{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T21:32:55Z","timestamp":1793395975895,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"26","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,11]],"date-time":"2019-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576022400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/page\/policy\/authorchoice_termsofuse.html"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000923","name":"Australian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FT140101152"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FT140101152"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Magnesium-based alloys are the most widely used materials for degradable metallic implants and have considerable potential for bone applications owing to their excellent stimulating effect on osteogenesis. However, their high corrosion rate limits their structural stability and causes oxygen deficiency and an excessive increase in the pH around the defect area during bone healing. Magnesium oxides, which are the main corrosion products of Mg, are nontoxic materials with useful effects on new bone formation and pH neutralization. Metal\u2013phenolic networks were introduced recently as a cost-effective and efficient surface modifier and were fabricated by deposition of nanosized metal oxides on different types of substrates using the chemical reaction between phenolic groups and metallic ions. In this study, magnesium oxide films were formed successfully on a Mg-based substrate using Mg\u2013phenolic networks. The effects of various coating parameters on the surface morphology, corrosion resistance, degradation behavior, wettability, and osteocompatibility of degradable metallic materials after surface modification with Mg\u2013phenolic networks were thoroughly investigated for the first time. The results showed that the initial concentration of Mg ions was the main parameter affecting the corrosion resistance, which was almost as much as 3 times that of uncoated samples. Additionally, cytotoxicity and viability assessment and observation of the morphological changes in bonelike cells showed that the in vitro osteocompatibility was significantly enhanced by coatings with Mg concentrations of 2.4\u20133.6 mg mL\u20131. Finally, in vivo animal studies using the rat calvarial defect model confirmed that the proposed coating method mitigated the formation of gas cavities around the implantation area by reducing the corrosion rate of the Mg-based implant. The nanosized metal oxides produced by the Mg\u2013phenolic network significantly improved the biodegradability and osteocompatibility of Mg alloys, suggesting a potential approach to advancing the clinical application of Mg alloys.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.9b02976","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,11]],"date-time":"2019-12-11T09:12:44Z","timestamp":1576055564000},"page":"21931-21944","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Mg\u2013Phenolic\nNetwork Strategy for Enhancing\nCorrosion Resistance and Osteocompatibility of Degradable Magnesium\nAlloys"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6358-3624","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Asgari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland University of Technology , , , ,","place":["Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, 4059"]},{"name":"Queensland University of Technology , , , ,","place":["Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, 4000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland University of Technology , , , ,","place":["Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, 4059"]},{"name":"Queensland University of Technology , , , ,","place":["Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, 4059"]},{"name":"Queensland University of Technology , , , ,","place":["Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, 4000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 510140"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhentao","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest Institute for Non-ferrous Metal Research , , ,","place":["Xi\u2019an, China, 710016"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7026-4795","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Prasad K. D. V.","family":"Yarlagadda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland University of Technology , , , ,","place":["Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, 4059"]},{"name":"Queensland University of Technology , , , ,","place":["Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, 4000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yin","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland University of Technology , , , ,","place":["Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, 4059"]},{"name":"Queensland University of Technology , , , ,","place":["Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, 4059"]},{"name":"Queensland University of Technology , , , ,","place":["Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, 4000"]},{"name":"Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 510140"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6814-9165","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhiyong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland University of Technology , , , ,","place":["Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, 4059"]},{"name":"Queensland University of Technology , , , ,","place":["Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, 4000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026091508272688800_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201500189","article-title":"Recent Advances\nin Biodegradable Metals for Medical Sutures: A Critical Review","volume":"4","author":"Seitz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. 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Sci."},{"key":"2026091508272688800_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep10719","article-title":"Development\nof biodegradable Zn-1X\nbinary alloys with nutrient alloying elements Mg, Ca and Sr","volume":"5","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2026091508272688800_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/JBBTE.12.25","article-title":"Biodegradable Magnesium\nAlloys: A Review of Material\nDevelopment and Applications","volume":"12","author":"Persaud-Sharma","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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Technol."},{"key":"2026091508272688800_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-78242-078-1.00004-9","article-title":"Physical Vapour\nDeposition on Mg Alloys for Biomedical Applications","volume-title":"Surface Modification of Magnesium and Its Alloys for\nBiomedical Applications","author":"Abela","year":"2015"},{"key":"2026091508272688800_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2017.08.017","article-title":"Anodization of magnesium for biomedical\napplications \u2013 Processing, characterization, degradation and\ncytocompatibility","volume":"62","author":"Cipriano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"2026091508272688800_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kotoka, R.; Worthy, A.; Clinard, E.; Pai, D.; Sankar, J.; Yarmolenko, S. 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Alloys Compd."},{"key":"2026091508272688800_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6092","DOI":"10.3390\/ma7086092","article-title":"Influence\nof Zeolite Coating on the Corrosion Resistance of AZ91D Magnesium\nAlloy","volume":"7","author":"Banerjee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"2026091508272688800_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4235","DOI":"10.1016\/S1452-3981(23)19534-4","article-title":"Corrosion\nbehavior of magnesium in naturally aerated stagnant seawater and 3.5%\nsodium chloride solutions","volume":"7","author":"Sherif","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Electrochem.\nSci."},{"key":"2026091508272688800_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-605X\/aa78c0","article-title":"Microwave-assisted\nmagnesium phosphate coating on the AZ31 magnesium alloy","volume":"12","author":"Ren","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed. 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Rep."},{"key":"2026091508272688800_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8662","DOI":"10.1039\/c2jm16141a","article-title":"Bone regeneration:\nimportance of\nlocal pH\u2500strontium-doped borosilicate scaffold","volume":"22","author":"Shen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem."},{"key":"2026091508272688800_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.3390\/met7110481","article-title":"Development of a\nnovel degradation-controlled magnesium-based regeneration membrane\nfor future guided bone regeneration (GBR) therapy","volume":"7","author":"Lin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Metals"},{"key":"2026091508272688800_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2013.06.031","article-title":"Biomimetic\ncoating of magnesium alloy for enhanced corrosion resistance and calcium\nphosphate deposition","volume":"9","author":"Cui","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"2026091508272688800_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-78242-077-4.00002-4","volume-title":"Surface Modification\nof Magnesium and Its Alloys for Biomedical Applications: Modification\nand Coating Techniques","author":"Narayanan","year":"2015"},{"key":"2026091508272688800_cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1177\/2280800017750359","article-title":"In vitro and in\nvivo assessment of biomedical Mg\u2013Ca\nalloys for bone implant applications","volume":"16","author":"Makkar","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Appl.\nBiomater. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"2026091508272688800_cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1718","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mseb.2011.06.005","article-title":"Dynamic behaviors of\na Ca\u2013P coated AZ31B magnesium alloy during in vitro and in\nvivo degradations","volume":"176","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng., B"},{"key":"2026091508272688800_cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmst.2013.03.019","article-title":"Comparative in vitro Study on Pure\nMetals (Fe, Mn, Mg, Zn and W) as Biodegradable Metals","volume":"29","author":"Cheng","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026091508272688800_cit54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5257","DOI":"10.1590\/1414-431x20165257","article-title":"Effect\nof magnesium ion on human osteoblast activity","volume":"49","author":"He","year":"2016","journal-title":"Braz. J. Med. Biol. 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