{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T06:15:32Z","timestamp":1792044932041,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,23]],"date-time":"2021-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616457600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,23]],"date-time":"2021-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616457600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,23]],"date-time":"2021-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616457600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Mescaline is a naturally occurring psychoactive alkaloid that has been used as a sacrament by Indigenous populations in spiritual ritual and healing ceremonies for millennia. Despite promising early preliminary research and favorable anecdotal reports, there is limited research investigating mescaline\u2019s psychotherapeutic potential. We administered an anonymous online questionnaire to adults (N = 452) reporting use of mescaline in naturalistic settings about mental health benefits attributed to mescaline. We assessed respondents\u2019 self-reported improvements in depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and alcohol and drug use disorders (AUD and DUD). Of the respondents reporting histories of these clinical conditions, most (68\u201386%) reported subjective improvement following their most memorable mescaline experience. Respondents who reported an improvement in their psychiatric conditions reported significantly higher ratings of acute psychological factors including mystical-type, psychological insight, and ego dissolution effects compared to those who did not report improvements (Cohen\u2019s d range 0.7 \u2013 1.5). Many respondents (35\u201350%) rated the mescaline experience as the single or top five most spiritually significant or meaningful experience(s) of their lives. Acute experiences of psychological insight during their mescaline experience were associated with increased odds of reporting improvement in depression, anxiety, AUD and DUD. Additional research is needed to corroborate these preliminary findings and to rigorously examine the efficacy of mescaline for psychiatric treatment in controlled, longitudinal clinical trials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsptsci.1c00018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,23]],"date-time":"2021-03-23T12:30:29Z","timestamp":1616502629000},"page":"543-552","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["Naturalistic Use of Mescaline Is Associated with Self-Reported\nPsychiatric Improvements and Enduring Positive Life Changes"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9754-229X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gabrielle","family":"Agin-Liebes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Francisco , , 1001 Potrero Ave. , , ,","place":["San Francisco, California, United States, 94110"]},{"name":"Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital , 1001 Potrero Ave., Bldg. 80 , , ,","place":["San Francisco, California, United States, 94110"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trevor F.","family":"Haas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Davis, School of Medicine , 4610 X Street , , ,","place":["Sacramento, California, United States, 95817"]},{"name":"University of Southern California , , 3620 McClintock Ave. , , ,","place":["Los Angeles, California, United States, 90089-0001"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Lancelotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Habituating to Wholeness, LLC , 6500 W 13th Ave, , ,","place":["Lakewood, Colorado, United States, 80214"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malin V.","family":"Uthaug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maastricht University , , Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 , , ,","place":["Maastricht, Limburg, The Netherlands, 6200\nMD"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes G.","family":"Ramaekers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maastricht University , , Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 , , ,","place":["Maastricht, Limburg, The Netherlands, 6200\nMD"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan K.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ohio State University , , 1947 College Road , , ,","place":["Columbus, Ohio, United States, 43210"]},{"name":"Johns Hopkins University , , 5510 Nathan Shock Drive , , ,","place":["Baltimore, Maryland, United\nStates, 21224"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081904084246500_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyu038","article-title":"The global prevalence of common mental\ndisorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis 1980\u20132013","volume":"43","author":"Steel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"2026081904084246500_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61611-6","article-title":"Global burden\nof disease attributable to mental and substance use disorders: findings\nfrom the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010","volume":"382","author":"Whiteford","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026081904084246500_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2011.13.1\/wkaton","article-title":"Epidemiology\nand treatment of depression in patients with chronic medical illness","volume":"13","author":"Katon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"2026081904084246500_cit4","unstructured":"World Health Organization\n           (WHO). (2001) An overview\nof a strategy to improve the mental health of underserved populations, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland."},{"key":"2026081904084246500_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.focus.12.3.347","article-title":"Adding\npsychotherapy to antidepressant\nmedication in depression and anxiety disorders: a meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Cuijpers","year":"2014","journal-title":"Focus (Madison)."},{"key":"2026081904084246500_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.001","article-title":"Gaps in\naccessing\ntreatment for anxiety and depression: Challenges for the delivery\nof care","volume":"24","author":"Collins","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"2026081904084246500_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD007954","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007954","article-title":"Antidepressants\nversus placebo for depression in primary care","volume":"3","author":"Arroll","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst."},{"key":"2026081904084246500_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.13147","article-title":"Therapeutic\neffects of classic serotonergic psychedelics: a systematic review\nof modern-era clinical studies","volume":"141","author":"Andersen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr.\nScand."},{"key":"2026081904084246500_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2016.05.001","article-title":"Receptor interaction\nprofiles of novel psychoactive tryptamines compared with classic hallucinogens","volume":"26","author":"Rickli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"2026081904084246500_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13187","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-13282-7","article-title":"Psilocybin for treatment-resistant\ndepression: fMRI-measured\nbrain mechanisms","volume":"7","author":"Carhart-Harris","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2026081904084246500_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881108094300","article-title":"Mystical-type\nexperiences occasioned by psilocybin mediate the attribution of personal\nmeaning and spiritual significance 14 months later","volume":"22","author":"Griffiths","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"2026081904084246500_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-011-2358-5","article-title":"Psilocybin occasioned mystical-type\nexperiences: immediate and persisting\ndose-related effects","volume":"218","author":"Griffiths","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"2026081904084246500_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881116675512","article-title":"Rapid and sustained symptom reduction\nfollowing psilocybin\ntreatment for anxiety and depression in patients with life-threatening\ncancer: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"30","author":"Ross","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"2026081904084246500_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcbs.2019.11.004","article-title":"Psychological\nflexibility mediates\nthe relations between acute psychedelic effects and subjective decreases\nin depression and anxiety","volume":"15","author":"Davis","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Context. Behav.\nSci."},{"key":"2026081904084246500_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2020.3285","article-title":"Effects of psilocybin-assisted therapy on major depressive disorder:\na randomized clinical trial","author":"Davis","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026081904084246500_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881119845793","article-title":"Cessation and reduction\nin alcohol consumption and\nmisuse after psychedelic use","volume":"33","author":"Garcia-Romeu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"2026081904084246500_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00955","article-title":"Persisting reductions\nin cannabis, opioid, and stimulant\nmisuse after naturalistic psychedelic use: an online survey","volume":"10","author":"Garcia-Romeu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026081904084246500_cit18","unstructured":"Uthaug, M., Davis, A.\nK., Haas, T., Davis, D., Dolan, S., Lancelotta, R., Timmerman, C., and Ramaekers, J. (under review)."},{"key":"2026081904084246500_cit19","volume-title":"Mescaline:\na global history of the first psychedelic","author":"Jay","year":"2019"},{"key":"2026081904084246500_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-815607-0.00033-2","article-title":"Chapter 33 - Abuse of Magic Mushroom, Peyote Cactus, LSD, Khat, and\nVolatiles","volume-title":"Critical Issues in Alcohol and\nDrugs of Abuse Testing","author":"Dasgupta","year":"2019"},{"key":"2026081904084246500_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2003.11.002","article-title":"Hallucinogens","volume":"101","author":"Nichols","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"2026081904084246500_cit22","first-page":"577","article-title":"Anhalonium lewinii\n(Mescal buttons)","volume":"19","author":"Prentiss","year":"1895","journal-title":"Therap."},{"key":"2026081904084246500_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2017.12.040","article-title":"Psychiatry & the psychedelic\ndrugs. past, present & future","volume":"142","author":"Rucker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"2026081904084246500_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.131.11.1247","article-title":"Peyote in the treatment\nof alcoholism among American\nIndians","volume":"131","author":"Albaugh","year":"1974","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026081904084246500_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.06.038","article-title":"Psychological and cognitive effects\nof long-term peyote\nuse among Native Americans","volume":"58","author":"Halpern","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026081904084246500_cit26","unstructured":"Erowid\n          . (2011) A seminal spiritual event: an experience\nwith mescaline (exp91450). Available at: www.erowid.org\/exp\/91450."},{"key":"2026081904084246500_cit27","unstructured":"Erowid\n          . (2012) Who are you accepting death and utter ecstasy:\nan experience with\nmescaline (exp88982). Available at: https:\/\/erowid.org\/experiences\/exp.php?ID=88982."},{"key":"2026081904084246500_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1080\/00952990.2018.1545024","article-title":"5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine\n(5-MeO-DMT) used in a naturalistic group setting is associated with\nunintended improvements in depression and anxiety","volume":"45","author":"Davis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abuse"},{"key":"2026081904084246500_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881116684335","article-title":"An online\nsurvey of tobacco smoking cessation associated with naturalistic psychedelic\nuse","volume":"31","author":"Johnson","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"2026081904084246500_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291718001356","article-title":"Rapid antidepressant effects of the\npsychedelic ayahuasca in treatment-resistant depression: a randomized\nplacebo-controlled trial","volume":"49","author":"Palhano-Fontes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"2026081904084246500_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100538","article-title":"Psilocybin-assisted group therapy\nfor demoralized older long-term AIDS survivor men: an open-label safety\nand feasibility pilot study","volume":"27","author":"Anderson","year":"2020","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"2026081904084246500_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0000000000000113","article-title":"Safety and\nefficacy of lysergic acid\ndiethylamide-assisted psychotherapy for anxiety associated with life-threatening\ndiseases","volume":"202","author":"Gasser","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Nerv. Ment. Dis."},{"key":"2026081904084246500_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881116675513","article-title":"Psilocybin\nproduces substantial and sustained decreases in depression and anxiety\nin patients with life-threatening cancer: a randomized double-blind\ntrial","volume":"30","author":"Griffiths","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"2026081904084246500_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2010.116","article-title":"Pilot study of psilocybin treatment\nfor anxiety in patients with advanced-stage cancer","volume":"68","author":"Grob","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026081904084246500_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881114565144","article-title":"Psilocybin-assisted\ntreatment for alcohol dependence:\na proof-of-concept study","volume":"29","author":"Bogenschutz","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"2026081904084246500_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881114548296","article-title":"Pilot study\nof the 5-HT2AR agonist psilocybin in the treatment of tobacco addiction","volume":"28","author":"Johnson","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"2026081904084246500_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881119897615","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of psilocybin-assisted\npsychotherapy for psychiatric\nand existential distress in patients with life-threatening cancer","volume":"34","author":"Agin-Liebes","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"2026081904084246500_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881120967878","article-title":"Development\nof the Psychological Insight Questionnaire among a sample of people\nwho have consumed psilocybin or LSD","author":"Davis","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"2026081904084246500_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-016-4453-0","article-title":"Alterations\nof consciousness and\nmystical-type experiences after acute LSD in humans","volume":"234","author":"Liechti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"2026081904084246500_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881111420188","article-title":"Mystical\nexperiences occasioned by\nthe hallucinogen psilocybin lead to increases in the personality domain\nof openness","volume":"25","author":"MacLean","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"2026081904084246500_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2017.00974","article-title":"Quality\nof acute psychedelic experience\npredicts therapeutic efficacy of psilocybin for treatment-resistant\ndepression","volume":"8","author":"Roseman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"2026081904084246500_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcbs.2019.12.004","article-title":"The use of the psychological\nflexibility model to support\npsychedelic assisted therapy","volume":"15","author":"Watts","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Context. Behav.\nSci."},{"key":"2026081904084246500_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.20000","article-title":"The phenomenon\nof quantum change","volume":"60","author":"Miller","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"2026081904084246500_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.20007","article-title":"Sacred\nchanges: spiritual conversion and transformation","volume":"60","author":"Mahoney","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"2026081904084246500_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.08.009","article-title":"The mixed serotonin receptor agonist psilocybin reduces\nthreat-induced modulation of amygdala connectivity","volume":"11","author":"Kraehenmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"NeuroImage Clin."},{"key":"2026081904084246500_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03395492","article-title":"Measuring experiential avoidance: a preliminary test\nof a working model","volume":"54","author":"Hayes","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychol. Rec."},{"key":"2026081904084246500_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881118771782","article-title":"Psychedelic use and\nintimate partner violence: the role of emotion regulation","volume":"32","author":"Thiessen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"2026081904084246500_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00782","article-title":"Post-psychedelic reductions in experiential\navoidance\nare associated with decreases in depression severity and suicidal\nideation","volume":"11","author":"Zeifman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026081904084246500_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2735","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-019-05249-5","article-title":"MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment\nof PTSD: study design and rationale for phase 3 trials based on pooled\nanalysis of six phase 2 randomized controlled trials","volume":"236","author":"Mithoefer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"2026081904084246500_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2012.736842","article-title":"Illicit use of LSD\nor psilocybin, but not MDMA or nonpsychedelic\ndrugs, is associated with mystical experiences in a dose-dependent\nmanner","volume":"44","author":"Lyvers","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Psychoact. Drugs"},{"key":"2026081904084246500_cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2018.03.003","article-title":"MDMA-assisted\npsychotherapy for PTSD: are memory reconsolidation\nand fear extinction underlying mechanisms?","volume":"84","author":"Feduccia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026081904084246500_cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.37.3.241","article-title":"Stress-response\nsyndromes: a review of posttraumatic and adjustment disorders","volume":"37","author":"Horowitz","year":"1986","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Serv."},{"key":"2026081904084246500_cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1037\/a0018792","article-title":"PTSD as meaning violation: testing\na cognitive worldview perspective","volume":"4","author":"Park","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychological\nTrauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy"},{"key":"2026081904084246500_cit54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.2292","article-title":"MDA, MDMA,\nand other \u201cmescaline-like\u201d\nsubstances in the US military\u2019s search for a truth drug (1940s\nto 1960s)","volume":"10","author":"Passie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Test. Anal."},{"key":"2026081904084246500_cit55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1080\/09540261.2018.1474185","article-title":"Awe: a\nputative mechanism underlying the effects of classic psychedelic-assisted\npsychotherapy","volume":"30","author":"Hendricks","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026081904084246500_cit56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881115609019","article-title":"Validation\nof the revised Mystical\nExperience Questionnaire in experimental sessions with psilocybin","volume":"29","author":"Barrett","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"2026081904084246500_cit57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-5906.2012.01685.x","article-title":"Factor\nanalysis of the Mystical Experience Questionnaire: a study of experiences\noccasioned by the hallucinogen psilocybin","volume":"51","author":"MacLean","year":"2012","journal-title":"J.\nSci. Study Relig."},{"key":"2026081904084246500_cit58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881116678781","article-title":"The Challenging\nExperience Questionnaire: characterization of challenging experiences\nwith psilocybin mushrooms","volume":"30","author":"Barrett","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"2026081904084246500_cit59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881116662634","article-title":"Survey study of challenging experiences\nafter ingesting psilocybin mushrooms: acute and enduring positive\nand negative consequences","volume":"30","author":"Carbonaro","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"2026081904084246500_cit60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881116677852","article-title":"Set and setting,\npsychedelics and the placebo response: an extra-pharmacological perspective\non psychopharmacology","volume":"30","author":"Hartogsohn","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"2026081904084246500_cit61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-020-05464-5","article-title":"Tripping\non nothing: placebo psychedelics and contextual factors","volume":"237","author":"Olson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"2026081904084246500_cit62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2006.01592.x","article-title":"Comorbidity\nbetween substance use disorders and psychiatric conditions","volume":"101","author":"Schuckit","year":"2006","journal-title":"Addiction."},{"key":"2026081904084246500_cit63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61462-6","article-title":"Drug harms\nin the UK: a multicriteria\ndecision analysis","volume":"376","author":"Nutt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026081904084246500_cit64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60464-4","article-title":"Development\nof a rational scale to assess the harm of drugs of potential misuse","volume":"369","author":"Nutt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"2026081904084246500_cit65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2016.00269","article-title":"Ego-Dissolution\nand psychedelics: validation of the Ego-Dissolution Inventory (EDI)","volume":"10","author":"Nour","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."}],"container-title":["ACS Pharmacology &amp; Translational Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsptsci.1c00018","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aptsfn\/article-pdf\/4\/2\/543\/16837436\/pt1c00018.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aptsfn\/article-pdf\/4\/2\/543\/16837436\/pt1c00018.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T08:11:21Z","timestamp":1787127081000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aptsfn\/article\/4\/2\/543\/1587172\/Naturalistic-Use-of-Mescaline-Is-Associated-with"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,23]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsptsci.1c00018","relation":{},"ISSN":["2575-9108"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2575-9108","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,23]]}}}