{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T18:25:48Z","timestamp":1793816748835,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,22]],"date-time":"2020-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587513600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/page\/policy\/authorchoice_termsofuse.html"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21764011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21764011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011501","name":"QingHai Department of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020-HZ-808"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-HZ-808"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011501","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/na","name":"Kunlun Scholar Award Program of Qinghai Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/na","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/na","name":"Thousand Talents Program of Qinghai Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/na","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In this work, ethylene glycol-modified melamine\u2013formaldehyde resin (EMF) was synthesized from ethylene glycol, paraformaldehyde, and melamine, and then rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs) were prepared using EMF, polyols and polyisocyanate. The effects of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) on the flame retardancy, mechanical properties, thermal stability, and morphology of the prepared RPUFs were studied. It is shown that the flame-retardant performance of EMF-filled RPUFs can be enhanced by the addition of APP and DMMP. Thus, APP and DMMP can synergistically improve the flame retardancy of RPUFs. APP has good smoke suppression, while DMMP can increase the total smoke production and CO\/CO2 weight ratio during the combustion of RPUFs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.9b03659","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,22]],"date-time":"2020-04-22T20:10:05Z","timestamp":1587586205000},"page":"9658-9667","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["Preparation of Flame-Retardant Rigid Polyurethane\nFoams by Combining Modified Melamine\u2013Formaldehyde Resin and\nPhosphorus Flame Retardants"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Heng","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"East China University of Science and Technology , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200237"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7003-5255","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shiai","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"East China University of Science and Technology , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200237"]},{"name":"Qinghai University , , ,","place":["Xining, China, 810016"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090209225096600_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4628(19980418)68:3&lt;509::AID-APP17&gt;3.0.CO;2-P","article-title":"Development of a\nrigid polyurethane foam from palm\noil","volume":"68","author":"Chian","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. 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Mater."},{"key":"2026090209225096600_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10853-016-0713-y","article-title":"The synthesis\nof melamine-based polyether polyol and\nits effects on the flame retardancy and physical-mechanical property\nof rigid polyurethane foam","volume":"52","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mater. 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Mater."},{"key":"2026090209225096600_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1002\/fam.810","article-title":"An investigation\ninto the mechanism of flame retardancy and smoke suppression by melamine\nin flexible polyurethane foam","volume":"26","author":"Price","year":"2002","journal-title":"Fire Mater."},{"key":"2026090209225096600_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/s10973-016-5356-3","article-title":"Smoke and\ntoxicity suppression properties of ferrites on flame-retardant polyurethane-polyisocyanurate\nfoams filled with phosphonate","volume":"125","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Therm. Anal.\nCalorim."},{"key":"2026090209225096600_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4956","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.200601291","article-title":"New Light on an Old\nStory: Formation of Melam during\nThermal Condensation of Melamine","volume":"13","author":"Lotsch","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chem. \u2013\nEur. J."},{"key":"2026090209225096600_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymdegradstab.2016.12.004","article-title":"Coated vs. naked\nred phosphorus: A comparative study\non their fire retardancy and smoke suppression for rigid polyurethane\nfoams","volume":"136","author":"Cao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Polym. Degrad. Stab."},{"key":"2026090209225096600_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1007\/s10086-013-1350-6","article-title":"The fire-retardant\nproperties of\nthe melamine-modified urea-formaldehyde resins mixed with ammonium\npolyphosphate","volume":"59","author":"Ma","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Wood. Sci."},{"key":"2026090209225096600_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00767897","article-title":"Influence of the\nmelamine content\nin melamine-urea-formaldehyde resins on formaldehyde emission and\ncured resin structure","volume":"47","author":"Tohmura","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Wood. 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