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Viable routes for converting it to 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO) can conserve important resources and add value to its supply chain. Biological methods are appealing because they can circumvent expensive preprocessing steps while operating under mild conditions. Here, we show that the propanediol utilization pathway of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium LT2 can be used to convert glycerol, including unprocessed crude glycerol, into 1,3-PDO under aerobic conditions in minimal media. Additionally, we demonstrate that high concentrations of expensive cofactors are not necessary to achieve optimal production titers. This study lays the groundwork for continual iteration on this pathway for bioprocess development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acssynbio.6c00289","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T18:01:43Z","timestamp":1789149703000},"page":"4090-4098","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Glycerol Alone Effects 1,3-Propanediol Production via the Aerobic Propanediol Utilization Pathway in\n                    <i>Salmonella enterica<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9322-4454","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Madeline R.","family":"Joseph","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University , , , ,","place":["Evanston, Illinois, United States, 60208"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0046-6404","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Brett J.","family":"Palmero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University , , , ,","place":["Evanston, Illinois, United States, 60208"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2944-5439","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nolan W.","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University , , , ,","place":["Evanston, Illinois, United States, 60208"]},{"name":"Northwestern University , , , ,","place":["Evanston, Illinois, United States, 60208"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6734-480X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Danielle","family":"Tullman-Ercek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University , , , ,","place":["Evanston, Illinois, United States, 60208"]},{"name":"Northwestern University , , , ,","place":["Evanston, Illinois, United States, 60208"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026101610062339200_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127485","article-title":"New Trends on Crude Glycerol Purification: A Review","volume":"340","author":"Attarbachi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"issue":"40","key":"2026101610062339200_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14716","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.4c04691","article-title":"Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Glycerol Valorization Routes to 1,2- and 1,3-Propanediol Based on Process Modeling","volume":"12","author":"Vanapalli","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Sustain. 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