{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T13:52:52Z","timestamp":1791553972736,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI150282"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI150282"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21AI158114"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21AI158114"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Antibodies suffer from resistance mutations in their targets, which diminishes their efficacy. Most antibody library screens use a single antigen yet should ideally use many antigens to ensure that the hits have broad-binding capacity. As a test case, we used the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS COV-2 and CR3022 as the starting antigen\/antibody pair. We screened a CR3022 library against a large panel of RBDs (94) and isolated a hit (C8) that has improved affinity for 95\/102 tested RBDs. C8 has improved affinity to variants unseen in the library screening, indicating that C8 is more resistant to future antigen variants. This study, to our knowledge, represents the largest interaction screen (107) performed to date using synthetic agglutination in yeast.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsptsci.6c00213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T16:02:27Z","timestamp":1789488147000},"page":"2806-2820","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Antibody Affinity\nMaturation by Yeast Mating against\na Diverse Antigen Library Enhances Antibody Resistance to Viral Mutations"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0434-804X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ryan","family":"Hard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Diego , , , ,","place":["La Jolla, California, United States, 92093-0359"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young Su","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Diego , , , ,","place":["La Jolla, California, United States, 92093-0359"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7000-2082","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jonathan","family":"Parkinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Diego , , , ,","place":["La Jolla, California, United States, 92093-0359"]},{"name":"MAP Bioscience , , ,","place":["La Jolla, California, United States, 92093"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Diego , , , ,","place":["La Jolla, California, United States, 92093-0359"]},{"name":"University of California, San Diego , , , ,","place":["La Jolla, California, United States, 92093-0359"]},{"name":"MAP Bioscience , , ,","place":["La Jolla, California, United States, 92093"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"2026100909103447300_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-022-00495-3","article-title":"Antibodies\nto combat viral infections: development strategies and progress","volume":"21","author":"Pantaleo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discovery"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026100909103447300_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e311","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(22)00311-5","article-title":"Monoclonal antibody therapies against SARS-CoV-2","volume":"22","author":"Focosi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026100909103447300_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-024-00690-x","article-title":"Cancer therapy with antibodies","volume":"24","author":"Paul","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026100909103447300_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2609","article-title":"Identification of a\nmutation in the extracellular domain of the Epidermal Growth Factor\nReceptor conferring cetuximab resistance in colorectal cancer","volume":"18","author":"Montagut","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"issue":"14","key":"2026100909103447300_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12035","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.3574","article-title":"Epidermal growth factor receptor\nmutation mediates cross-resistance to panitumumab and cetuximab in\ngastrointestinal cancer","volume":"6","author":"Braig","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026100909103447300_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-022-00809-7","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2\nvariant evasion of monoclonal antibodies based on in vitro studies","volume":"21","author":"Cox","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026100909103447300_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiq100","article-title":"Analysis of respiratory\nsyncytial virus preclinical and clinical variants resistant to neutralization\nby monoclonal antibodies palivizumab and\/or motavizumab","volume":"203","author":"Zhu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Infect Dis."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026100909103447300_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.12.017","article-title":"An Antigenic Atlas of HIV-1 Escape\nfrom Broadly Neutralizing\nAntibodies Distinguishes Functional and Structural Epitopes","volume":"50","author":"Dingens","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunity."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026100909103447300_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006271","article-title":"Complete mapping\nof viral escape\nfrom neutralizing antibodies","volume":"13","author":"Doud","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"issue":"6531","key":"2026100909103447300_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abf9302","article-title":"Prospective\nmapping\nof viral mutations that escape antibodies used to treat COVID-19","volume":"371","author":"Starr","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"46","key":"2026100909103447300_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12166","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1705867114","article-title":"High-throughput characterization\nof protein-protein interactions by reprogramming yeast mating","volume":"114","author":"Younger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"issue":"6656","key":"2026100909103447300_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adh1720","article-title":"Deploying\nsynthetic coevolution and\nmachine learning to engineer protein-protein interactions","volume":"381","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026100909103447300_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-38697-x","article-title":"A multiplexed bacterial\ntwo-hybrid for rapid characterization of protein-protein interactions\nand iterative protein design","volume":"14","author":"Boldridge","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026100909103447300_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crmeth.2024.100934","article-title":"High-throughput\nspecificity profiling of antibody libraries using ribosome display\nand microfluidics","volume":"4","author":"Wagner","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Rep. Methods"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026100909103447300_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.1038\/s41589-024-01718-x","article-title":"Massively parallel measurement of\nprotein-protein interactions by sequencing using MP3-seq","volume":"20","author":"Baryshev","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Chem. Biol."},{"issue":"26","key":"2026100909103447300_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4904","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.11.016","article-title":"Engineered cell\nentry links receptor biology with single-cell genomics","volume":"185","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"7528","key":"2026100909103447300_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13761","article-title":"Multiplex\nsingle-molecule interaction profiling of DNA-barcoded proteins","volume":"515","author":"Gu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026100909103447300_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-022-01436-z","article-title":"Antigen identification\nand high-throughput interaction mapping by reprogramming viral entry","volume":"19","author":"Dobson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026100909103447300_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-022-01232-2","article-title":"Efficient discovery of SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing\nantibodies\nvia B cell receptor sequencing and ligand blocking","volume":"40","author":"Shiakolas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026100909103447300_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.11.003","article-title":"High-Throughput\nMapping of B Cell\nReceptor Sequences to Antigen Specificity","volume":"179","author":"Setliff","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026100909103447300_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0812291106","article-title":"Libraries against\nlibraries for combinatorial selection of replicating antigen-antibody\npairs","volume":"106","author":"Bowley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026100909103447300_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(95)01348-2","article-title":"Co-selection\nof cognate antibody-antigen pairs by selectively-infective phages","volume":"377","author":"Krebber","year":"1995","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026100909103447300_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2021.01.014","article-title":"Identification\nof\nSARS-CoV-2 spike mutations that attenuate monoclonal and serum antibody\nneutralization","volume":"29","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026100909103447300_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19420862.2024.2440586","article-title":"Analysis\nof how antigen mutations\ndisrupt antibody binding interactions toward enabling rapid and reliable\nantibody repurposing","volume":"17","author":"Islam","year":"2025","journal-title":"MAbs."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026100909103447300_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.2174\/138620708783744516","article-title":"A decade of yeast\nsurface display technology: where are we now?","volume":"11","author":"Pepper","year":"2008","journal-title":"Comb Chem. High Throughput Screen."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026100909103447300_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1093\/protein\/gzl057","article-title":"Antigen selection\nfrom an HIV-1 immune antibody library displayed on yeast yields many\nnovel antibodies compared to selection from the same library displayed\non phage","volume":"20","author":"Bowley","year":"2007","journal-title":"Protein Eng., Des. Sel."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026100909103447300_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2006.94","article-title":"Isolating and engineering\nhuman antibodies using yeast\nsurface display","volume":"1","author":"Chao","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"issue":"798","key":"2026100909103447300_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.abk3516","article-title":"Broadening a SARS-CoV-1-neutralizing\nantibody for potent\nSARS-CoV-2 neutralization through directed evolution","volume":"16","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Signal."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026100909103447300_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2605","article-title":"Recombinant antibodies to histone\npost-translational modifications","volume":"10","author":"Hattori","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026100909103447300_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1093\/protein\/gzh038","article-title":"Directed evolution\nof an anti-carcinoembryonic antigen scFv with a 4-day monovalent dissociation\nhalf-time at 37 degrees C","volume":"17","author":"Graff","year":"2004","journal-title":"Protein Eng., Des.\nSel."},{"issue":"38","key":"2026100909103447300_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202504350","article-title":"RESP2: An Uncertainty\nAware Multi-Target Multi-Property Optimization AI Pipeline for Antibody\nDiscovery","volume":"12","author":"Parkinson","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Sci. (Weinh)."},{"key":"2026100909103447300_cit32","unstructured":"Ornelas, M. Y.; Ouyang, W. O.; Wu, N. C.\n          A library-on-library\nscreen reveals the breadth expansion landscape of a broadly neutralizing\nbetacoronavirus antibody\n          bioRxiv [Preprint]\n          2024, p 2024.06.06.59781010.1101\/2024.06.06.597810."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026100909103447300_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41421-022-00386-2","article-title":"Rapid screening of\nTCR-pMHC interactions by the YAMTAD system","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Discovery"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026100909103447300_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1093\/abt\/tbac011","article-title":"Massively\nmultiplexed\naffinity characterization of therapeutic antibodies against SARS-CoV-2\nvariants","volume":"5","author":"Engelhart","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antib Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026100909103447300_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-022-01779-4","article-title":"A dataset comprised\nof binding interactions for 104,972\nantibodies against a SARS-CoV-2 peptide","volume":"9","author":"Engelhart","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci.\nData"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026100909103447300_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-39022-2","article-title":"Machine learning optimization of candidate antibody\nyields highly diverse sub-nanomolar affinity antibody libraries","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026100909103447300_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Angermueller, C.; Mariet, Z.; Jester, B.; Engelhart, E.; Emerson, R.; Alipanahi, B.; Lin, C.; Shikany, C.; Guion, D.; Nelson, J.; Kelley, M.; McMurray, M.; Shaffer, P.; Cordray, C.; Halabiya, S.; Mccaw, Z.; Struyvenberg, S.; Aggarwal, K.; Ertel, S.; Martinez, A.; Ozarkar, S.; Hager, K.; Frumkin, M.; Roberts, J.; Lopez, R.; Younger, D.; Colwell, L. J.\n          High-throughput ML-guided design of diverse single-domain antibodies\nagainst SARS-CoV-2\n          bioRxiv.\n          2023\n          2023.2012.2001.569227\n          10.1101\/2023.12.01.569227.","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.12.01.569227"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026100909103447300_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030237","article-title":"Human monoclonal\nantibody combination against SARS coronavirus: synergy and coverage\nof escape mutants","volume":"3","author":"ter Meulen","year":"2006","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"issue":"6491","key":"2026100909103447300_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb7269","article-title":"A highly conserved\ncryptic epitope in the receptor binding domains of SARS-CoV-2 and\nSARS-CoV","volume":"368","author":"Yuan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026100909103447300_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-021-00985-w","article-title":"Comprehensive mapping of binding\nhot spots of SARS-CoV-2 RBD-specific neutralizing antibodies for tracking\nimmune escape variants","volume":"13","author":"Yi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Genome Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026100909103447300_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v14020186","article-title":"Structure\nBased Affinity Maturation and Characterizing of SARS-CoV\nAntibody CR3022 against SARS-CoV-2 by Computational and Experimental\nApproaches","volume":"14","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Viruses."},{"key":"2026100909103447300_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1122868","article-title":"Review of therapeutic\nmechanisms\nand applications based on SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026100909103447300_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines11030545","article-title":"Significance\nof Conserved Regions in Coronavirus Spike Protein for Developing a\nNovel Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 Infection","volume":"11","author":"Olukitibi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026100909103447300_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2020.11.007","article-title":"Complete Mapping\nof Mutations to the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor-Binding Domain that\nEscape Antibody Recognition","volume":"29","author":"Greaney","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026100909103447300_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.08.012","article-title":"Deep Mutational\nScanning of SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Binding Domain Reveals Constraints\non Folding and ACE2 Binding","volume":"182","author":"Starr","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026100909103447300_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.05.014","article-title":"OPTIC consortium, ISARIC4C\nconsortium; Paterson NG, Williams MA, Hall DR, Mongkolsapaya J, Fry\nEE, Dejnirattisai W, Ren J, Stuart DI, Screaton GR. Potent cross-reactive\nantibodies following Omicron breakthrough in vaccinees","volume":"185","author":"Nutalai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026100909103447300_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2005.03.012","article-title":"Making\nthe most of affinity tags","volume":"23","author":"Waugh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol."},{"key":"2026100909103447300_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-59745-566-4_20","article-title":"SUMO fusion technology for enhanced\nprotein production in prokaryotic and eukaryotic expression systems","volume":"497","author":"Panavas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026100909103447300_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010951","article-title":"Deep mutational\nscans for ACE2 binding,\nRBD expression, and antibody escape in the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1\nand BA.2 receptor-binding domains","volume":"18","author":"Starr","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"issue":"21","key":"2026100909103447300_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3992","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.09.018","article-title":"Genotype to Phenotype Japan (G2P-Japan)\nConsortium; Hashiguchi T, Ikeda T, Saito A, Fukuhara T, Tanaka S,\nMatsuno K, Sato K. Virological characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron\nBA.2 subvariants, including BA.4 and BA.5","volume":"185","author":"Kimura","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026100909103447300_cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1038\/s41594-020-0480-y","article-title":"Structural basis for the neutralization\nof SARS-CoV-2 by an antibody from a convalescent patient","volume":"27","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol."},{"issue":"7815","key":"2026100909103447300_cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2349-y","article-title":"Cross-neutralization\nof SARS-CoV-2 by a human monoclonal SARS-CoV antibody","volume":"583","author":"Pinto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026100909103447300_cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/s13238-017-0412-8","article-title":"Distinct PD-L1\nbinding characteristics of therapeutic monoclonal\nantibody durvalumab","volume":"9","author":"Tan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Protein Cell"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026100909103447300_cit54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3130","article-title":"Yeast polypeptide\nfusion surface display levels predict thermal stability and soluble\nsecretion efficiency","volume":"292","author":"Shusta","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026100909103447300_cit55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-36028-8","article-title":"The RESP AI model accelerates the\nidentification of tight-binding antibodies","volume":"14","author":"Parkinson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026100909103447300_cit56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2022.06.005","article-title":"Atlas of currently\navailable human neutralizing antibodies\nagainst SARS-CoV-2 and escape by Omicron sub-variants BA.1\/BA.1.1\/BA.2\/BA.3","volume":"55","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Immunity."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026100909103447300_cit57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2023.100991","article-title":"An updated atlas of antibody evasion\nby SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sub-variants including BQ.1.1 and XBB","volume":"4","author":"He","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Rep. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026100909103447300_cit58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medj.2024.03.006","article-title":"Neutralization\nof EG.5, EG.5.1, BA.2.86,\nand JN.1 by antisera from dimeric receptor-binding domain subunit\nvaccines and 41 human monoclonal antibodies","volume":"5","author":"He","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med."},{"key":"2026100909103447300_cit59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep45259","article-title":"Efficient affinity\nmaturation of antibody variable domains requires co-selection of compensatory\nmutations to maintain thermodynamic stability","volume":"7","author":"Julian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2026100909103447300_cit60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bej.2018.06.003","article-title":"Understanding and\novercoming trade-offs between antibody affinity, specificity, stability\nand solubility","volume":"137","author":"Rabia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem. Eng. J."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026100909103447300_cit61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.1998.2262","article-title":"The effect of high-frequency\nrandom mutagenesis on\nin vitro protein evolution: a study on TEM-1 beta-lactamase","volume":"285","author":"Zaccolo","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026100909103447300_cit62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-023-01769-3","article-title":"GISAID Core\nand Curation Team; Suchard MA, Wu C, Su AI, Andersen KG, Hughes LD.\nOutbreak.info genomic reports: scalable and dynamic surveillance of\nSARS-CoV-2 variants and mutations","volume":"20","author":"Gangavarapu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026100909103447300_cit63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-023-01770-w","article-title":"Outbreak.info Research\nLibrary: a standardized, searchable\nplatform to discover and explore COVID-19 resources","volume":"20","author":"Tsueng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026100909103447300_cit64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009089","article-title":"A natural\nmutation between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV determines neutralization\nby a cross-reactive antibody","volume":"16","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026100909103447300_cit65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1002\/gch2.1018","article-title":"Data, disease and diplomacy: GISAID\u2019s\ninnovative\ncontribution to global health","volume":"1","author":"Elbe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Glob Chall."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026100909103447300_cit66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt785","article-title":"Flow-cytometric\nisolation of human antibodies from\na nonimmune Saccharomyces cerevisiae surface display library","volume":"21","author":"Feldhaus","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"2026100909103447300_cit67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1971.tb13550.x","article-title":"Attempts to locate\ncomplementarity-determining residues in the variable\npositions of light and heavy chains","volume":"190","author":"Kabat","year":"1971","journal-title":"Ann. N\nY Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026100909103447300_cit68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-305X(02)00039-3","article-title":"IMGT unique numbering for immunoglobulin and T cell\nreceptor variable domains and Ig superfamily V-like domains","volume":"27","author":"Lefranc","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026100909103447300_cit69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(87)90412-8","article-title":"Canonical structures\nfor the hypervariable regions\nof immunoglobulins","volume":"196","author":"Chothia","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"issue":"8016","key":"2026100909103447300_cit70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07487-w","article-title":"Accurate structure prediction of\nbiomolecular interactions with AlphaFold 3","volume":"630","author":"Abramson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026100909103447300_cit71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-023-00878-2","article-title":"The evolution of SARS-CoV-2","volume":"21","author":"Markov","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"issue":"19","key":"2026100909103447300_cit72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.08.012","article-title":"helixCAM: A platform\nfor programmable cellular assembly in bacteria and human cells","volume":"185","author":"Chao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026100909103447300_cit73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19420862.2025.2534626","article-title":"AlphaBind, a domain-specific model\nto predict and optimize antibody-antigen binding affinity","volume":"17","author":"Agarwal","year":"2025","journal-title":"MAbs"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026100909103447300_cit74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1687","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/18.7.1687","article-title":"DNA recombination\nduring PCR","volume":"18","author":"Meyerhans","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026100909103447300_cit75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/26.7.1819","article-title":"Stimulation and suppression of PCR-mediated\nrecombination","volume":"26","author":"Judo","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"issue":"4839","key":"2026100909103447300_cit76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2448875","article-title":"Primer-directed\nenzymatic amplification of DNA with a thermostable DNA polymerase","volume":"239","author":"Saiki","year":"1988","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026100909103447300_cit77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep14181","article-title":"Micelle PCR\nreduces chimera formation\nin 16S rRNA profiling of complex microbial DNA mixtures","volume":"5","author":"Boers","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026100909103447300_cit78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0106658","article-title":"Extensive recombination due to heteroduplexes\ngenerates large amounts of artificial gene fragments during PCR","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026100909103447300_cit79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00163-19","article-title":"The Impact of DNA Polymerase and\nNumber of Rounds of\nAmplification in PCR on 16S rRNA Gene Sequence Data","volume":"4","author":"Sze","year":"2019","journal-title":"mSphere"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026100909103447300_cit80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a038778","article-title":"Influenza Hemagglutinin\nStructures and Antibody Recognition","volume":"10","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cold Spring\nHarbor Perspect. Med."},{"issue":"26","key":"2026100909103447300_cit81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3817","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biochem.8b00267","article-title":"Isolation of an in Vitro Affinity-Matured,\nThermostable \u201cHeadless\u201d HA Stem Fragment That Binds\nBroadly Neutralizing Antibodies with High Affinity","volume":"57","author":"Najar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026100909103447300_cit82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antib8010014","article-title":"Cross-Reactive and\nLineage-Specific Single Domain Antibodies\nagainst Influenza B Hemagglutinin","volume":"8","author":"Ramage","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antibodies\n(Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026100909103447300_cit83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-82356-4","article-title":"Nanobodies mapped\nto cross-reactive and divergent epitopes on A(H7N9) influenza hemagglutinin\nusing yeast display","volume":"11","author":"Gaiotto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026100909103447300_cit84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-025-05611-1","article-title":"Antiviral strategies against influenza\nvirus: an update on approved and innovative therapeutic approaches","volume":"82","author":"Bonomini","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"2026100909103447300_cit85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fob.2013.10.007","article-title":"Construction of a convenient\nsystem for easily screening inhibitors of mutated influenza virus\nneuraminidases","volume":"3","author":"Shigemori","year":"2013","journal-title":"FEBS Open Bio."},{"issue":"1-2","key":"2026100909103447300_cit86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2004.01.024","article-title":"Domain-level\nantibody epitope mapping through yeast surface display of epidermal\ngrowth factor receptor fragments","volume":"287","author":"Cochran","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Immunol.\nMethods"},{"key":"2026100909103447300_cit87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1398419","article-title":"Unveiling\nacquired resistance to anti-EGFR therapies in colorectal cancer: a\nlong and winding road","volume":"15","author":"Ri\u0301os-Hoyo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026100909103447300_cit88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0205756","article-title":"Display of the HIV\nenvelope protein at the yeast cell surface for immunogen development","volume":"13","author":"Mathew","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026100909103447300_cit89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00152-22","article-title":"Broadly neutralizing\nantibodies for HIV prevention: a comprehensive review and future perspectives","volume":"37","author":"Mahomed","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev."}],"container-title":["ACS Pharmacology &amp; Translational\nScience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsptsci.6c00213","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aptsfn\/article-pdf\/9\/10\/2806\/68519545\/acsptsci.6c00213.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aptsfn\/article-pdf\/9\/10\/2806\/68519545\/acsptsci.6c00213.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T13:31:31Z","timestamp":1791552691000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aptsfn\/article\/9\/10\/2806\/5430489\/Antibody-Affinity-Maturation-by-Yeast-Mating"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"references-count":89,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsptsci.6c00213","relation":{},"ISSN":["2575-9108"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2575-9108","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]}}}