{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T13:52:56Z","timestamp":1791553976592,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["304343\/2023-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["304343\/2023-4"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005667","name":"Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa e Inova??o do Estado de Santa Catarina","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["scholarship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["scholarship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005667","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PROEX"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PROEX"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Sarcopenia is a major clinical condition associated with aging and is characterized by progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and function. Resistance training is an effective intervention to counteract muscle atrophy; however, strategies that selectively enhance functional performance remain limited. Cannabigerol, a phytocannabinoid that is not a CB1 receptor agonist and therefore lacks psychotomimetic activity, has emerged as a potential modulator of neuromuscular function, although its role in skeletal muscle adaptation remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated the effects of resistance exercise and cannabigerol, alone and in combination, in a dexamethasone-induced model of muscle atrophy in mice. Animals received dexamethasone (20 mg\/kg, i.p.) for 12 days and were subsequently subjected to a 4-week ladder-based resistance exercise protocol. Cannabigerol (10 mg\/kg, i.p.) was administered on training days. Resistance exercise restored muscle morphology and improved fatigue resistance. In contrast, cannabigerol acted mainly on neuromuscular performance, increasing muscle power while producing only a small increase in fiber cross-sectional area. Cannabigerol potentiated training-induced power output, increasing performance by \u223c55% in the first week and up to \u223c87% after 4 weeks compared to exercise alone. In addition, cannabigerol increased peak grip strength (\u223c10%) and lowered post-exercise blood lactate in sedentary animals (\u223c48%). These findings show that resistance exercise and cannabigerol exert complementary effects on skeletal muscle\u2500exercise promoting structural recovery and cannabigerol enhancing neuromuscular performance and lowering post-exercise lactate\u2500and support further investigation of cannabigerol as an adjunct to exercise in glucocorticoid-induced muscle atrophy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsptsci.6c00187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T13:02:39Z","timestamp":1790773359000},"page":"2772-2782","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cannabigerol Enhances\nMuscle Strength and Performance\nin Dexamethasone-Treated Mice"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1292-6711","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Izabel Feltrin","family":"Fabro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UFSC-Federal University of Santa Catarina , , , ,","place":["Ararangua\u0301, Santa Catarina, Brazil, 88905-120"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7187-8756","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tatyana","family":"Nery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UFSC-Federal University of Santa Catarina , , , ,","place":["Ararangua\u0301, Santa Catarina, Brazil, 88905-120"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0897-9456","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ana Paula","family":"Pinto de Arau\u0301jo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UFSC-Federal University of Santa Catarina , , , ,","place":["Ararangua\u0301, Santa Catarina, Brazil, 88905-120"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9416-1208","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Amanda Leite","family":"Bastos Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UFSC-Federal University of Santa Catarina , , , ,","place":["Ararangua\u0301, Santa Catarina, Brazil, 88905-120"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0694-5024","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Francielly Andressa","family":"Felipetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UFSC - Federal University of Santa Catarina , , , ,","place":["Ararangua\u0301, Santa Catarina, Brazil, 88906-072"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6825-3333","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Aderbal Silva","family":"Aguiar Jr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UFSC-Federal University of Santa Catarina , , , ,","place":["Ararangua\u0301, Santa Catarina, Brazil, 88905-120"]},{"name":"Institute for Education and Research (IEP) Remederi , , ,","place":["Sa\u0303o Paulo, Sa\u0303o Paulo, Brazil, 04552-060"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026100909101475400_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afy169","article-title":"Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition\nand diagnosis","volume":"48","author":"Cruz-Jentoft","year":"2019","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"2026100909101475400_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"990S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/127.5.990S","article-title":"Sarcopenia:\norigins and clinical relevance","volume":"127","author":"Rosenberg","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"2026100909101475400_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181eb6265","article-title":"Influence\nof resistance exercise on lean body mass\nin aging adults: a meta-analysis","volume":"42","author":"Peterson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med. Sci.\nSports Exerc."},{"key":"2026100909101475400_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2019","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000003230","article-title":"Resistance\ntraining\nfor older adults: position statement from the National Strength and\nConditioning Association","volume":"33","author":"Fragala","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond.\nRes."},{"key":"2026100909101475400_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2016.01.033","article-title":"Cannabidiol,\nneuroprotection and neuropsychiatric disorders","volume":"112","author":"Campos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"2026100909101475400_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-015-0387-1","article-title":"Cannabidiol as a\npotential treatment for anxiety disorders","volume":"12","author":"Blessing","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"2026100909101475400_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9010021","article-title":"Antioxidative and anti-inflammatory\nproperties of cannabidiol","volume":"9","author":"Atalay","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"2026100909101475400_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.120.000340","article-title":"The pharmacological case for cannabigerol","volume":"376","author":"Nachnani","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"2026100909101475400_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2009.00515.x","article-title":"Evidence\nthat the plant cannabinoid cannabigerol is a highly potent alpha2-adrenoceptor\nagonist and moderately potent 5HT1A receptor antagonist","volume":"159","author":"Cascio","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"2026100909101475400_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2013.01.017","article-title":"Beneficial\neffect of the non-psychotropic\nplant cannabinoid cannabigerol on experimental inflammatory bowel\ndisease","volume":"85","author":"Borrelli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"2026100909101475400_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1401558","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2024.1401558","article-title":"Cannabigerol\u2500a useful agent\nrestoring the muscular phospholipids milieu in obese and insulin-resistant\nWistar rats?","volume":"11","author":"Bielawiec","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Biosci."},{"key":"2026100909101475400_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2013.03.001","article-title":"The endocannabinoid\nsystem in energy homeostasis and\nthe etiopathology of metabolic disorders","volume":"17","author":"Silvestri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell\nMetab."},{"key":"2026100909101475400_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2007.09.099","article-title":"The expression of receptors for endocannabinoids\nin human and rodent skeletal muscle","volume":"364","author":"Cavuoto","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochem.\nBiophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"2026100909101475400_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5850","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201801145R","article-title":"Muscle\ncannabinoid 1 receptor regulates Il-6 and myostatin\nexpression, governing physical performance and whole-body metabolism","volume":"33","author":"Gonza\u0301lez-Mariscal","year":"2019","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"2026100909101475400_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5291","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26115291","article-title":"Physiological muscle\nfunction is controlled by the skeletal endocannabinoid system in murine\nskeletal muscles","volume":"26","author":"Ganbat","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"2026100909101475400_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1007\/s42000-025-00628-4","article-title":"Impact of CB1\nreceptor antagonism on skeletal muscle hypertrophy and metabolic health:\na systematic review of preclinical studies","volume":"24","author":"de Abreu Ju\u0301nior","year":"2025","journal-title":"Hormones"},{"key":"2026100909101475400_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2019.01.002","article-title":"Identification and characterization of phytocannabinoids\nas novel dual PPAR\u03b1\/\u03b3 agonists by a computational and\nin vitro experimental approach","volume":"1863","author":"D\u2019aniello","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys.\nActa, Gen. Subj."},{"key":"2026100909101475400_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113859","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2020.113859","article-title":"Phytocannabinoids promote viability and functional\nadipogenesis of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells through\ndifferent molecular targets","volume":"175","author":"Fellous","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"2026100909101475400_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1672098","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1672098","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics\nand pharmacodynamics of cannabigerol (CBG) in the C57BL\/6Crl mouse","volume":"16","author":"Zagzoog","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"2026100909101475400_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10030586","article-title":"The endocannabinoid system and PPARs: focus on their\nsignalling crosstalk, action and transcriptional regulation","volume":"10","author":"Iannotti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"2026100909101475400_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.109.001560","article-title":"Regulation of skeletal\nmuscle physiology and metabolism by peroxisome\nproliferator-activated receptor \u03b4","volume":"61","author":"Ehrenborg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pharmacol.\nRev."},{"key":"2026100909101475400_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8056","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21218056","article-title":"PPARs and microbiota in skeletal\nmuscle health and wasting","volume":"21","author":"Manickam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"2026100909101475400_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-026-08407-4","article-title":"Bacteroides-derived endocannabinoid-like\ncommendamide attenuates skeletal muscle ferroptosis in vitro: implications\nfor Duchenne muscular dystrophy","volume":"24","author":"Di Muraglia","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Transl.\nMed."},{"key":"2026100909101475400_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0020294","article-title":"Regulation\nof muscle fiber type and running endurance by PPAR\u03b4","volume":"2","author":"Wang","year":"2004","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"2026100909101475400_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2008.06.051","article-title":"AMPK and\nPPAR\u03b4 agonists are exercise mimetics","volume":"134","author":"Narkar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026100909101475400_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16260","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0607795103","article-title":"PGC-1\u03b1 protects skeletal muscle\nfrom atrophy by suppressing FoxO3 action and atrophy-specific gene\ntranscription","volume":"103","author":"Sandri","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S.\nA."},{"key":"2026100909101475400_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2026.104308","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic and\npharmacodynamic properties of cannabigerol in male mice","volume":"393","author":"Mabou Tagne","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"2026100909101475400_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1568","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.14460","article-title":"Effects of non-euphoric plant cannabinoids\non muscle quality and performance of dystrophic mdx mice","volume":"176","author":"Iannotti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"2026100909101475400_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2280113","DOI":"10.1080\/15502783.2023.2280113","article-title":"A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled,\nrepeated-dose pilot study of a cannabidiol- and cannabigerol-based\nbeverage powder to support recovery from delayed onset muscle soreness","volume":"20","author":"Peters","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr."},{"key":"2026100909101475400_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2003.058701","article-title":"Lactate\nmetabolism: a new paradigm for the third millennium","volume":"558","author":"Gladden","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"2026100909101475400_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5591","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2009.178350","article-title":"Cell\u2013cell\nand intracellular lactate shuttles","volume":"587","author":"Brooks","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"2026100909101475400_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3979","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14193979","article-title":"Suppressive effects\nof turmeric extract on muscle atrophy in dexamethasone-treated mice\nand myotubes","volume":"14","author":"Furukawa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2026100909101475400_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111854","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2023.111854","article-title":"The cannabinoid receptor\n1 antagonist AM6545 stimulates the Akt\u2013mTOR axis and in vivo\nmuscle protein synthesis in a dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy\nmodel","volume":"563","author":"Dalle","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"2026100909101475400_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2894","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14142894","article-title":"\u03b2-Sitosterol\nattenuates dexamethasone-induced\nmuscle atrophy via regulating FoxO1-dependent signaling in C2C12 cell\nand mice model","volume":"14","author":"Hah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2026100909101475400_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jot.2022.11.005","article-title":"Is dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy an alternative\nmodel for naturally aged sarcopenia model?","volume":"39","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Transl."},{"key":"2026100909101475400_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2985","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13091","article-title":"Single-cell\nRNA-seq reveals interferon-induced guanylate-binding proteins are\nlinked with sarcopenia","volume":"13","author":"Peng","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Cachexia Sarcopenia\nMuscle"},{"key":"2026100909101475400_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12393","article-title":"Myricanol rescues dexamethasone-induced\nmuscle dysfunction\nvia a sirtuin 1-dependent mechanism","volume":"10","author":"Shen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cachexia\nSarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"2026100909101475400_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3122","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13100","article-title":"Pyruvate\ndehydrogenase kinase 4 promotes ubiquitin\u2013proteasome system-dependent\nmuscle atrophy","volume":"13","author":"Sinam","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"2026100909101475400_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1139\/h04-002","article-title":"Physiological\nhypertrophy of the\nFHL muscle following 8 weeks of progressive resistance exercise in\nthe rat","volume":"29","author":"Hornberger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Can. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"2026100909101475400_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X2012007500138","article-title":"Resistance exercise improves hippocampus-dependent\nmemory","volume":"45","author":"Cassilhas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res."},{"key":"2026100909101475400_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X2004000300018","article-title":"An electronic\npressure-meter nociception paw test for mice","volume":"37","author":"Cunha","year":"2004","journal-title":"Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res."},{"key":"2026100909101475400_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/51212","article-title":"Measuring\nchanges in tactile sensitivity in the hind paw of mice using an electronic\nvon Frey apparatus","volume":"82","author":"Martinov","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Vis. Exp."},{"key":"2026100909101475400_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1390187","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1390187","article-title":"Adenosine A2A and\ndopamine D2 receptor interaction controls fatigue resistance","volume":"15","author":"de Bem Alves","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"2026100909101475400_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1007\/s11302-023-09922-5","article-title":"The striatum drives\nthe ergogenic effects of caffeine","volume":"19","author":"de Bem Alves","year":"2023","journal-title":"Purinergic\nSignal."},{"key":"2026100909101475400_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57568","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.5c05266","article-title":"Prior exercise\nattenuates LPS-induced neuroinflammation, dopaminergic dysfunction,\nand fatigue-like behavior in mice","volume":"10","author":"de Bem Alves","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Omega"}],"container-title":["ACS Pharmacology &amp; Translational\nScience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsptsci.6c00187","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aptsfn\/article-pdf\/9\/10\/2772\/68709832\/acsptsci.6c00187.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aptsfn\/article-pdf\/9\/10\/2772\/68709832\/acsptsci.6c00187.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T13:31:25Z","timestamp":1791552685000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aptsfn\/article\/9\/10\/2772\/5442265\/Cannabigerol-Enhances-Muscle-Strength-and"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsptsci.6c00187","relation":{},"ISSN":["2575-9108"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2575-9108","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]}}}