{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T15:26:08Z","timestamp":1787412368602,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000052","name":"NIH Office of the Director","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UH3OD023318"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UH3OD023318"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000052","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30ES019776"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30ES019776"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01ES035738"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01ES035738"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21ES032117"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21ES032117"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U24ES029490"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24ES029490"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play a critical role in healthy pregnancy by supporting fetal development and modulating inflammation. Few studies have considered how dietary PUFAs and environmental exposures may jointly influence birth outcomes. We therefore investigated the joint mixture associations of prenatal exposure to traffic-related air pollutants (TRAPs), including carbon monoxide, fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen oxides, and dietary PUFA intake, on birth weight for gestational age z-score (BWZ) in 297 pregnant African Americans enrolled in the Atlanta Maternal-Child Cohort. At mean \u03b1-linolenic acid (ALA) intake, a first-trimester interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM2.5 was associated with a 0.08 (95% CI: 0.02\u20130.18) unit decrease in BWZ, but at twice the mean ALA intake, the same PM2.5 increase was associated with a 1.12 (95% CI: 0.19\u20132.05) unit increase in BWZ (p-int = 0.04). Similarly, at mean linoleic acid (LA) intake, a first-trimester IQR increase in PM2.5 was associated with a 0.08 (95% CI: 0.02\u20130.17) unit decrease in BWZ, whereas at twice the mean LA intake, PM2.5 exposure was associated with a 1.09 (95% CI, 0.16\u20132.02) unit increase (p-int = 0.09). Our findings suggest that higher prenatal PUFA intake may mitigate the adverse effects of air pollution on fetal growth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/envhealth.5c00490","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T12:56:01Z","timestamp":1776862561000},"page":"1637-1647","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Joint Mixture Associations of Prenatal Air Pollution\nand Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Intake on Birth Weight Outcomes in\nan African American Cohort"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Benjamin R.","family":"Kessler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University , , , ,","place":["Atlanta, Georgia, United States, 30322"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne L.","family":"Dunlop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University , , , ,","place":["Atlanta, Georgia, United States, 30322"]},{"name":"Emory University , , , ,","place":["Atlanta, Georgia, United States, 30322"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert B.","family":"Hood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ohio State University , , , ,","place":["Columbus, Ohio, United States, 43210"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6695-3291","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Stephanie M.","family":"Eick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University , , , ,","place":["Atlanta, Georgia, United States, 30322"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiada James","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University , , , ,","place":["Atlanta, Georgia, United States, 30322"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan S.","family":"Hoffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University , , , ,","place":["Atlanta, Georgia, United States, 30322"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3510-4339","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhihao","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University , , , ,","place":["Atlanta, Georgia, United States, 30322"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9955-8324","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Youran","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University , , , ,","place":["Atlanta, Georgia, United States, 30322"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin","family":"Ferranti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University , , , ,","place":["Atlanta, Georgia, United States, 30322"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy","family":"Sarnat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University , , , ,","place":["Atlanta, Georgia, United States, 30322"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Audrey J.","family":"Gaskins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University , , , ,","place":["Atlanta, Georgia, United States, 30322"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6316-1640","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Howard H.","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University , , , ,","place":["Atlanta, Georgia, United States, 30322"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6209-4888","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christine","family":"Ekenga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University , , , ,","place":["Atlanta, Georgia, United States, 30322"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7311-2298","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Donghai","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University , , , ,","place":["Atlanta, Georgia, United States, 30322"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2026082211084989900_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-11185-x","article-title":"Trends in Infants Born\nat Low Birthweight and Disparities by Maternal Race and Education\nfrom 2003 to 2018 in the United States","volume":"21","author":"Pollock","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC\nPublic Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026082211084989900_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-016-0692-5","article-title":"Birth Weight in Relation to Health and Disease in Later\nLife: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses","volume":"14","author":"Belbasis","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026082211084989900_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.8243","article-title":"Association\nof Air\nPollution and Heat Exposure With Preterm Birth, Low Birth Weight,\nand Stillbirth in the US: A Systematic Review","volume":"3","author":"Bekkar","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. 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Total Environ."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026082211084989900_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.17727","article-title":"Ambient air pollution\nand adverse birth outcomes: A review of underlying mechanisms","volume":"131","author":"Fussell","year":"2024","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"2026082211084989900_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnim.2016.04.008","article-title":"A Balance of Omega-3 and Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty\nAcids Is Important in Pregnancy","volume":"5","author":"Akerele","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Nutr. 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Nutr."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026082211084989900_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-15676-x","article-title":"Interplay of Gestational\nParent Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and Diet Characteristics\non Preterm Birth","volume":"23","author":"Jardel","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026082211084989900_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP6386","article-title":"Folic Acid Supplementation\nand the Association between Maternal Airborne Particulate Matter Exposure\nand Preterm Delivery: A National Birth Cohort Study in China","volume":"128","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. 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Health Perspect."},{"key":"2026082211084989900_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109774","article-title":"Early-Life Nutritional Additives,\nHousehold Environment,\nand Air Pollution in Relation to Childhood Food Allergies: A Multi-City\nMother\u2013Child Study in China","volume":"203","author":"Lu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ.\nInt."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026082211084989900_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EE9.0000000000000316","article-title":"Prenatal\nAir Pollution and Children\u2019s Autism\nTraits Score: Examination of Joint Associations with Maternal Intake\nof Vitamin D, Methyl Donors, and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Using\nMixture Methods","volume":"8","author":"Bragg","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Epidemiol."},{"key":"2026082211084989900_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6398520","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/6398520","article-title":"Association of Oxidative Stress on\nPregnancy","volume":"2020","author":"Tobo\u0142a-Wro\u0301bel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026082211084989900_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-022-00908-1","article-title":"Mechanistic Insights\ninto the Health Benefits of Fish-Oil Supplementation\nagainst Fine Particulate Matter Air Pollution: A Randomized Controlled\nTrial","volume":"21","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. 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Nutr."},{"key":"2026082211084989900_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.05.066","article-title":"Maternal Serum Metabolome\nand Traffic-Related\nAir Pollution Exposure in Pregnancy","volume":"130","author":"Yan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ.\nInt."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026082211084989900_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-023-02828-3","article-title":"Cardiometabolic\nHealth\nin Adults Born with Very Low Birth Weight\u2500a Sibling Study","volume":"95","author":"Kaseva","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"2026082211084989900_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2020.105154","article-title":"Premature Birth,\nLow Birth Weight, Small for Gestational Age and Chronic Non-Communicable\nDiseases in Adult Life: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis","volume":"149","author":"de Mendonc\u0327a","year":"2020","journal-title":"Early Hum. 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