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However, the detailed mechanism of DNA compaction\/decompaction caused by surfactants remains an open and challenging problem that has not been fully solved so far. In this paper, a sort of novel solid substrate, nanoPAA-ZnCl2-AuLs, with good stability and high sensitivity, was prepared by a self-assembly method. Based on this substrate, the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technology was employed to investigate characteristics of interactions between DNA molecules and surfactants at a single molecular level. SERS spectra of calf thymus DNA (ctDNA), cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) with a concentration as low as 10\u20139 M, and SERS spectra of ctDNA\u2013CTAB and ctDNA\u2013CTAB\u2013SDS composites were collected, respectively. The interactions between ctDNA and surfactants were analyzed by changes in SERS spectra, for example, disappearances and appearances of SERS bands and relative changes of peak intensity, in which CTAB resulted in the compaction of the DNA molecule while SDS induced the decompaction of the ctDNA\u2013CTAB complex. Moreover, UV\u2013visible spectrophotometry was employed to demonstrate the compaction\/decompaction of ctDNA molecules caused by surfactants. The local binding modes of ctDNA molecules and surfactant molecules were expounded. This work will be helpful for understanding biological processes such as DNA compaction and recombination within nucleus or\/and cells and for the development of gene therapy technologies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.9b03294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,7]],"date-time":"2020-01-07T12:51:41Z","timestamp":1578401501000},"page":"1109-1119","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Label-Free Detecting of the Compaction and Decompaction\nof ctDNA Molecules Induced by Surfactants with SERS Based on a nanoPAA-ZnCl2-AuLs Solid Substrate"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Bojuan","family":"Hao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest University , , ,","place":["Xi\u2019an, China, 710069"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6221-9954","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kaige","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest University , , ,","place":["Xi\u2019an, China, 710069"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukun","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest University , , ,","place":["Xi\u2019an, China, 710069"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaofan","family":"Sui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest University , , ,","place":["Xi\u2019an, China, 710069"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xi\u2019an Institute of Applied Optics , ,","place":["Xi\u2019an, China, 710065"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ren","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xi\u2019an International University , , ,","place":["Xi\u2019an, China, 710077"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaojin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xi\u2019an Institute of Applied Optics , ,","place":["Xi\u2019an, China, 710065"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090205101497500_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6112","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5b00795","article-title":"Light-Triggered, Self-Immolative\nNucleic Acid-Drug Nanostructures","volume":"137","author":"Tan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem.\nSoc."},{"key":"2026090205101497500_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.14203","article-title":"DNA Nanotechnology\nfor Cancer Therapy","volume":"6","author":"Kumar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"2026090205101497500_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1021\/cr800409e","article-title":"Nonviral Vectors for Gene Delivery","volume":"109","author":"Mintzer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chem. 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Rep."},{"key":"2026090205101497500_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5920","DOI":"10.1039\/c5nr06771e","article-title":"SERS activity with tenfold detection\nlimit optimization on a type\nof nanoporous AAO-based complex multilayer substrate","volume":"8","author":"Sui","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"2026090205101497500_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.3390\/polym9030093","article-title":"Au Nanoparticles\nImmobilized on Honeycomb-Like\nPolymeric Films for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) Detection","volume":"9","author":"Chiang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"key":"2026090205101497500_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2016.08.036","article-title":"Synthesis\nand photoluminescence enhancement\nof nano-PAA-ZnCl2 with controllable dimension and morphology","volume":"390","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"2026090205101497500_cit31","article-title":"A Novel Multilayer Composite Nanostructure for Single-Molecule\nSERS\nDetection","author":"Sui"},{"key":"2026090205101497500_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4909","DOI":"10.1039\/c7cs00809k","article-title":"Direct surface-enhanced Raman scattering\n(SERS) spectroscopy of nucleic acids: from fundamental studies to\nreal-life applications","volume":"47","author":"Garcia-Rico","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. 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Raman Spectrosc."},{"key":"2026090205101497500_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1039\/c0an00070a","article-title":"Interaction\nof cationic surfactants with DNA detected by spectroscopic and acoustic\nwave techniques","volume":"135","author":"Hianik","year":"2010","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"2026090205101497500_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-6028(83)90065-1","article-title":"A surface-enhanced Raman scattering\nstudy of CTAB adsorption on copper","volume":"134","author":"Dendramis","year":"1983","journal-title":"Surf. 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Electroanal.\nChem."},{"key":"2026090205101497500_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1080\/10643389.2017.1309186","article-title":"Utilization of UV-Vis\nspectroscopy and related data analyses for\ndissolved organic matter (DOM) studies: A review","volume":"47","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. 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