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This review maps the evolution of ECL imaging along three major axes: (i) spatiotemporal resolution, enabled by advanced luminophores, confined and built-in coreactant pathways, nanozyme catalysis, and 3D emissive-layer control; (ii) digitalization, in which analog luminescence is converted into discrete, statistically robust events for ultrasensitive quantification; and (iii) intelligent analysis, where artificial intelligence enhances denoising, emitter localization, dynamic tracking, multiplexed decoding, and kinetic inference. Mechanistic innovations\u2500such as nanoscale confinement, intramolecular coreactant design, in situ conversion of endogenous metabolites, and asymmetric nanostructures\u2500provide brighter, more localized, and biocompatible emission sources. Parallel advances in materials (metal nanoclusters, quantum dots, perovskites, AIE luminogens, Janus particles), imaging platforms (SECL\/PECL modes, super-resolution strategies, microfluidics, smartphone\/Raspberry-Pi devices, and large-scale bipolar-electrode arrays), and digital\/AI pipelines collectively enable the high-fidelity capture of dynamic processes from single molecules to complex 3D spheroids. Together, these developments establish a coherent spatiotemporal\u2013digital\u2013intelligent framework and position ECL imaging as a versatile, scalable, and excitation-free modality for next-generation biosensing, clinical diagnostics, drug screening, environmental monitoring, and functional material characterization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/cbmi.5c00257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T18:00:08Z","timestamp":1772560808000},"page":"1570-1591","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Spatiotemporal and\nDigital Electrochemiluminescence\nImaging for Intelligent Quantitative Biosensing"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Yu","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , , , ,","place":["Changchun, Jilin, China, 130022"]},{"name":"University of Science and Technology of China , , , ,","place":["Hefei, Anhui, China, 230026"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinwei","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , , , ,","place":["Changchun, Jilin, China, 130022"]},{"name":"University of Science and Technology of China , , , ,","place":["Hefei, Anhui, China, 230026"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tadele","family":"Eticha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , , , ,","place":["Changchun, Jilin, China, 130022"]},{"name":"University of Science and Technology of China , , , ,","place":["Hefei, Anhui, China, 230026"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dejana","family":"Bes\u030clic\u0301","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , , , ,","place":["Changchun, Jilin, China, 130022"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saman","family":"Hosseinkhani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , , , ,","place":["Changchun, Jilin, China, 130022"]},{"name":"Tarbiat Modares University , , P.O. 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