{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T12:49:03Z","timestamp":1785847743694,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000289","name":"Cancer Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C20\/ A5860"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C20\/ A5860"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000289","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004484","name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81\/15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81\/15"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004484","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>BACKGROUND: A large proportion of the global population uses solid fuels for household purposes, and limited evidence from previous studies suggests that it might be associated with reduced renal function. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association between household use of different types of fuels and kidney disease-related mortality. METHODS: We analyzed data from the Golestan Cohort Study, a population-based prospective cohort study conducted in northeastern Iran, with 50\u202f045 individuals aged 40\u201375 years enrolled in the period 2004\u20132008 and followed through April 2023. Information about household fuel use was collected using validated questionnaires. We estimated adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using Cox proportional hazards models. The outcome of interest was death due to any kidney disease, excluding kidney cancer (ICD-10 codes: N00\u2013N19 and N25\u2013N29). RESULTS: During 724,063.62 person-years of follow-up, 262 participants died due to kidney disease. The risk of kidney disease-related mortality was higher with increasing duration of biomass use for cooking or house heating (HR for every 10-year increase: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.04\u20131.37), while it was not associated with increased duration of using kerosene (10-y HR: 1.09; 95% CI: 0.95\u20131.24) or gas (10-y HR: 1.00; 95% CI: 0.86\u20131.16). Estimates for lifetime duration of fuel burning for both cooking and house heating (exclusive fuel use) did not differ according to whether used heating stoves were chimney-equipped or not for kerosene, while they differed for biomass (10-y HR, chimney-equipped: 1.06 [95% CI: 0.95\u20131.18]; 10-y HR, not chimney-equipped: 1.19 [95% CI: 1.06\u20131.34]; Pdifference = 0.025). DISCUSSION: The findings of our study suggest that burning biomass for household purposes under poor ventilating conditions is associated with kidney disease-related mortality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/ehp.6c00520","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T09:59:38Z","timestamp":1781171978000},"page":"485-493","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Household Fuel Use and\nKidney Disease-Related Mortality:\nThe Golestan Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"134","author":[{"given":"Michele","family":"Sassano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bologna , , ,","place":["Bologna, Italy, 40138"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monireh Sadat","family":"Seyyedsalehi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bologna , , ,","place":["Bologna, Italy, 40138"]},{"name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences , , ,","place":["Tehran, Iran, 1416753955"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sudabeh","family":"Alatab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences , , ,","place":["Tehran, Iran, 1416753955"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hossein","family":"Poustchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences , , ,","place":["Tehran, Iran, 1411713135"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahdi","family":"Sheikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC - WHO) , ,","place":["Lyon, France, 69366"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arash","family":"Etemadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic Epidemiology Branch , , , ,","place":["Bethesda, Maryland, United States, 20892"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Malekzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences , , ,","place":["Tehran, Iran, 1416753955"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Boffetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bologna , , ,","place":["Bologna, Italy, 40138"]},{"name":"Stony Brook University , , , ,","place":["Stony Brook, New York, United States, 11794"]},{"name":"Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University , , , ,","place":["Stony Brook, New York, United States, 11794-8434"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026080408085265700_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2019.07.012","article-title":"A single number for advocacy and communication\u2500worldwide\nmore than 850 million individuals have kidney diseases","volume":"96","author":"Jager","year":"2019","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"2026080408085265700_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0158765","article-title":"Global\nPrevalence of\nChronic Kidney Disease \u2013 A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"11","author":"Hill","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026080408085265700_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30045-3","article-title":"Global,\nregional, and\nnational burden of chronic kidney disease, 1990\u20132017: a systematic\nanalysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"395","author":"Bikbov","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026080408085265700_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2052","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31694-5","article-title":"Forecasting\nlife expectancy,\nyears of life lost, and all-cause and cause-specific mortality for\n250 causes of death: reference and alternative scenarios for 2016\u201340\nfor 195 countries and territories","volume":"392","author":"Foreman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026080408085265700_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kisu.2021.11.003","article-title":"Epidemiology\nof chronic kidney disease: an update 2022","volume":"12","author":"Kovesdy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Kidney\nInt. 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