{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T20:50:48Z","timestamp":1791838248815,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007601","name":"Horizon 2020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["874753"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["874753"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007601","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>BACKGROUND: The evidence linking long-term exposure to air pollution and the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is still controversial. Furthermore, most studies have investigated associations with particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), disregarding their emission source and other relevant air pollutants, such as ultrafine particles (UFP) and elemental carbon (EC). OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess associations between long-term residential exposure to PM2.5, NO2, UFP, and EC and the risk of COPD, distinguishing the effects of air pollution from local traffic and other sources. METHODS: We pooled data from two large Danish cohorts, the Diet, Cancer, and Health cohort and the Danish National Health Survey. For all participants (N = 159,769), we estimated long-term air pollution exposure to total, local traffic, and other contributions, based on complete address histories. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate associations between 10-year time-weighted averaged air pollution and incident COPD, adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle factors, including smoking. We evaluated the possible modification of these associations by sex, smoking status, and previous asthma diagnosis. RESULTS: Long-term exposures to PM2.5, NO2, UFP, and EC were associated with higher risk of COPD. The highest hazard ratio (HR) per interquartile range of total contributions was observed for PM2.5 (HR: 1.11 [95% confidence interval: 1.05, 1.17]), followed by NO2 (1.08 [1.04, 1.13]), UFP (1.05 [0.99, 1.11]), and EC (1.02 [1.00, 1.05]), after full adjustment. PM2.5 from other sources than local traffic was more strongly associated with COPD than PM2.5 from local traffic, while for UFP and EC, the contributions from local traffic seemed to be the most harmful. Effect modification analyses showed stronger associations among women, never smokers, and those with an asthma diagnosis. DISCUSSION: Our findings suggest that air pollution from local traffic and other sources contributes to COPD risk, with variations depending on the pollutant type. Further research is needed to validate these findings across different populations and geographical settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/ehp.6c00128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T15:11:18Z","timestamp":1777907478000},"page":"386-396","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Source-Specific Air\nPollution and Risk of Chronic\nObstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Pooled Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"134","author":[{"given":"Manuella Lech","family":"Cantuaria","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Danish Cancer Institute , , ,","place":["Copenhagen, Denmark, 2100"]},{"name":"University of Southern Denmark , , ,","place":["Odense, Denmark, 5230"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aslak Harbo","family":"Poulsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Danish Cancer Institute , , ,","place":["Copenhagen, Denmark, 2100"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ole","family":"Raaschou-Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Danish Cancer Institute , , ,","place":["Copenhagen, Denmark, 2100"]},{"name":"Aarhus University , , ,","place":["Roskilde, Denmark, 4000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E\u0301tienne","family":"Audureau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Paris-Est Cre\u0301teil, INSERM, IMRB , ,","place":["Creteil, France, 94010"]},{"name":"Clinical Research Unit (URC), Ho\u0302pital Henri-Mondor, Assistance Publique Ho\u0302pitaux de Paris (APHP) , , ,","place":["Cre\u0301teil, France, 94000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralph","family":"Epaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Paris-Est Cre\u0301teil, INSERM, IMRB , ,","place":["Creteil, France, 94010"]},{"name":"Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Cre\u0301teil , , ,","place":["Cre\u0301teil, France, 94010"]},{"name":"Center for Rare Lung Diseases (RESPIRARE) , ,","place":["Cre\u0301teil, France, 94010"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Lanone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Paris-Est Cre\u0301teil, INSERM, IMRB , ,","place":["Creteil, France, 94010"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f8rgen","family":"Brandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aarhus University , , ,","place":["Roskilde, Denmark, 4000"]},{"name":"Aarhus University , , ,","place":["Roskilde, Denmark, 4000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lise Marie","family":"Frohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aarhus University , , ,","place":["Roskilde, Denmark, 4000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Ketzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aarhus University , , ,","place":["Roskilde, Denmark, 4000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anja","family":"Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Danish Cancer Institute , , ,","place":["Copenhagen, Denmark, 2100"]},{"name":"University of Aarhus , , ,","place":["Aarhus, Denmark, 8000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lau Caspar","family":"Thygesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southern Denmark , , ,","place":["Copenhagen, Denmark, 1455"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mette","family":"S\u00f8rensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Danish Cancer Institute , , ,","place":["Copenhagen, Denmark, 2100"]},{"name":"Roskilde University , , ,","place":["Roskilde, Denmark, 4000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026080409223511200_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.46598","article-title":"Global Burden of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Through 2050","volume":"6","author":"Boers","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2026080409223511200_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2011.03776.x","article-title":"Air pollution and\nairway disease","volume":"41","author":"Kelly","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. 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