{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T10:54:49Z","timestamp":1790074489485,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,2]],"date-time":"2015-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1449014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/page\/policy\/authorchoice_termsofuse.html"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000070","name":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21 EB014520"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21 EB014520"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000070","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The effect of aqueous solvent concentration in the synthesis of water-soluble thiolate-protected gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was investigated for 13 water-miscible solvents and three thiolate ligands (p-mercaptobenzoic acid, thiomalic acid, and glutathione). The results were analyzed by construction of heat maps that rank each reaction result for polydispersity. When solvents were organized in the heat map according to their Dimroth\u2013Reichardt ET parameter (an approximate measure of polarity), two \u201chot spots\u201d become apparent that are independent of the ligand used. We speculate that one hot spot may arise in part from the metal chelation or coordination ability of solvents that include diglyme, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,4-dioxane, and tetrahydrofuran. The second hot spot arises at concentrations of alcohols including 2-propanol and 1-butanol that appear to selectively precipitate a growing product, presumably stopping its growth at a certain size. We observe some tightly dispersed products that appear novel. Overall, this study expands the number of tightly dispersed water-soluble AuNPs that can be directly synthesized.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/co500072c","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,2]],"date-time":"2014-12-02T17:45:29Z","timestamp":1417542329000},"page":"11-18","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Combinatorial Discovery of Cosolvent Systems for Production\nof Narrow Dispersion Thiolate-Protected Gold Nanoparticles"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"O. Andrea","family":"Wong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Colorado State University , , , ,","place":["Fort Collins, Colorado, United States, 80523"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. Scott","family":"Compel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Colorado State University , , , ,","place":["Fort Collins, Colorado, United States, 80523"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Ackerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Colorado State University , , , ,","place":["Fort Collins, Colorado, United States, 80523"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090214322642800_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1039\/C39940000801","article-title":"Synthesis of thiol-derivatized gold\nnanoparticles in\na two-phase liquid\u2013liquid system","author":"Brust","year":"1994","journal-title":"J.\nChem. Soc., Chem. Commun."},{"key":"2026090214322642800_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1039\/c39950001655","article-title":"Synthesis and reactions of functionalized\ngold nanoparticles","author":"Brust","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun."},{"key":"2026090214322642800_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11666","DOI":"10.1021\/ja904713f","article-title":"Mass spectrometric\nidentification of Au68(SR)34 molecular gold\nnanoclusters with 34-electron shell closing","volume":"131","author":"Dass","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"2026090214322642800_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6896","DOI":"10.1021\/ja710321g","article-title":"Inhibition of HIV fusion with multivalent gold nanoparticles","volume":"130","author":"Bowman","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. 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Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"2026090214322642800_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5407","DOI":"10.1039\/B612221C","article-title":"A hollow tetrahedral cage of hexadecagold dianion provides\na robust backbone for a tuneable sub-nanometer oxidation and reduction\nagent via endohedral doping","volume":"8","author":"Walter","year":"2006","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem.\nPhys."},{"key":"2026090214322642800_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.65.611","article-title":"The physics\nof simple metal-clusters\u2500Experimental aspects and simple models","volume":"65","author":"Deheer","year":"1993","journal-title":"Rev. Mod. Phys."},{"key":"2026090214322642800_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1021\/cr030698+","article-title":"Gold nanoparticles: Assembly, supramolecular chemistry,\nquantum-size-related properties, and applications toward biology,\ncatalysis, and nanotechnology","volume":"104","author":"Daniel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"2026090214322642800_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1158881","article-title":"Remeasuring\nthe double helix","volume":"322","author":"Mathew-Fenn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026090214322642800_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.93.087204","article-title":"Permanent magnetism, magnetic anisotropy, and hysteresis\nof thiol-capped gold nanoparticles","volume":"93","author":"Crespo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Phys. Rev.\nLett."},{"key":"2026090214322642800_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19259","DOI":"10.1021\/ja207992r","article-title":"Faradaurate\nnanomolecules: A superstable plasmonic 76.3 kDa cluster","volume":"133","author":"Dass","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. 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U.S.A."},{"key":"2026090214322642800_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5056","DOI":"10.1021\/ac200789v","article-title":"Size exclusion\nchromatography for semipreparative scale separation of Au38(SR)24 and Au40(SR)24 and larger\nclusters","volume":"83","author":"Knoppe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"2026090214322642800_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4583","DOI":"10.1021\/ja1006383","article-title":"Isolation of ubiquitous\nAu40(SR)24 clusters from the 8 kDa gold clusters","volume":"132","author":"Qian","year":"2010","journal-title":"J.\nAm. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"2026090214322642800_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4222","DOI":"10.1039\/c2nr30833a","article-title":"Water-soluble Au25(Capt)18 nanoclusters: Synthesis,\nthermal stability, and optical properties","volume":"4","author":"Kumar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"2026090214322642800_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201001120","article-title":"One-pot synthesis\nof Au25(SG)18 2- and 4-nm gold nanoparticles\nand comparison of\ntheir size-dependent properties","volume":"21","author":"Wu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Adv. Funct.\nMater."},{"key":"2026090214322642800_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2976","DOI":"10.1021\/ja109131w","article-title":"Synthesis and characterization\nof Au102(p-MBA)44 nanoparticles","volume":"133","author":"Levi-Kalisman","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"2026090214322642800_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1021\/bc900135d","article-title":"Synthesis\nand bioconjugation of 2 and 3 nm-diameter gold nanoparticles","volume":"21","author":"Ackerson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bioconjugate Chem."},{"key":"2026090214322642800_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6518","DOI":"10.1021\/ja0483589","article-title":"Magic-numbered Aun clusters protected by glutathione\nmonolayers (n = 18, 21, 25, 28, 32, 39): Isolation\nand spectroscopic characterization","volume":"126","author":"Negishi","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem.\nSoc."},{"key":"2026090214322642800_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1021\/ja076333e","article-title":"Gold nanoparticle\nsize controlled by polymeric Au(I) thiolate precursor size","volume":"130","author":"Brin\u0303as","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"2026090214322642800_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2630","DOI":"10.1021\/jp993691y","article-title":"Giant gold\u2013glutathione cluster compounds: Intense\noptical activity in metal-based transitions","volume":"104","author":"Schaaff","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. B"},{"key":"2026090214322642800_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5261","DOI":"10.1021\/ja042218h","article-title":"Glutathione-protected gold clusters\nrevisited: Bridging the gap between gold(I)\u2013thiolate complexes\nand thiolate-protected gold nanocrystals","volume":"127","author":"Negishi","year":"2005","journal-title":"J.\nAm. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"2026090214322642800_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2277","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201200071","article-title":"Synthesis,\ncharacterization, and direct intracellular imaging of ultrasmall and\nuniform glutathione-coated gold nanoparticles","volume":"8","author":"Sousa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"2026090214322642800_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6550","DOI":"10.1021\/ja046114i","article-title":"Thiolate ligands for synthesis of\nwater-soluble gold clusters","volume":"127","author":"Ackerson","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"2026090214322642800_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr\/13169882","article-title":"Gold nanoparticles:\nA new X-ray contrast agent","volume":"79","author":"Hainfeld","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br. J. Radiol."},{"key":"2026090214322642800_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1038\/415152a","article-title":"Remote\nelectronic control of DNA hybridization through inductive coupling\nto an attached metal nanocrystal antenna","volume":"415","author":"Hamad-Schifferli","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["ACS Combinatorial Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/co500072c","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsccc\/article-pdf\/17\/1\/11\/8044444\/co500072c.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsccc\/article-pdf\/17\/1\/11\/8044444\/co500072c.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T18:32:42Z","timestamp":1788373962000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsccc\/article\/17\/1\/11\/784217\/Combinatorial-Discovery-of-Cosolvent-Systems-for"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,2]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/co500072c","relation":{},"ISSN":["2156-8952","2156-8944"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2156-8952","type":"print"},{"value":"2156-8944","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,2]]}}}