{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:46:22Z","timestamp":1792784782906,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782518400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01ES029945"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01ES029945"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program)","award":["2021YFC2701004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC2701004"]}]},{"name":"National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program)","award":["2024YFC2707600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFC2707600"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["82373584"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82373584"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Gestational exposure to ambient air pollution has been linked to adverse birth outcomes. Folic acid (FA) supplementation supports fetal development, but the optimal timing for protective effects remains uncertain. This study aims to determine whether maternal FA supplementation prior to conception modifies the association between gestational air pollution exposure and birthweight-related outcomes in a population where most women also took FA during pregnancy. We analyzed data from 10,579 mother\u2013child pairs from a preconception cohort in Shanghai, China. Ambient concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and ozone were estimated at a residential level using spatiotemporal models for the preconception period and each trimester. We assessed whether preconception FA supplementation modified the association between air pollution exposure and birth outcomes, including birthweight, birthweight Z-score, small-for-gestational age (SGA), and low birthweight (LBW). Linear and logistic regression models with interaction terms, as well as stratified analyses by FA supplementation status, were applied. Children\u2019s sex-specific associations were also explored. Significant interactions between preconception FA supplementation and air pollution exposures were observed for birthweight and SGA. A 10 \u03bcg\/m3 increase in PM2.5 exposure during pregnancy was associated with a \u221262.8 g (95% CI: \u221297.0, \u221228.6) change in birthweight and a 1.78 (95% CI: 1.16, 2.73) odds ratio for SGA among women without preconception FA supplementation. No such significant associations were found among women receiving preconception FA supplementation, with an estimated change of \u22121.7 g in birthweight (95% CI: \u221265.7 to 62.4) and an odds ratio of 0.70 for SGA (95% CI: 0.32\u20131.44). The protective effect appeared more pronounced for male infants than females. Maternal preconception FA supplementation can attenuate the adverse effects of gestational air pollution exposure on birthweight and SGA risk in women who also received FA supplementation during pregnancy. These findings support the importance of incorporating preconception FA supplementation as a protective measure against gestational exposure to air pollution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/envhealth.5c00779","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T14:09:43Z","timestamp":1782569383000},"page":"2323-2332","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Preconception\nFolic Acid Supplementation Associated\nwith Attenuated Effects of Air Pollution on Birthweight Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Yihui","family":"Ge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University , , , ,","place":["Durham, North Carolina, United States, 27708"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital of Fudan University, National Children\u2019s Medical Center & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 201102"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8246-0542","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jiawen","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , , , ,","place":["Los Angeles, California, United States, 90033"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4384-8354","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yan","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University , , , ,","place":["Durham, North Carolina, United States, 27708"]},{"name":"Duke University , , , ,","place":["Durham, North Carolina, United States, 27708"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1778-728X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhenchun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , , , ,","place":["Los Angeles, California, United States, 90033"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiros","family":"Berhane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University , , , ,","place":["New York, New York, United States, 10032"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1816-2353","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhipeng","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100012"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0499-1767","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bin","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100012"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4243-079X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jia","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100012"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Gilliland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , , , ,","place":["Los Angeles, California, United States, 90033"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhanghua","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , , , ,","place":["Los Angeles, California, United States, 90033"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weili","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital of Fudan University, National Children\u2019s Medical Center & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 201102"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoying","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital of Fudan University, National Children\u2019s Medical Center & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 201102"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3759-6672","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Junfeng Jim","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University , , , ,","place":["Durham, North Carolina, United States, 27708"]},{"name":"Duke University , , , ,","place":["Durham, North Carolina, United States, 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Health Perspect."},{"key":"2026101607063823200_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.11.058","article-title":"Air pollution\nexposure during pregnancy and ultrasound and birth measures of fetal\ngrowth: a prospective cohort study in Korea","volume":"619","author":"Lamichhane","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"2026101607063823200_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114196","article-title":"The associations of prenatal exposure to PM2. 5 and\nits constituents with fetal growth: A prospective birth cohort in\nBeijing, China","volume":"214","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"2026101607063823200_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.106313","article-title":"Prenatal fine\nparticulate matter exposure, placental DNA methylation changes, and\nfetal growth","volume":"147","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026101607063823200_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.5.993","article-title":"Folate and human\nreproduction","volume":"83","author":"Tamura","year":"2006","journal-title":"American journal of clinical nutrition"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026101607063823200_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1204918","article-title":"Air\npollution exposure and markers of placental growth and function: the\ngeneration R study","volume":"120","author":"van den Hooven","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026101607063823200_cit28","first-page":"90","article-title":"Effect of exposure\nto air pollution\non placental weight in Isfahan-Iran","volume":"11","author":"Ghasemi-Tehrani","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Family\nReprod. Health"},{"key":"2026101607063823200_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.02.101","article-title":"Gestational exposure\nto PM2. 5 impairs vascularization of the placenta","volume":"665","author":"Yue","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science of The Total Environment"},{"key":"2026101607063823200_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-8977-10-22","article-title":"Placental DNA hypomethylation in\nassociation with particulate air pollution in early life","volume":"10","author":"Janssen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Part. Fibre Toxicol."},{"key":"2026101607063823200_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.07.029","article-title":"Exposure to\nparticulate air pollution during early pregnancy is associated with\nplacental DNA methylation","volume":"607","author":"Cai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science of The Total\nEnvironment"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026101607063823200_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3025","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10113025","article-title":"Prenatal\nair pollution exposure and placental DNA methylation changes: implications\non fetal development and future disease susceptibility","volume":"10","author":"Ghazi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026101607063823200_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1104458","article-title":"Placental mitochondrial DNA content\nand particulate air pollution during in utero life","volume":"120","author":"Janssen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. 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Pollut."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101607063823200_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11010106","article-title":"The impact of oxidative\nstress of environmental origin on the onset of placental diseases","volume":"11","author":"Ruano","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101607063823200_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202201428R","article-title":"Protective and sex-specific\neffects of moderate dose folic acid supplementation on the placenta\nfollowing assisted reproduction in mice","volume":"37","author":"Ihirwe","year":"2022","journal-title":"FASEB\nJ."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101607063823200_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.08.009","article-title":"One-carbon\nmetabolism in health and disease","volume":"25","author":"Ducker","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell metabolism"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026101607063823200_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(06)70598-1","article-title":"Vitamin B12,\nfolic acid, and the nervous system","volume":"5","author":"Reynolds","year":"2006","journal-title":"lancet neurology"},{"key":"2026101607063823200_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-019-2219-5","article-title":"The role\nof maternal homocysteine concentration in placenta-mediated complications:\nfindings from the Ottawa and Kingston birth cohort","volume":"19","author":"Chaudhry","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026101607063823200_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2012.03321.x","article-title":"Homocysteine and folate concentrations\nin early pregnancy\nand the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes: the Generation R Study","volume":"119","author":"Bergen","year":"2012","journal-title":"BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026101607063823200_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16111729","article-title":"Placenta-Related Parameters at Delivery\nin Relation to Folic Acid Supplementation in Different Pregnancies","volume":"16","author":"Ren","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026101607063823200_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.08.032","article-title":"Racial\/ethnic standards for fetal\ngrowth: the NICHD Fetal Growth Studies","volume":"213","author":"Buck Louis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am.\nJ. Obstetrics Gynecol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026101607063823200_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2020.07.054","article-title":"Fetal growth velocity standards from\nthe Fetal Growth\nLongitudinal Study of the INTERGROWTH-21st Project","volume":"224","author":"Ohuma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026101607063823200_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0121098","article-title":"Folic acid\nsupplementation during pregnancy induces sex-specific changes in methylation\nand expression of placental 11\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase\n2 in rats","volume":"10","author":"Penailillo","year":"2015","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"49","key":"2026101607063823200_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19351","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0707258104","article-title":"DNA methylation, insulin resistance, and blood pressure\nin offspring determined by maternal periconceptional B vitamin and\nmethionine status","volume":"104","author":"Sinclair","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.\nS. A."},{"key":"2026101607063823200_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2019.00022","article-title":"Sex differences\nin nutrition, growth, and metabolism in preterm infants","volume":"7","author":"Alur","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Pediatr."},{"key":"2026101607063823200_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293-016-0119-1","article-title":"Sex-specific differences\nin fetal\nand infant growth patterns: a prospective population-based cohort\nstudy","volume":"7","author":"Broere-Brown","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol. Sex Differ."},{"key":"2026101607063823200_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.611929","article-title":"Nutrition\nand metabolic adaptations\nin physiological and complicated pregnancy: focus on obesity and gestational\ndiabetes","volume":"11","author":"Parrettini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in endocrinology"},{"key":"2026101607063823200_cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-015-0766-y","article-title":"Folic acid supplementation, preconception\nbody mass index, and preterm delivery: findings from the preconception\ncohort data in a Chinese rural population","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC\nPregnancy Childbirth"}],"container-title":["Environment &amp; Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/envhealth.5c00779","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/ehnea2\/article-pdf\/4\/10\/2323\/65264097\/envhealth.5c00779.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/ehnea2\/article-pdf\/4\/10\/2323\/65264097\/envhealth.5c00779.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T11:29:58Z","timestamp":1792150198000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/ehnea2\/article\/4\/10\/2323\/5169917\/Preconception-Folic-Acid-Supplementation"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/envhealth.5c00779","relation":{},"ISSN":["2833-8278"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2833-8278","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]]}}}