{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T20:18:02Z","timestamp":1788466682168,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,24]],"date-time":"2015-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1427155200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/page\/policy\/authorchoice_termsofuse.html"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01GM089918"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01GM089918"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R41DK094571"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R41DK094571"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21ES015620"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21ES015620"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We have developed a thiol-modified nanoporous silica material (SH-SAMMS) as an oral therapy for the prevention and treatment of heavy metal poisoning. SH-SAMMS has been reported to be highly efficient at capturing heavy metals in biological fluids and water. Herein, SH-SAMMS was examined for efficacy and safety in both in vitro and in vivo animal models for the oral detoxification of heavy metals. In simulated gastrointestinal fluids, SH-SAMMS had a very high affinity (Kd) for methyl mercury (MeHg(I)), inorganic mercury (Hg(II)), lead (Pb(II)), and cadmium (Cd(II)) and was superior to other SAMMS with carboxylic acid or phosphonic acid ligands or commercially available metal chelating sorbents. SH-SAMMS also effectively removed Hg from biologically digested fish tissue with no effect on most nutritional minerals found in fish. SH-SAMMS could hold Hg(II) and MeHg(I) tightly inside the nanosize pores, thus preventing bacteria from converting them to more absorbable forms. Rats fed a diet containing MeHg(I), Cd(II), and Pb(II) and SH-SAMMS for 2 weeks had blood Hg levels significantly lower than rats fed the metal-rich diet only. Upon cessation of the metal-rich diet, continued administration of SH-SAMMS for 2 weeks facilitated faster and more extensive clearance of Hg than in animals not continued on oral SH-SAMMS. Rats receiving SH-SAMMS also suffered less weight loss as a result of the metal exposure. Retention of Hg and Cd in major organs was lowest in rats fed with SH-SAMMS throughout the entire four weeks. The reduction of blood Pb by SH-SAMMS was significant. SH-SAMMS was safe to intestinal epithelium model (Caco-2) and common intestinal bacteria (Escherichia coli). Altogether, it has great potential as a new oral drug for the treatment of heavy metal poisoning. This new application is enabled by the installation of tailored interfacial chemistry upon nontoxic nanoporous materials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/am5007707","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,24]],"date-time":"2014-03-24T10:42:32Z","timestamp":1395657752000},"page":"5483-5493","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Novel Oral\nDetoxification of Mercury, Cadmium, And Lead with Thiol-Modified Nanoporous\nSilica"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Thanapon","family":"Sangvanich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU) , , , ,","place":["Portland, Oregon, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingga","family":"Morry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU) , , , ,","place":["Portland, Oregon, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cade","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU) , , , ,","place":["Portland, Oregon, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Worapol","family":"Ngamcherdtrakul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU) , , , ,","place":["Portland, Oregon, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaun","family":"Goodyear","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU) , , , ,","place":["Portland, Oregon, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU) , , , ,","place":["Portland, Oregon, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glen E.","family":"Fryxell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) , , ,","place":["Richland, Washington, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond S.","family":"Addleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) , , ,","place":["Richland, Washington, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne O.","family":"Summers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Georgia , , , ,","place":["Athens, Georgia, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wassana","family":"Yantasee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU) , , , ,","place":["Portland, Oregon, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090315395912000_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2011.06.035","article-title":"Mercury Exposure and\nRisks from Dental Amalgam in the US Population, Post-2000","volume":"409","author":"Richardson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"2026090315395912000_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1007\/s10534-009-9261-0","article-title":"Assessment of Chronic\nMercury Exposure within the U.S. Population, National Health and Nutrition\nExamination Survey, 1999\u20132006","volume":"22","author":"Laks","year":"2009","journal-title":"BioMetals"},{"key":"2026090315395912000_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1996.9936021","article-title":"Total and\ninorganic mercury in breast milk in relation to fish consumption and\namalgam in lactating women","volume":"51","author":"Oskarsson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch. Environ. Health"},{"key":"2026090315395912000_cit4","first-page":"314","article-title":"A Review of the Use of Mercury in\nHistoric and Current Ritualistic and Spiritual Practices","volume":"16","author":"Masur","year":"2011","journal-title":"Altern. Med. Rev."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2026090315395912000_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.02110s111","article-title":"The Three\nModern Faces of Mercury","volume":"110","author":"Clarkson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"2026090315395912000_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.20476","article-title":"Mechanisms of Mercury Disposition\nin the Body","volume":"50","author":"Clarkson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Ind. Med."},{"key":"2026090315395912000_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-0590(85)90165-4","article-title":"Biliary Secretion\nof Glutathione and of Glutathione-metal Complexes","volume":"5","author":"Ballatori","year":"1985","journal-title":"Fundam. Appl. Toxicol."},{"key":"2026090315395912000_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-6445(03)00046-9","article-title":"Bacterial Mercury Resistance from\nAtoms to Ecosystems","volume":"27","author":"Barkay","year":"2003","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"2026090315395912000_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)10803-3","article-title":"Gamma-Glutamyltransferase-dependent\nBiliary-hepatic Recycling of Methyl Mercury in the Guinea Pig","volume":"262","author":"Dutczak","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"2026090315395912000_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1159\/000047450","article-title":"Dental Amalgam Fillings and the Amount\nof Organic Mercury in Human Saliva","volume":"35","author":"Leistevuo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Caries Res."},{"key":"2026090315395912000_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2863","DOI":"10.1039\/b702422c","article-title":"Design and Synthesis of Self-assembled\nMonolayers on Mesoporous Supports (SAMMS): The Importance of Ligand\nPosture in Functional Nanomaterials","volume":"17","author":"Fryxell","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Mater.\nChem."},{"key":"2026090315395912000_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2749","DOI":"10.1021\/am100616b","article-title":"Functionalized\nNanoporous Silica for the Removal of Heavy Metals from Biological\nSystems: Adsorption and Application","volume":"2","author":"Yantasee","year":"2010","journal-title":"ACS Appl.\nMater. Interfaces."},{"key":"2026090315395912000_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1126\/science.276.5314.923","article-title":"Functionalized Monolayers on Ordered Mesoporous Supports","volume":"276","author":"Feng","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026090315395912000_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5114","DOI":"10.1021\/es0705238","article-title":"Removal\nof Heavy Metals from Aqueous Systems with Thiol Functionalized Superparamagnetic\nNanoparticles","volume":"41","author":"Yantasee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026090315395912000_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6390","DOI":"10.1021\/es101165c","article-title":"Selective Removal of Copper(II) from\nNatural Waters by Nanoporous Sorbents Functionalized with Chelating\nDiamines","volume":"44","author":"Chouyyok","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026090315395912000_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inoche.2009.02.003","article-title":"Synthesis\nof Nanoporous Iminodiacetic Acid Sorbents for Binding Transition Metals","volume":"12","author":"Busche","year":"2009","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem. Commun."},{"key":"2026090315395912000_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1097\/HP.0b013e3181ce5f3e","article-title":"Functional\nSorbents for Selective Capture of Plutonium, Americium, Uranium, and\nThorium in Blood","volume":"99","author":"Yantasee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Health Phys."},{"key":"2026090315395912000_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2009.05.002","article-title":"Novel Sorbents for Removal of Gadolinium-based Contrast\nAgents in Sorbent Dialysis and Hemoperfusion: Preventive Approaches\nto Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis","volume":"6","author":"Yantasee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nanomedicine"},{"key":"2026090315395912000_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.03.004","article-title":"Selective Removal\nof Lanthanides from Natural Waters, Acidic Streams and Dialysate","volume":"168","author":"Yantasee","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"2026090315395912000_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1166\/jnn.2005.096","article-title":"Hydroxypyridinone Functionalized Self-assembled Monolayers on Nanoporous\nSilica for Sequestering Lanthanide Cations","volume":"5","author":"Yantasee","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"2026090315395912000_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1021\/es049169t","article-title":"Incorporation of Hydroxypyridinone\nLigands into Self-assembled Monolayers on Mesoporous Supports for\nSelective Actinide Sequestration","volume":"39","author":"Lin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Sci.\nTechnol."},{"key":"2026090315395912000_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1021\/es049201j","article-title":"Actinide Sequestration Using Self-assembled Monolayers on Mesoporous\nSupports","volume":"39","author":"Fryxell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026090315395912000_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3073","DOI":"10.1021\/es100787m","article-title":"Phosphate\nRemoval by Anion Binding on Functionalized Nanoporous Sorbents","volume":"44","author":"Chouyyok","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026090315395912000_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2148","DOI":"10.1021\/cm990104c","article-title":"Design and Synthesis of Selective\nMesoporous Anion Traps","volume":"11","author":"Fryxell","year":"1999","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"2026090315395912000_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2010.06.019","article-title":"Selective Capture of Cesium and Thallium\nfrom Natural Waters and Simulated Wastes with Copper Ferrocyanide\nFunctionalized Mesoporous Silica","volume":"182","author":"Sangvanich","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Hazard.\nMater."},{"key":"2026090315395912000_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1097\/HP.0b013e3181bca9b0","article-title":"In Vitro and\nIn Vivo Evaluation of a Novel Ferrocyanide Functionalized Nanopourous\nSilica Decorporation Agent for Cesium in Rats","volume":"99","author":"Timchalk","year":"2010","journal-title":"Health Phys."},{"key":"2026090315395912000_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1080\/01496399908951084","article-title":"Mercury Separation and Immobilization\nUsing Self-assembled Monolayers on Mesoporous Supports (SAMMS)","volume":"34","author":"Chen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sep. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026090315395912000_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3809","DOI":"10.1081\/SS-120024232","article-title":"Removal of Heavy\nMetals from Aqueous Solution Using Novel Nanoengineered Sorbents:\nSelf-assembled Carbamoylphosphonic Acids on Mesoporous Silica","volume":"38","author":"Yantasee","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sep. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026090315395912000_cit29","volume-title":"USPXXII","year":"1990","edition":"22"},{"key":"2026090315395912000_cit30","volume-title":"USPXXVI","year":"2003","edition":"26"},{"key":"2026090315395912000_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1007\/s002440010155","article-title":"Oral Bioavailability\nof Lead and Arsenic from a NIST Standard Reference Soil Material","volume":"40","author":"Ellickson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"key":"2026090315395912000_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-9697(99)00402-7","article-title":"The Estimation of\nthe Bioaccessibility of Heavy Metals in Soils using Artificial Biofluids\nby Two Novel Methods: Mass-balance and Soil Recapture","volume":"243\/244","author":"Hamel","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"2026090315395912000_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/S1773-2247(05)50049-2","article-title":"Dissolution of pH Responsive Formulations in Media\nResembling Intestinal Fluids: Bicarbonate Versus Phosphate Buffers","volume":"15","author":"Fadda","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Drug Delivery Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026090315395912000_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2009.08.003","article-title":"Physiological Bicarbonate\nBuffers: Stabilisation and Use as Dissolution Media for Modified Release\nSystems","volume":"382","author":"Fadda","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"2026090315395912000_cit35","volume-title":"CRC Handbook of Chemistry\nand Physics","author":"Lide","year":"2007","edition":"88"},{"key":"2026090315395912000_cit36","volume-title":"Chemistry","author":"Olmsted","year":"2004","edition":"4"},{"key":"2026090315395912000_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.112.3.1228-1236.1972","article-title":"Mercury Resistance in a Plasmid-Bearing\nStrain of Escherichia Coli","volume":"112","author":"Summers","year":"1972","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"2026090315395912000_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.113.2.1070-1072.1973","article-title":"Volatilization of mercuric\nchloride by mercury-resistant plasmid-bearing strains of Escherichia\ncoli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"113","author":"Summers","year":"1973","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"2026090315395912000_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.7816","article-title":"Methylmercury Contamination\nof Laboratory Animal Diets","volume":"113","author":"Weiss","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Health\nPerspect."},{"key":"2026090315395912000_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1021\/ed045p581","article-title":"Hard and Soft Acids\nand Bases, HSAB, Part 1: Fundamental Principles","volume":"45","author":"Pearson","year":"1968","journal-title":"J. Chem. 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Technol."},{"key":"2026090315395912000_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1128\/mr.52.4.433-451.1988","article-title":"Genetic and Physical Map of Plasmid NR1: Comparison\nwith other IncFII Antibiotic Resistance Plasmids","volume":"52","author":"Womble","year":"1988","journal-title":"Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"2026090315395912000_cit51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4494","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.63.11.4494-4503.1997","article-title":"Association of Mercury\nResistance with Antibiotic Resistance in the Gram-negative Fecal Bacteria\nof Primates","volume":"63","author":"Wireman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"2026090315395912000_cit52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.63.3.1066-1076.1997","article-title":"Phylogeny of Mercury Resistance (mer) Operons of Gram-negative\nBacteria Isolated from the Fecal Flora of Primates","volume":"63","author":"Liebert","year":"1997","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"2026090315395912000_cit53","first-page":"441","article-title":"The Impact of Mercury\nReleased from Dental \u201cSilver\u201d Fillings on Antibiotic\nResistances in the Primate Oral and Intestinal Bacterial Flora","volume":"34","author":"Liebert","year":"1997","journal-title":"Met. Ions Biol. Syst."}],"container-title":["ACS Applied Materials &amp; Interfaces"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/am5007707","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aamick\/article-pdf\/6\/8\/5483\/8520802\/am5007707.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aamick\/article-pdf\/6\/8\/5483\/8520802\/am5007707.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T19:40:11Z","timestamp":1788464411000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aamick\/article\/6\/8\/5483\/822702\/Novel-Oral-Detoxification-of-Mercury-Cadmium-And"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,24]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,23]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/am5007707","relation":{},"ISSN":["1944-8244","1944-8252"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1944-8244","type":"print"},{"value":"1944-8252","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,24]]}}}