jugular vein of the donor and recipient rats after genistin administration. The results demonstrate that genistein was detected in both the donor and recipient rats after genistein administration (50 mg\/kg, iv) in the donor rat, which suggested that the enterohepatic circulation of genistein occurred. The same phenomenon happened again in the biotransformation after genistin administration (50 mg\/kg, iv) in the donor rat. Genistein was detected in the recipient rat\u2019s blood sample after treatment with \u03b2-glucuronidase, which suggested that enzymatic hydrolysis occurred in the transformation of genistin into genistein. In conclusion, the research revealed the metabolic pathway of the glucuronidation of genistin into genistein.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.9b02762","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,24]],"date-time":"2019-10-24T15:07:48Z","timestamp":1571929668000},"page":"18428-18433","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Enterohepatic Circulation and Pharmacokinetics of\nGenistin and Genistein in Rats"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Ya-Yu","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Yang-Ming University , , ,","place":["Taipei, Taiwan, 112"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9007-2547","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tung-Hu","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Yang-Ming University , , ,","place":["Taipei, Taiwan, 112"]},{"name":"China Medical University , , ,","place":["Taichung, Taiwan, 40402"]},{"name":"Kaohsiung Medical University , , ,","place":["Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 807"]},{"name":"National United University , , ,","place":["Miaoli, Taiwan, 36063"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090210004098000_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0098559","article-title":"Isolation of antiosteoporotic compounds\nfrom seeds\nof Sophora japonica","volume":"9","author":"Abdallah","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026090210004098000_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24010093","article-title":"Associated-Extraction\nEfficiency of Six Cyclodextrins on Various Flavonoids in Puerariae Lobatae Radix","volume":"24","author":"Feng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"2026090210004098000_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.12.050","article-title":"Comparing\nmorphological, chemical and anti-diabetic characteristics of Puerariae Lobatae Radix and Puerariae Thomsonii Radix","volume":"164","author":"Wong","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"2026090210004098000_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.088484","article-title":"Isoflavone supplement composition\nand equol producer status affect gene expression in adipose tissue:\na double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial in\npostmenopausal women","volume":"100","author":"van der Velpen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"2026090210004098000_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23081862","article-title":"A Comprehensive Screening and Identification\nof Genistin Metabolites\nin Rats Based on Multiple Metabolite Templates Combined with UHPLC-HRMS\nAnalysis","volume":"23","author":"Liang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"2026090210004098000_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1021\/jf204421c","article-title":"Absorption\nand plasma disposition\nof genistin differ from those of genistein in healthy women","volume":"60","author":"Yuan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"2026090210004098000_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.114.190801","article-title":"Malonylglucoside conjugates of isoflavones\nare much less bioavailable compared with unconjugated \u03b2-glucosidic\nforms in rats","volume":"144","author":"Yerramsetty","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"2026090210004098000_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/127.7.1260","article-title":"Intestinal uptake and\nbiliary excretion of the isoflavone genistein in rats","volume":"127","author":"Sfakianos","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"2026090210004098000_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-200241100-00005","article-title":"Enterohepatic circulation","volume":"41","author":"Roberts","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacokinet."},{"key":"2026090210004098000_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2012.07.015","article-title":"Simultaneous determination\nand pharmacokinetic study of six flavonoids from Fructus Sophorae\nextract in rat plasma by LC\u2013MS\/MS","volume":"904","author":"Chang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J.\nChromatogr. B: Biomed. Sci. 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Pharmacol."},{"key":"2026090210004098000_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(99)00598-6","article-title":"Enterohepatic circulation of chloramphenicol\nand its glucuronide in the rat by microdialysis using a hepato-duodenal\nshunt","volume":"66","author":"Tsai","year":"1999","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"2026090210004098000_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2007.08.052","article-title":"Hepatobiliary\nexcretion and enterohepatic circulation of colchicine in rats","volume":"350","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"2026090210004098000_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8006","DOI":"10.1021\/jf060783t","article-title":"Bioavailability\nof genistein and its glycoside genistin as measured in the portal\nvein of freely moving unanesthetized rats","volume":"54","author":"Steensma","year":"2006","journal-title":"J.\nAgric. Food Chem."},{"key":"2026090210004098000_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.31.5.670","article-title":"Glucuronidation\nactivity of the UGT2B17 enzyme toward xenobiotics","volume":"31","author":"Turgeon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Dispos."},{"key":"2026090210004098000_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.3109\/00498254.2013.783724","article-title":"A high\nthroughput assay for the glucuronidation of 7-hydroxy-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin\nby recombinant human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases and liver microsomes","volume":"43","author":"Rahikainen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Xenobiotica"},{"key":"2026090210004098000_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3764","DOI":"10.1021\/jf9902651","article-title":"Quantification of soy isoflavones,\ngenistein and daidzein, and conjugates in rat blood using LC\/ES-MS","volume":"47","author":"Holder","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Agric. 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