{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T18:24:17Z","timestamp":1791224657902,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biochemistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,3,1]]},"DOI":"10.1021\/bi962155i","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T05:05:07Z","timestamp":1027659907000},"page":"2884-2897","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Kinetics and Motional Dynamics of Spin-Labeled Yeast Iso-1-cytochrome <i>c<\/i>:\u2009 1. Stopped-Flow Electron Paramagnetic Resonance as a Probe for Protein Folding\/Unfolding of the C-Terminal Helix Spin-Labeled at Cysteine 102"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Kunbin","family":"Qu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Chemistry, Physics, and Biological Sciences, Center for Biophysics and Biochemistry, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York 12222, and Institute of Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotnikov 32\/46, 02668 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey L.","family":"Vaughn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Chemistry, Physics, and Biological Sciences, Center for Biophysics and Biochemistry, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York 12222, and Institute of Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotnikov 32\/46, 02668 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrzej","family":"Sienkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Chemistry, Physics, and Biological Sciences, Center for Biophysics and Biochemistry, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York 12222, and Institute of Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotnikov 32\/46, 02668 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles P.","family":"Scholes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Chemistry, Physics, and Biological Sciences, Center for Biophysics and Biochemistry, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York 12222, and Institute of Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotnikov 32\/46, 02668 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacquelyn S.","family":"Fetrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Chemistry, Physics, and Biological Sciences, Center for Biophysics and Biochemistry, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York 12222, and Institute of Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotnikov 32\/46, 02668 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1\/atypb2","volume-title":"Biochemistry 28, 7806\u22127812","author":"Altenbach C.","year":"1989"},{"key":"atypb3\/atypb4","volume-title":"Science 241, 1088\u22121092","author":"Altenbach C.","year":"1990"},{"key":"atypb5\/atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8684","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00099a028","volume":"30","author":"Auld D. S.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"atypb7\/atypb8","volume-title":"Science 269, 192\u2212197","author":"Bai Y.","year":"1995"},{"key":"atypb9\/atypb10","first-page":"130","volume-title":"L. J., & Ruben","volume":"8","author":"Bales B. L.","year":"1989"},{"key":"atypb11\/atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(92)90255-I","volume":"223","author":"Berghuis A. M.","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"atypb13\/atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.1994.1086","volume":"235","author":"Berghuis A. M.","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"atypb15\/atypb16","volume-title":"Spin Labeling:\u2009 Theory and Applications","author":"Berliner L. J.","year":"1976"},{"key":"atypb17\/atypb18","volume-title":"Biochemistry 31, 12337\u221212344","author":"Betz S. F.","year":"1992"},{"key":"atypb19\/atypb20","unstructured":"Bevington, P. R. (1969)Data Reduction and Error Analysis for the PhysicalSciences, Chapter 4, pp 56\u221265, McGraw-Hill, New York."},{"key":"atypb21\/atypb22","volume":"258","author":"Brems D. N.","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"atypb23\/atypb24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(90)90200-6","volume":"214","author":"Bushnell G. W.","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"atypb25\/atypb26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1975.tb03969.x","volume":"52","author":"Carlsson U.","year":"1975","journal-title":"Eur. J. Biochem."},{"key":"atypb27\/atypb28","volume-title":"Biochemistry 34","author":"Carra J. H.","year":"1995"},{"key":"atypb29\/atypb30","volume-title":"Biochemistry 33, 10842\u221210850","author":"Carra J. H.","year":"1994"},{"key":"atypb31\/atypb32","volume-title":"Protein Sci. 3, 1253\u22121260","author":"Cohen D. S.","year":"1994"},{"key":"atypb33\/atypb34","volume-title":"Biochemistry 35, 5538\u22125549","author":"Col\u00f3n W.","year":"1996"},{"key":"atypb35\/atypb36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)41390-2","volume":"250","author":"Cottrell S. F.","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"atypb37\/atypb38","volume-title":"Nat. Struct. Biol. 1, 135\u2212138","author":"Creighton T. E.","year":"1994"},{"key":"atypb39\/atypb40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1093\/protein\/1.2.95","volume":"1","author":"Cutler R. L.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Protein Eng."},{"key":"atypb41\/atypb42","volume-title":"Biochemistry 31, 6876\u22126883","author":"El\u00f6ve G. A.","year":"1992"},{"key":"atypb43\/atypb44","volume-title":"Biochemistry 33, 6925\u22126935","author":"El\u00f6ve G. A.","year":"1994"},{"key":"atypb45\/atypb46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2795(77)90166-0","volume":"494","author":"Elwell M. L.","year":"1977","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"atypb47\/atypb48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.1993.1077","volume":"229","author":"Eriksson A. E.","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"atypb49\/atypb50","volume-title":"Science 262, 1416\u22121419","author":"Farahbakash Z. T.","year":"1993"},{"key":"atypb51\/atypb52","volume-title":"Funct., Genet. 6, 372\u2212381.","author":"Fetrow J. S.","year":"1989"},{"key":"atypb53\/atypb54","volume-title":"Protein Sci. 6, 197\u2212210","author":"Fetrow J. S.","year":"1997"},{"key":"atypb55\/atypb56","volume":"108","author":"Fielding L.","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"atypb57\/atypb58","volume-title":"Biochemistry 32, 929\u2212936","author":"Fredericks Z. L.","year":"1993"},{"key":"atypb59\/atypb60","volume":"47","author":"Froncisz W.","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Magn. Reson."},{"key":"atypb61\/atypb62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)35777-0","volume":"261","author":"Hampsey D. M.","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"atypb63\/atypb64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1139536","volume":"58","author":"Hubbell W. L.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Instrum."},{"key":"atypb65\/atypb66","volume-title":"W. A. (1993)","author":"Jones C. M.","year":"1860"},{"key":"atypb67\/atypb68","volume-title":"L. J., & Ruben","volume":"3","author":"Keller R. M.","year":"1981"},{"key":"atypb69\/atypb70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(95)79892-7","volume":"69","author":"Lindgren M.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"atypb71\/atypb72","volume-title":"Biochemistry 34, 7102\u22127112","author":"Linske-O'Connell L. I.","year":"1995"},{"key":"atypb73\/atypb74","volume-title":"Biochemistry 34, 5259\u22125268","author":"Lo T. P.","year":"1995"},{"key":"atypb75\/atypb76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(90)90197-T","volume":"214","author":"Louie G. V.","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"atypb77\/atypb78","volume":"71","author":"Margoliash E.","year":"1959","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"atypb79\/atypb80","volume-title":"Biochemistry 34, 3140\u22123143","author":"Marmorino J. L.","year":"1995"},{"key":"atypb81\/atypb82","first-page":"303","volume-title":"L. J., & Ruben","volume":"8","author":"Marsh D.","year":"1989"},{"key":"atypb83\/atypb84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(20)81894-8","volume":"258","author":"Mascarenhas R.","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"atypb85\/atypb86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(82)90335-7","volume":"156","author":"Matsuura Y.","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"atypb87\/atypb88","volume-title":"Biochemistry 35, 7692\u22127704","author":"Mchaourab H. S.","year":"1996"},{"key":"atypb89\/atypb90","volume-title":"Biochemistry 30, 9498\u22129503","author":"Miick S. M.","year":"1991"},{"key":"atypb91\/atypb92","unstructured":"Moore, G. R. & Pettigrew, G. W. (1990)Cytochromes c Evolutionary,Structural and Physicochemical Aspects, pp 49\u221255, Springer-Verlag, Berlin."},{"key":"atypb93\/atypb94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.15.8633","volume":"271","author":"Mulligan-Pullyblank P.","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"atypb95\/atypb96","volume":"227","author":"Murphy M. E. P.","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"atypb97\/atypb98","volume-title":"Protein Sci. 2, 1429\u22121440","author":"Murphy M. E. P.","year":"1993"},{"key":"atypb99\/atypb100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Myer, Y. P. (1985)Current Topics in Bioenergetics, Vol. 14, pp 149\u2212188, Academic Press, Inc., New York.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-152514-9.50012-5"},{"key":"atypb101\/atypb102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(83)80092-8","volume":"166","author":"Ochi H.","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"atypb103\/atypb104","volume-title":"Methods Enzymol. 131, 266\u2212280","author":"Pace C. N.","year":"1986"},{"key":"atypb105\/atypb106","unstructured":"Pace, C. N., Shirley, B. A. & Thomson, J. A. (1989) inProtein Structure:\u2009 APractical Approach(Creighton, T. E., Ed.), pp 311\u2212330, Oxford University Press, Oxford."},{"key":"atypb107\/atypb108","volume-title":"Science 271, 1558\u22121560","author":"Pascher T.","year":"1996"},{"key":"atypb109\/atypb110","volume-title":"Biochemistry 34, 3268\u22123276","author":"Pielak G. J.","year":"1995"},{"key":"atypb111\/atypb112","volume-title":"Nature 335, 700\u2212704","author":"Roder H.","year":"1988"},{"key":"atypb113\/atypb114","volume-title":"Biochemistry 27, 8063\u22128068","author":"Santoro M. M.","year":"1988"},{"key":"atypb115\/atypb116","volume-title":"Biopolymers 17, 1305\u22121322","author":"Schellman J. A.","year":"1978"},{"key":"atypb117\/atypb118","volume-title":"in Protein Folding","author":"Schmid F. X.","year":"1992"},{"key":"atypb119\/atypb120","first-page":"76","volume-title":"L. J., & Ruben","volume":"8","author":"Schneider D. J.","year":"1989"},{"key":"atypb121\/atypb122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)39884-8","volume":"252","author":"Schweingruber M. E.","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"atypb123\/atypb124","volume-title":"Genetics 77, 255\u2212284","author":"Sherman F.","year":"1974"},{"key":"atypb125\/atypb126","volume-title":"Science 259, 960\u2212963","author":"Shin Y.-K.","year":"1993"},{"key":"atypb127\/atypb128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1144748","volume":"65","author":"Sienkiewicz A.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Instrum."},{"key":"atypb129\/atypb130","volume-title":"Nat. Struct. Biol. 1, 149\u2212156","author":"Sosnick T. R.","year":"1994"},{"key":"atypb131\/atypb132","volume-title":"Proteins 24, 413\u2212426","author":"Sosnick T. R.","year":"1996"},{"key":"atypb133\/atypb134","volume-title":"Science 266, 105\u2212107","author":"Steinhoff H.","year":"1994"},{"key":"atypb135\/atypb136","volume-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77, 6371\u22126375","author":"Takano T.","year":"1980"},{"key":"atypb137\/atypb138","volume":"251","author":"Timkovich R.","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"atypb139\/atypb140","volume-title":"Biochemistry 30, 5515\u22125523","author":"Todd A. P.","year":"1991"},{"key":"atypb141\/atypb142","volume-title":"Proteins 6, 294\u2212305","author":"Todd A. P.","year":"1989"},{"key":"atypb143\/atypb144","volume-title":"Biochemistry 15, 5467\u22125473","author":"Tsong T. Y.","year":"1976"},{"key":"atypb145\/atypb146","volume-title":"Protein Sci. 2, 395\u2212403","author":"Wynn R.","year":"1993"},{"key":"atypb147\/atypb148","volume-title":"Biochemistry 22, 1430\u22121437","author":"Zuniga E. H.","year":"1983"},{"key":"bi962155ib00001\/bi962155ib00001_1","volume-title":"electron paramagnetic resonance","author":"Abbreviations EPR"},{"key":"bi962155ib00002\/bi962155ib00002_1","volume-title":"VL. This is a","volume":"15","author":"Stokes\u2212Einstein"},{"key":"bi962155ib00003\/bi962155ib00003_1","unstructured":"When there is a Gaussian line EPR shape with a natural width \u0394Hi(\u0394Hi= width between derivative extrema) and a spin\u2212spin interaction whose strength in magnetic field units is \u00b11\/2\u0394Hss, the Gaussian line width is increased by this additional random field to \u0394H= (\u0394Hi2+ \u0394Hss2)1\/2. The centralM= 0 EPR feature has an intrinsic Gaussian line width due to unresolved proton hyperfine structure in the absence of such an additional spin\u2212spin interaction. When the line width increased by 1 G from \u0394Hi= 10 G to \u0394H= 11 G, then \u0394Hss\u2248 5 G. The dipolar interaction, \u0394Hss, is given by \u0394Hss=ge\u03b2e\/r3for two interactingge= 2 electrons and is on the order of 5 G when the interelectron distancer\u223c 15 \u00c5. We resolved such a dipolar interaction to estimate the distance between the heme irons of cytochromeaanda3in cytochromecoxidase (Mascarenhas et al., 1983)."},{"key":"bi962155ib00004\/bi962155ib00004_1","unstructured":"The contribution to the dynamically broadened ambient temperature spin probe line width, \u03b4H(in Gauss), from distance-dependent, dipolar interaction is as follows. \u03b4H= (5 \u00d7 1015)\u03c4e\/R6, whereR(in angstrom) is the iron to nitroxide distance and \u03c4eis the ferric heme electron spin relaxation time (Fielding et al., 1986). Under ambient conditions, \u03c4ehas been estimated at 2 \u00d7 10-12s for the heme iron of low-spin ferric cytochromec(Keller & W\u00fcthrich, 1981), and the UV\u2212Vis spectrum of our cytochromecindicates that the heme is low-spin ferric. The expected broadening, \u03b4H, of the ambient temperature line shape would be expected to be <<<1 G. The inference is that the ambient temperature EPR line shape of the probe attached to cytochromecreflects probe\/protein tumbling,notspin\u2212spin interaction between probe and low-spin ferric iron."},{"key":"bi962155ib00005\/bi962155ib00005_1","unstructured":"For C102-SL, the EPR methods of Lindgren et al. (1995) were used to probe for multiple inflection points which might occur in thermal or chemical melting curves if there were multiple, significantly populated equilibrium states beyond the folded and the unfolded, denatured states. No additional inflection point beyond the expected one atTmorCmwas found."}],"container-title":["Biochemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/bi962155i","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]],"date-time":"2023-03-07T16:50:44Z","timestamp":1678207844000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/10.1021\/bi962155i"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,3,1]]},"references-count":79,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,3,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1021\/bi962155i"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/bi962155i","relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-2960","1520-4995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-2960","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-4995","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,3,1]]}}}