{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T11:41:58Z","timestamp":1790595718416,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,1]],"date-time":"2015-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1448928000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/page\/policy\/authorchoice_termsofuse.html"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MH1R01NS076875"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MH1R01NS076875"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Drosophila melanogaster is a widely used model organism for studying neurological diseases with similar neurotransmission to mammals. While both larva and adult Drosophila have central nervous systems, not much is known about how neurotransmitter tissue content changes through development. In this study, we quantified tyramine, serotonin, octopamine, and dopamine in larval, pupal, and adult fly brains using capillary electrophoresis coupled to fast-scan cyclic voltammetry. Tyramine and octopamine content varied between life stages, with almost no octopamine being present in the pupa, while tyramine levels in the pupa were very high. Adult females had significantly higher dopamine content than males, but no other neurotransmitters were dependent on sex in the adult. Understanding the tissue content of different life stages will be beneficial for future work comparing the effects of diseases on tissue content throughout development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/cn500261e","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,1]],"date-time":"2014-12-01T15:02:29Z","timestamp":1417446149000},"page":"117-123","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Analysis of Neurotransmitter Tissue Content of\n                    <i>Drosophila melanogaster<\/i>\n                    in Different Life Stages"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Madelaine E.","family":"Denno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Virginia , , , ,","place":["Charlottesville, Virginia, United States, 22904"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eve","family":"Privman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Virginia , , , ,","place":["Charlottesville, Virginia, United States, 22904"]},{"name":"University of Virginia , , , ,","place":["Charlottesville, Virginia, United States, 22904"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B. Jill","family":"Venton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Virginia , , , ,","place":["Charlottesville, Virginia, United States, 22904"]},{"name":"University of Virginia , , , ,","place":["Charlottesville, Virginia, United States, 22904"]},{"name":"University of Virginia , , , ,","place":["Charlottesville, Virginia, United States, 22904"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090120232463000_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.3109\/01677060009084498","article-title":"Isolation of Larval Behavioral Mutants\nin Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"14","author":"Shaver","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neurogenet."},{"key":"2026090120232463000_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3589","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.00528","article-title":"The pattern of neuroblast formation,\nmitotic domains and proneural gene expression during early brain development\nin Drosophila","volume":"130","author":"Urbach","year":"2003","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2026090120232463000_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.02814","article-title":"Cell lineage-specific\nexpression and function of the empty spiracles gene in adult brain\ndevelopment of Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"134","author":"Lichtneckert","year":"2007","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2026090120232463000_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.119.4.1251","article-title":"Programmed cell\ndeath in the Drosophila CNS is ecdysone-regulated\nand coupled with a specific ecdysone receptor isoform","volume":"119","author":"Robinow","year":"1993","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2026090120232463000_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(88)90067-X","article-title":"Spatial and temporal patterns of neurogenesis in the central nervous\nsystem of Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"125","author":"Truman","year":"1988","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"2026090120232463000_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.3.1188","article-title":"A cocaine-sensitive Drosophila serotonin transporter: cloning, expression, and\nelectrophysiological characterization","volume":"91","author":"Corey","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc.\nNatl. Acad. Sci. U. S .A."},{"key":"2026090120232463000_cit7","first-page":"83","article-title":"The Antidepressant-Sensitive\nDopamine Transporter in Drosophila melanogaster:\nA Primordial Carrier for Catecholamines","volume":"59","author":"Po\u0308rzgen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol.\nPharmacol."},{"key":"2026090120232463000_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ento.50.071803.130404","article-title":"Tyramine and Octopamine: Ruling Behavior\nand Metabolism","volume":"50","author":"Roeder","year":"2004","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Entomol."},{"key":"2026090120232463000_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9306","DOI":"10.1021\/ac901638z","article-title":"Detection\nof Endogenous Dopamine Changes in Drosophila melanogaster Using Fast-Scan Cyclic Voltammetry","volume":"81","author":"Vickrey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anal.\nChem."},{"key":"2026090120232463000_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2010.06588.x","article-title":"Both synthesis\nand reuptake are critical for replenishing the releasable serotonin\npool in Drosophila","volume":"113","author":"Borue","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"2026090120232463000_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001742","article-title":"Overexpression\nof the Drosophila vesicular monoamine transporter\nincreases motor activity and courtship but decreases the behavioral\nresponse to cocaine","volume":"11","author":"Chang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026090120232463000_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.112.142042","article-title":"Dispensable, Redundant, Complementary, and Cooperative\nRoles of Dopamine, Octopamine, and Serotonin in Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"193","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"2026090120232463000_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1886","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.200900761","article-title":"Determination of salsolinol, norsalsolinol, and twenty-one\nbiogenic amines using micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography-electrochemical\ndetection","volume":"31","author":"Kuklinski","year":"2010","journal-title":"Electrophoresis"},{"key":"2026090120232463000_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6902","DOI":"10.1021\/ac050963m","article-title":"Analysis\nof Biogenic Amine Variability among Individual Fly Heads with Micellar\nElectrokinetic Capillary Chromatography\u2013Electrochemical Detection","volume":"77","author":"Powell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"2026090120232463000_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2704","DOI":"10.1039\/c3ay40222c","article-title":"Quantitation of\ndopamine, serotonin and adenosine content in a tissue punch from a\nbrain slice using capillary electrophoresis with fast-scan cyclic\nvoltammetry detection","volume":"5","author":"Fang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anal. Methods"},{"key":"2026090120232463000_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2258","DOI":"10.1021\/ac103092z","article-title":"Analysis\nof Biogenic Amines in a Single Drosophila Larva Brain\nby Capillary Electrophoresis with Fast-Scan Cyclic Voltammetry Detection","volume":"83","author":"Fang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"2026090120232463000_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2523","DOI":"10.1021\/ac951250e","article-title":"Head-Column Field-Amplified Sample Stacking in Binary\nSystem Capillary Electrophoresis: A Robust Approach Providing over\n1000-Fold Sensitivity Enhancement","volume":"68","author":"Zhang","year":"1996","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"2026090120232463000_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2006.03.005","article-title":"Determination of monoamines in urine by capillary electrophoresis\nwith field-amplified sample stacking and amperometric detection","volume":"835","author":"Weng","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B"},{"key":"2026090120232463000_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3193","DOI":"10.1016\/S1386-1425(03)00138-0","article-title":"Spectrophotometric study on the stability of dopamine\nand the determination of its acidity constants","volume":"59","author":"Sa\u0301nchez-Rivera","year":"2003","journal-title":"Spectrochim. Acta, Part A"},{"key":"2026090120232463000_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3900","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-12-03900.1996","article-title":"Characterization of Drosophila Tyramine \u03b2-Hydroxylase Gene and Isolation of Mutant Flies\nLacking Octopamine","volume":"16","author":"Monastirioti","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"2026090120232463000_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7729","DOI":"10.1021\/ac101603d","article-title":"Biogenic Amines in Microdissected Brain Regions of Drosophila melanogaster Measured with Micellar Electrokinetic\nCapillary Chromatography-Electrochemical Detection","volume":"82","author":"Kuklinski","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"2026090120232463000_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2005.11.001","article-title":"An improved method for the separation and detection of biogenic amines\nin adult Drosophila brain extracts by high performance\nliquid chromatography","volume":"153","author":"Hardie","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"key":"2026090120232463000_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2007.05655.x","article-title":"Influence of PCPA and MDMA (ecstasy) on physiology,\ndevelopment and behavior in Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"26","author":"Dasari","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"2026090120232463000_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1080\/01677060802441372","article-title":"Genetic Distortion of the Balance\nbetween Punishment and Relief Learning in Drosophila","volume":"23","author":"Yarali","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurogenet."},{"key":"2026090120232463000_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2005.11.001","article-title":"An improved method for the separation\nand detection of biogenic amines in adult Drosophila brain extracts by high performance liquid chromatography","volume":"153","author":"Hardie","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"key":"2026090120232463000_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903560210","article-title":"Octopamine immunoreactivity in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"356","author":"Monastirioti","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Comp.\nNeurol."},{"key":"2026090120232463000_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1002\/neu.10298","article-title":"Tyramine and octopamine have opposite\neffects on the locomotion of Drosophila larvae","volume":"58","author":"Saraswati","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurobiol."},{"key":"2026090120232463000_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D780","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkt1092","article-title":"FlyBase102-\nadvanced approaches to interrogating FlyBase","volume":"42","author":"St. Pierre","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2026090120232463000_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.20420","article-title":"Developmental\nexpression of a tyramine receptor gene in the brain of the honey bee, Apis mellifera","volume":"483","author":"Mustard","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"2026090120232463000_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.2108\/zsj.29.83","article-title":"Expression\nof \u03b2-adrenergic-like Octopamine Receptors during Drosophila Development","volume":"29","author":"Ohhara","year":"2012","journal-title":"Zool. Sci."},{"key":"2026090120232463000_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(99)00500-X","article-title":"Dopamine release\nand uptake are greater in female than male rat striatum as measured\nby fast cyclic voltammetry","volume":"95","author":"Walker","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"2026090120232463000_cit32","first-page":"275","article-title":"Biogenic amines in the brain of Manduca sexta during\nlarval-pupal metamorphosis","volume":"106","author":"Geng","year":"1993","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol.,\nPart C: Pharmacol., Toxicol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"2026090120232463000_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5539","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5290-07.2008","article-title":"Increased Dopamine Level Enhances\nMale-Male Courtship in Drosophila","volume":"28","author":"Liu","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"2026090120232463000_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.3109\/01677069809167259","article-title":"Dopamine\nModulates Female Sexual Receptivity in Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"12","author":"Neckameyer","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Neurogenet."},{"key":"2026090120232463000_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2008.08.005","article-title":"Interaction of dopamine, female pheromones,\nlocomotion and sex behavior in Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"54","author":"Wicker-Thomas","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Insect Physiol."},{"key":"2026090120232463000_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.04.044","article-title":"Sex differences\nin behavioral, neurochemical and neuroendocrine effects induced by\nthe forced swim test in rats","volume":"126","author":"Drossopoulou","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"2026090120232463000_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(86)91355-7","article-title":"Female rats are more vulnerable than\nmales in an animal model of depression: the possible role of serotonin","volume":"382","author":"Kennett","year":"1986","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"2026090120232463000_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2007.03.001","article-title":"Evolving Knowledge of Sex Differences\nin Brain Structure, Function, and Chemistry","volume":"62","author":"Cosgrove","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026090120232463000_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.01454","article-title":"Social experience and pheromonal perception can change\nmale\u2013male interactions in Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"208","author":"Svetec","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2026090120232463000_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2164","article-title":"A subset of octopaminergic neurons are important for Drosophila aggression","volume":"11","author":"Zhou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"2026090120232463000_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2007.12.052","article-title":"Octopamine\nin Male Aggression of Drosophila","volume":"18","author":"Hoyer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"2026090120232463000_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1038\/ng2029","article-title":"Serotonin and neuropeptide F have opposite modulatory\neffects on fly aggression","volume":"39","author":"Dierick","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."}],"container-title":["ACS Chemical Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/cn500261e","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acncdm\/article-pdf\/6\/1\/117\/8075459\/cn500261e.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acncdm\/article-pdf\/6\/1\/117\/8075459\/cn500261e.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:23:34Z","timestamp":1788308614000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acncdm\/article\/6\/1\/117\/785668\/Analysis-of-Neurotransmitter-Tissue-Content-of"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,1]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,21]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/cn500261e","relation":{},"ISSN":["1948-7193"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1948-7193","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,1]]}}}