{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:47:13Z","timestamp":1792784833814,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":223,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101095430"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101095430"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101095611"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101095611"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Estonian Education and Youth Board","award":["F20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F20"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ. Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]]},"DOI":"10.1021\/envhealth.4c00277","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T11:48:08Z","timestamp":1751370488000},"page":"970-997","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A Review of the Evidence of the Toxicity of Chemical Substances Included in the European Union Ambient Air Quality and Drinking Water Directives: Perspectives for Health Impact Assessments"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7965-9451","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hans","family":"Orru","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Sustainable Health","place":["Umea, Sweden"]},{"name":"Umea University","place":["Umea, Sweden"]},{"name":"Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health","place":["Tartu, Estonia"]},{"name":"University of Tartu","place":["Tartu, Estonia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wasif","family":"Raza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Sustainable Health","place":["Umea, Sweden"]},{"name":"Umea University","place":["Umea, Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Forastiere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Council, IFT","place":["Palermo, Italy"]},{"name":"Environmental Research Group","place":["London, U.K."]},{"name":"Imperial College","place":["London, U.K."]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Spadaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spadaro Environmental Research Consultants (SERC)","place":["Philadelphia, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Olstrup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Sustainable Health","place":["Umea, Sweden"]},{"name":"Umea University","place":["Umea, Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nata\u0161a","family":"Dragic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine","place":["Novi Sad, Serbia"]},{"name":"University of Novi Sad","place":["Novi Sad, Serbia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivana","family":"Radic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine","place":["Novi Sad, Serbia"]},{"name":"University of Novi Sad","place":["Novi Sad, Serbia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanja","family":"Harhaji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine","place":["Novi Sad, Serbia"]},{"name":"University of Novi Sad","place":["Novi Sad, Serbia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanja","family":"Bijelovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine","place":["Novi Sad, Serbia"]},{"name":"University of Novi Sad","place":["Novi Sad, Serbia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Modig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Sustainable Health","place":["Umea, Sweden"]},{"name":"Umea University","place":["Umea, Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mike","family":"Holland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecometrics Research and Consulting (EMRC)","place":["Reading, U.K."]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandrine","family":"Andres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de l\u2019Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS)","place":["Verneuil-en-Halatt, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrien","family":"Troise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de l\u2019Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS)","place":["Verneuil-en-Halatt, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoine","family":"Guion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de l\u2019Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS)","place":["Verneuil-en-Halatt, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alicia","family":"Gressent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de l\u2019Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS)","place":["Verneuil-en-Halatt, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rg","family":"Schullehner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health","place":["Aarhus, Denmark"]},{"name":"Aarhus University","place":["Aarhus, Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan Nilsson","family":"Sommar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Sustainable Health","place":["Umea, Sweden"]},{"name":"Umea University","place":["Umea, Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1\/cit1","volume-title":"Human Toxicology of Chemical Mixtures: Toxic Consequences Beyond the Impact of One-Component Product and Environmental Exposures","author":"Zeliger H.","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref2\/cit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-010-0481-7","volume-title":"Public health risk assessment for human exposure to chemicals","volume":"6","author":"Asante-Duah D. K.","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref3\/cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-022-00930-3"},{"key":"ref4\/cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-004798"},{"key":"ref5\/cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182413047"},{"key":"ref6\/cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2016.10.001"},{"key":"ref7\/cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-024-01627-1"},{"key":"ref8\/cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2023.102120"},{"key":"ref9\/cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252312540"},{"key":"ref10\/cit10","volume-title":"WHO global air quality guidelines: particulate matter (PM2. 5 and PM10), ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide;","author":"WHO","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref11\/cit11","volume-title":"The public health impact of chemicals: knowns and unknowns - data addendum for 2019","author":"WHO","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref12\/cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)02840-X"},{"key":"ref13\/cit13","unstructured":"European\nUnion, Directive (EU) 2024\/2881\nof the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2024 on\nambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe (recast). 2024."},{"key":"ref14\/cit14","unstructured":"European\nUnion, 2011\/850\/EU: Commission\nImplementing Decision of 12 December 2011 laying down rules for Directives\n2004\/107\/EC and 2008\/50\/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council\nas regards the reciprocal exchange of information and reporting on\nambient air quality (notified under document C(2011) 9068). 2011."},{"key":"ref15\/cit15","volume-title":"Revision of EU air quality legislation: Setting a zero pollution objective for air","author":"Vivienne H.","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref16\/cit16","volume-title":"Comparison of international policies on electromagnetic fields:(power frequency and radiofrequency fields)","author":"Stam R.","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref17\/cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EE9.0000000000000314"},{"key":"ref18\/cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2021.113778"},{"key":"ref19\/cit19","volume":"372","author":"Page M. J.","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref20\/cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-024-01136-5"},{"key":"ref21\/cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-031811-124606"},{"key":"ref22\/cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12403-017-0261-y"},{"key":"ref23\/cit23","unstructured":"National Toxicology Program. Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of acrylamide (CASRN 79\u201306\u20131)\nin F344\/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (feed and drinking water studies). In\n                      National Toxicology Program technical report series\n                      2012; pp 1\u2013234."},{"key":"ref24\/cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.875607"},{"key":"ref25\/cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16224474"},{"key":"ref26\/cit26","volume-title":"Ambient water quality criteria for antimony","author":"U.S. EPA","year":"1980"},{"key":"ref28\/cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2020.115156"},{"key":"ref29\/cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-9140(02)00268-0"},{"key":"ref30\/cit30","author":"WHO","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arsenic. Fact sheet"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref31\/cit31","first-page":"e8488","volume":"22","author":"Schrenk D.","year":"2024","journal-title":"EFSA J."},{"key":"ref32\/cit32","volume-title":"Air Quality Guidelines for Europe","author":"WHO","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref33\/cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-13-44"},{"key":"ref34\/cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2023.08.001"},{"key":"ref35\/cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17072536"},{"key":"ref36\/cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2009.12.030"},{"key":"ref37\/cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(17)30832-X"},{"key":"ref38\/cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-21-0287"},{"key":"ref39\/cit39","volume-title":"Extrapolation of the Benzene Inhalation Unit Risk Estimate to the Oral Route of Exposure","author":"U.S. EPA","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref40\/cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.110-1241197"},{"key":"ref41\/cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchas.2007.09.001"},{"key":"ref42\/cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.119207"},{"key":"ref43\/cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23116348"},{"key":"ref44\/cit44","volume-title":"Toxicological Review of Benzo[a]pyrene","author":"U.S. EPA","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref45\/cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.107991"},{"key":"ref46\/cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.46654\/ij.24889849.e7303"},{"key":"ref47\/cit47","volume-title":"Draft Environmental Quality Standards for Priority Substances under the WFD\u2033 - 5\u20136 rings PolyAromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)","author":"Scientific Committee on Health, E. a. E. R. S.","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref48\/cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.07.017"},{"key":"ref49\/cit49","unstructured":"Budroe, J.; Brown, J.; Collins, J.; Marty, M.; Salmon, A.; Sandy, M.; Claire Sherman, M.; Tomar, R.; Zeise, L. Technical Support Document for Cancer Potency Factors. In\n                      Appendix B. California Environmental Protection Agency\n                      2009."},{"key":"ref50\/cit50","unstructured":"ECHA Bisphenols\u2019. https:\/\/echa.europa.eu\/hot-topics\/bisphenols."},{"key":"ref51\/cit51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-404630-6.00027-0","volume-title":"Biomarkers in toxicology","author":"Allard P.","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref52\/cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-13071-w"},{"key":"ref53\/cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112400"},{"key":"ref54\/cit54","volume-title":"Public Health Statement on Boron","author":"ATSDR","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref55\/cit55","volume-title":"ToxGuide for Boron","author":"ATSDR","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref56\/cit56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cotox.2023.100403"},{"key":"ref57\/cit57","volume-title":"Trichloroethene in drinking-water. Background document for development of WHO guidelines for drinking-water quality","author":"WHO","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref58\/cit58","volume-title":"Chemical fact sheets: Trihalomethanes","author":"WHO","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref59\/cit59","volume-title":"WHO Disinfectants and disinfectant by-products","author":"Amy G.","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref60\/cit60","volume-title":"Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) on Bromate","author":"U.S. EPA","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref61\/cit61","volume-title":"Human health effects of benzene, arsenic, cadmium, nickel, lead and mercury: Report of an expert consultation","author":"Ca\u00f1as Portilla A. I.","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref62\/cit62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000002932"},{"key":"ref63\/cit63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408444.2021.1891196"},{"key":"ref64\/cit64","unstructured":"Wilbur, S.; Williams, M.; Williams, R.; Scinicariello, F.; Klotzbach, J. M.; Diamond, G. L. Toxicological profile for carbon monoxide. 2013."},{"key":"ref65\/cit65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105901"},{"key":"ref66\/cit66","volume-title":"Toxicological Profile for Chromium","author":"Wilbur S.","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref67\/cit67","volume-title":"Chromium in drinking-water","author":"WHO","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref68\/cit68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2010.03.013"},{"key":"ref69\/cit69","unstructured":"IARC. Arsenic, metals,\nfibres, and dusts. Volume 100 C. A review of human carcinogens. In\n                      IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks\nto Humans. Lyon (FR): International Agency for Research on Cancer,\nArsenic and arsenic compounds\n                      2012; pp 41\u201394."},{"key":"ref70\/cit70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.34272"},{"key":"ref71\/cit71","volume-title":"Dietary reference intakes for vitamin A, vitamin K, arsenic, boron, chromium, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, vanadium, and zinc","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref72\/cit72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.127436"},{"key":"ref73\/cit73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1100\/2012\/916705"},{"key":"ref74\/cit74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/109374001753146207"},{"key":"ref75\/cit75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13201-021-01542-x"},{"key":"ref76\/cit76","volume-title":"PubChem. Compound Summary for CID 7855, Acrylonitrile","author":"Information, N. C. f. B.","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref77\/cit77","volume-title":"Concise international chemical assessment document 39: Acrylonitrile","author":"WHO","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref78\/cit78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10590500601006715"},{"key":"ref79\/cit79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ange.202105851"},{"key":"ref80\/cit80","volume-title":"Report on Carcinogens, Fifteenth ed.. 1,2-Dichloroethane","author":"ATSDR","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref81\/cit81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6592.2004.tb01294.x"},{"key":"ref82\/cit82","volume-title":"Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) on 1,2-Dichloroethane","author":"U.S. EPA","year":"1987"},{"key":"ref83\/cit83","unstructured":"Hirakawa, B.\n                      Encyclopedia of Toxicology\n                      ; Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2014."},{"key":"ref84\/cit84","volume-title":"Epichlorohydrin Fact Sheet","author":"New Jersey Department of Health","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref85\/cit85","volume-title":"Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) on Epichlorohydrin","author":"U.S. EPA","year":"1987"},{"key":"ref86\/cit86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/ijph.2024.1607683"},{"key":"ref87\/cit87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.110703"},{"key":"ref88\/cit88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xinn.2021.100143"},{"key":"ref89\/cit89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gsf.2023.101734"},{"key":"ref90\/cit90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2013.3332"},{"key":"ref91\/cit91","volume-title":"IAOMT Fact Sheet on Fluoride and Human Health","author":"IAOMT","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref92\/cit92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10653-022-01396-5"},{"key":"ref93\/cit93","volume-title":"Formation, fate, and risks of disinfection by-products in foods and beverages","author":"Huang A.-T.","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref94\/cit94","unstructured":"Program, N. T., Haloacetic Acids Found as Water Disinfection Byproducts (Selected). In\n                      15th Report on Carcinogens [Internet]\n                      ; National Toxicology Program, 2021."},{"key":"ref95\/cit95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.110280"},{"key":"ref96\/cit96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115925"},{"key":"ref97\/cit97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k3310"},{"key":"ref98\/cit98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.120215"},{"key":"ref99\/cit99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17113975"},{"key":"ref100\/cit100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.110538"},{"key":"ref101\/cit101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(98)00128-7"},{"key":"ref102\/cit102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins16040196"},{"key":"ref103\/cit103","volume-title":"Health Effects Support Document for the Cyanobacterial Toxin Microcystins","author":"U.S. EPA","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref104\/cit104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2903\/sp.efsa.2020.EN-1899"},{"key":"ref105\/cit105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/inorganics7070089"},{"key":"ref106\/cit106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17030679"},{"key":"ref107\/cit107","volume-title":"AirQ+: carcinogenic pollutants and risk analysis","author":"WHO","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref108\/cit108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app13074154"},{"key":"ref109\/cit109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2017.1207"},{"key":"ref110\/cit110","unstructured":"Harper, C.; Keith, S.; Todd, G. D.; Williams, M.; Wohlers, D.; Diamond, G. L. Toxicological profile for nitrate and nitrite. 2017."},{"key":"ref111\/cit111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2016GL069239"},{"key":"ref112\/cit112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(06)70789-6"},{"key":"ref113\/cit113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15071557"},{"key":"ref114\/cit114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112988"},{"key":"ref115\/cit115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2022.102148"},{"key":"ref116\/cit116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.11.012"},{"key":"ref117\/cit117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/ijph.2024.1607676"},{"key":"ref118\/cit118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105998"},{"key":"ref119\/cit119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-2310(99)00478-1"},{"key":"ref120\/cit120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apr.2021.101053"},{"key":"ref121\/cit121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105876"},{"key":"ref122\/cit122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/lubricants12040114"},{"key":"ref123\/cit123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41545-023-00274-6"},{"key":"ref124\/cit124","volume-title":"PFAS Information for Clinicians \u2013 2024","author":"ATSDR","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref125\/cit125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.111632"},{"key":"ref126\/cit126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116064"},{"key":"ref127\/cit127","unstructured":"IARC. Perfluorooctanoic\nacid (PFOA) and\nperfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS)\n                      IARC Monogr\nIdentif Carcinog Hazards Hum\n                      2025; Vol. 135, pp 1\u2013754."},{"key":"ref128\/cit128","volume-title":"How pesticides impact human health and ecosystems in Europe","author":"EEA","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref129\/cit129","volume-title":"Joint FAO\/WHO meeting on pesticide residues. Evaluation Part II\u2013Toxicological","author":"WHO","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref130\/cit130","volume-title":"IARC Monographs Vol. 112: evaluation of five organophosphate insecticides and herbicides","author":"IARC","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref131\/cit131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23749\/mdl.v112i3.11123"},{"key":"ref132\/cit132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2019.02.001"},{"key":"ref133\/cit133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42452-018-0032-9"},{"key":"ref134\/cit134","volume-title":"Public Health Statement on Selenium","author":"ATSDR","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref135\/cit135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbio.2021.100960"},{"key":"ref136\/cit136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106434"},{"key":"ref137\/cit137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20018091094619"},{"key":"ref138\/cit138","unstructured":"Todd, G. D.; Ruiz, P.; Mumtaz, M.; Wohlers, D.; Klotzbach, J. M.; Diamond, G. L. Toxicological profile for trichloroethylene (TCE). 2019."},{"key":"ref139\/cit139","unstructured":"IARC. Working Group\non the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Trichloroethylene,\ntetrachloroethylene, and some other chlorinated agents. In\n                      IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks\nto humans\n                      2014; Vol. 106, pp 1\u2013512."},{"key":"ref140\/cit140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/153.9.841"},{"key":"ref141\/cit141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jea.7500252"},{"key":"ref142\/cit142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12403-022-00467-3"},{"key":"ref143\/cit143","volume-title":"IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans","author":"IARC","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref144\/cit144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2010.062703"},{"key":"ref145\/cit145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/REVEH.2005.20.3.177"},{"key":"ref146\/cit146","volume-title":"Depleted uranium: sources, exposure and health effects","author":"WHO","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref147\/cit147","volume-title":"Heavy metals in soils: trace metals and metalloids in soils and their bioavailability","volume":"22","author":"Alloway B. J.","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref148\/cit148","volume-title":"Cancer risk coefficients for environmental exposure to radionuclides","author":"Eckerman K. F.","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref149\/cit149","unstructured":"Cowfer, J. A.; Gorensek, M. B. Vinyl Chloride. In\n                      Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology\n                      ."},{"key":"ref150\/cit150","unstructured":"Benedict, R. T.; Szafran, B.; Melia, J.; Herber, D.; Crisman, J. S.; Honey, P. Toxicological Profile for Vinyl Chloride. 2024."},{"key":"ref151\/cit151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.00108579"},{"key":"ref152\/cit152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2011.02.016"},{"key":"ref153\/cit153","volume-title":"NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards","author":"Barsan M. E.","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref154\/cit154","volume-title":"Report on Carcinogens, Fifteenth ed.","author":"NTP","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref155\/cit155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-10-9"},{"key":"ref156\/cit156","volume-title":"Living healthily in a chemical world","author":"EEA","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref157\/cit157","volume-title":"Inventory of existing EBD, HIA, exposure and exposure-effect data for chemicals prioritized in PARC","author":"Buekers J.","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref158\/cit158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1206154"},{"key":"ref159\/cit159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2011.10.048"},{"key":"ref160\/cit160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14111359"},{"key":"ref161\/cit161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2019.02.023"},{"key":"ref162\/cit162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2023.114308"},{"key":"ref163\/cit163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2018.12.042"},{"key":"ref164\/cit164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-4323"},{"key":"ref165\/cit165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-4326"},{"key":"ref166\/cit166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-2873"},{"key":"ref167\/cit167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-4324"},{"key":"ref168\/cit168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(16)30275-3"},{"key":"ref169\/cit169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2019.110666"},{"key":"ref170\/cit170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2017.11.004"},{"key":"ref171\/cit171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/BAMS-D-21-0314.1"},{"key":"ref172\/cit172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.04.081"},{"key":"ref173\/cit173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2015.12.017"},{"key":"ref174\/cit174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.estlett.3c00633"},{"key":"ref175\/cit175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2019.110874"},{"key":"ref176\/cit176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2023.114139"},{"key":"ref177\/cit177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2021.113704"},{"key":"ref178\/cit178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-7-S1-S12"},{"key":"ref179\/cit179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.120084"},{"key":"ref180\/cit180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schullehner, J.; Donat, C.; Crippa, A.; Chambers, T.; Sigsgaard, T.; Villanueva, C. M.\n                      Overview of systematic reviews and exposure-response functions on nitrate in drinking water and colorectal cancer\n                      , ISEE Conference Abstracts, 2024.","DOI":"10.1289\/isee.2024.0453"},{"key":"ref181\/cit181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-021-01501-1"},{"key":"ref182\/cit182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/18333583221106509"},{"key":"ref183\/cit183","volume-title":"Morbidity statistics in the EU. Report on pilot studies \u2013 2023 ed.","author":"Eurostat","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref184\/cit184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.17699"},{"key":"ref185\/cit185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djz169"},{"key":"ref186\/cit186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16224474"},{"key":"ref187\/cit187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2014.08.034"},{"key":"ref188\/cit188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/w15122185"},{"key":"ref189\/cit189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-018-0310-y"},{"key":"ref190\/cit190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109464"},{"key":"ref191\/cit191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18052375"},{"key":"ref192\/cit192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2022.107178"},{"key":"ref193\/cit193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.120828"},{"key":"ref194\/cit194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1283087"},{"key":"ref195\/cit195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/74.2.325"},{"key":"ref196\/cit196","first-page":"71","volume":"2","author":"Collins J. J.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Scandinavian J. Work, Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref197\/cit197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.57.5.316"},{"key":"ref198\/cit198","unstructured":"NCI. Bioassay of 1,\n2-dichloroethane for possible carcinogenicity. In\n                      National Cancer Institute carcinogenesis technical report series\n                      , 1978; Vol. 55, pp 1\u2013103."},{"key":"ref199\/cit199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105974"},{"key":"ref200\/cit200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00038-015-0690-y"},{"key":"ref201\/cit201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-99688-w"},{"key":"ref202\/cit202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.115239"},{"key":"ref203\/cit203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-020-02232-6"},{"key":"ref204\/cit204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11869-024-01619-x"},{"key":"ref205\/cit205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-13536-y"},{"key":"ref206\/cit206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2025.137832"},{"key":"ref207\/cit207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-022-01963-y"},{"key":"ref208\/cit208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-017-1093-0"},{"key":"ref209\/cit209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14030666"},{"key":"ref210\/cit210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-27345-x"},{"key":"ref211\/cit211","unstructured":"HEI. Systematic Review\nand Meta-Analysis of Selected Health Effects of Long-Term Exposure\nto Traffic-Related Air Pollution. In\n                      HEI Special\nReport 23\n                      2022."},{"key":"ref212\/cit212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.120215"},{"key":"ref213\/cit213","unstructured":"Anderson, H.; Atkinson, R.; Bremner, S.; Carrington, J.; Peacock, J. Quantitative systematic review of short term associations between ambient air pollution (particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide), and mortality and morbidity. In\n                      Report to Department of Health revised following first review\n                      2007."},{"key":"ref214\/cit214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23749\/mdl.v111i1.8967"},{"key":"ref215\/cit215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-023-01748-1"},{"key":"ref216\/cit216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph110404449"},{"key":"ref217\/cit217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23749\/mdl.v114i5.15065"},{"key":"ref218\/cit218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116362"},{"key":"ref219\/cit219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-023-28592-9"},{"key":"ref220\/cit220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2021.113904"},{"key":"ref221\/cit221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41370-022-00464-3"},{"key":"ref222\/cit222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP11112"},{"key":"ref223\/cit223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h1295"},{"key":"ref224\/cit224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-668X(02)00808-4"}],"container-title":["Environment &amp; Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/envhealth.4c00277","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/envhealth.4c00277","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T08:12:35Z","timestamp":1758269555000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/10.1021\/envhealth.4c00277"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"references-count":223,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1021\/envhealth.4c00277"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/envhealth.4c00277","relation":{},"ISSN":["2833-8278","2833-8278"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2833-8278","type":"print"},{"value":"2833-8278","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]}}}