{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T14:06:49Z","timestamp":1789135609350,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786579200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786579200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786579200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>SARS-CoV-2 exploits multiple cellular entry routes. Beyond ACE2-mediated entry, we propose that the spike protein binds fibrinogen not only to facilitate immune evasion but also to position the receptor-binding domain for integrin-mediated uptake. This molecular bridge may enhance viral RNA delivery to endothelial cells. Targeting the spike protein\u2013fibrinogen interface could open new therapeutic avenues for acute and post-COVID vascular disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsptsci.6c00452","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T03:02:02Z","timestamp":1786676522000},"page":"2654-2657","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fibrinogen as a\nMolecular Bridge Linking SARS-CoV-2\nImmune Evasion and Endothelial Access?"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5353-0393","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Saroj Kumar","family":"Panda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas at Arlington , , , ,","place":["Arlington, Texas, United States, 76019"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shashi","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D Y Patil International University (DYPIU) , , Akurdi, , ,","place":["Pune, Maharashtra, India, 411044"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3083-3957","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Parth Sarthi","family":"Sen Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D Y Patil International University (DYPIU) , , Akurdi, , ,","place":["Pune, Maharashtra, India, 411044"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2026091109133701300_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-022-00841-7","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 variant biology: immune escape,\ntransmission and fitness","volume":"21","author":"Carabelli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026091109133701300_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1042\/BCJ20220016","article-title":"A central role for amyloid fibrin\nmicroclots in long COVID\/PASC: origins and therapeutic implications","volume":"479","author":"Kell","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"issue":"43","key":"2026091109133701300_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.ady2738","article-title":"Activation of the\ncoagulation cascade as a mechanism for selective nanoparticle-mediated\nRNA delivery to the endothelium in vivo","volume":"11","author":"Guzman","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci.\nAdv."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026091109133701300_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2023.106230","article-title":"Evolution of increased positive charge on the SARS-CoV-2\nspike protein may be adaptation to human transmission","volume":"26","author":"Cotten","year":"2023","journal-title":"iScience"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026091109133701300_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1021\/acsptsci.5c00122","article-title":"Spike Protein-Fibrinogen\nInteraction:\nA Novel Immune Evasion Strategy of SARS-CoV-2?","volume":"8","author":"Panda","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091109133701300_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1038\/s41589-021-00924-1","article-title":"Sialic\nacid-containing glycolipids mediate binding\nand viral entry of SARS-CoV-2","volume":"18","author":"Nguyen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Chem. Biol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026091109133701300_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2022.101710","article-title":"Integrin mediates cell\nentry of the SARS-CoV-2 virus independent of cellular receptor ACE2","volume":"298","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026091109133701300_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2525","DOI":"10.1021\/ja107583h","article-title":"Physical-chemical\naspects of protein\ncorona: relevance to in vitro and in vivo biological impacts of nanoparticles","volume":"133","author":"Monopoli","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026091109133701300_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2017.61","article-title":"Nanomedicine: Evolution of the nanoparticle corona","volume":"12","author":"Hadjidemetriou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol"},{"issue":"8031","key":"2026091109133701300_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07873-4","article-title":"Fibrin drives thromboinflammation and neuropathology in COVID-19","volume":"633","author":"Ryu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091109133701300_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bvth.2025.100048","article-title":"Association of high\ngamma\u2019 fibrinogen levels with adverse events in patients with\nCOVID-19","volume":"2","author":"Revollido","year":"2025","journal-title":"Blood Vessel Thromb Hemost"},{"issue":"18","key":"2026091109133701300_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5872","DOI":"10.1021\/bi9827619","article-title":"Specific binding of\nintegrin \u03b1v\u03b23 to the fibrinogen \u03b3 and \u03b1 chain\nC-terminal domains","volume":"38","author":"Yokoyama","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"issue":"22","key":"2026091109133701300_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16891","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M000610200","article-title":"Identification of amino\nacid sequences in fibrinogen gamma -chain and tenascin C C-terminal\ndomains critical for binding to integrin alpha vbeta 3","volume":"275","author":"Yokoyama","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091109133701300_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R2","DOI":"10.1186\/cc6213","article-title":"Fibrinogen decreases\ncardiomyocyte contractility through an ICAM-1-dependent mechanism","volume":"12","author":"Boyd","year":"2008","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026091109133701300_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1097\/01.moh.0000131440.02397.a4","article-title":"Pathophysiologic\nroles of the fibrinogen gamma chain","volume":"11","author":"Farrell","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr. Opin\nHematol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026091109133701300_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1021\/ja026939x","article-title":"HADDOCK:\na protein-protein docking\napproach based on biochemical or biophysical information","volume":"125","author":"Dominguez","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."}],"container-title":["ACS Pharmacology &amp; Translational\nScience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsptsci.6c00452","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aptsfn\/article-pdf\/9\/9\/2654\/66538594\/acsptsci.6c00452.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aptsfn\/article-pdf\/9\/9\/2654\/66538594\/acsptsci.6c00452.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T13:13:59Z","timestamp":1789132439000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aptsfn\/article\/9\/9\/2654\/5255000\/Fibrinogen-as-a-Molecular-Bridge-Linking-SARS-CoV"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsptsci.6c00452","relation":{},"ISSN":["2575-9108"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2575-9108","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]}}}