{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T15:26:10Z","timestamp":1787412370101,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U22A20618"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U22A20618"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W2511014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W2511014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Emerging evidence implicates per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in adverse alterations to the follicular microenvironment, yet their potential contribution to diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) remains poorly characterized. This study systematically quantified both legacy and novel PFAS in matched plasma and follicular fluid samples from reproductive-aged women in Shenyang, China (2017\u20132020), and determined compound-specific blood-follicle transfer efficiencies (BFTEs). A matched case-control design, controlling for age and body mass index (BMI), was applied to evaluate associations between PFAS concentrations\u2500both as individual analytes and as chemical mixtures\u2500in follicular fluid and the presence of DOR, as assessed by anti-Mu\u0308llerian hormone (AMH) and antral follicle count (AFC). Two perfluoroalkyl ether carboxylic acids (PFECA) (PFMOAA and PFO5DoDA) were identified for the first time in human follicular fluid. BFTEs exhibited substantial variability (62.43%\u2013470.93%) and a clear inverse relationship with carbon chain length, with short-chain perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCA) (PFBA and PFHpA) and PFECA (PFMOAA and PFO5DoDA) showing marked preferential partitioning into follicular fluid (BFTE &amp;gt; 1). Elevated follicular concentrations of PFBA and PFPeA were significantly associated with increased DOR risk, accompanied by concomitant reductions in AMH and AFC. Mixture modeling further demonstrated a positive association between total PFAS burden and DOR. Bayesian kernel machine regression identified short-chain PFCA and PFECA as the principal contributors, with PFBA representing the dominant driver of the observed effect. These findings reveal the bioaccumulation of short-chain PFAS in follicles, including emerging compounds, and provide compelling evidence for their involvement in impaired ovarian function which has direct implications for reproductive risk assessment in women.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/envhealth.5c00832","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T08:00:46Z","timestamp":1776326446000},"page":"1778-1789","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exposure to Legacy\nand Novel Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl\nSubstances and Diminished Ovarian Reserve: Evidence from Blood-Follicle\nTransfer and Mixture Risk Assessment in Reproductive-Aged Women"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Yuanyi","family":"Gu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University , , 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200240"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yining","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University , , No. 39 Huaxiang Road, Tiexi District , , ,","place":["Shenyang, Liaoning, China, 110022"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaochen","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University , , 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200240"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanshan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University , , No. 39 Huaxiang Road, Tiexi District , , ,","place":["Shenyang, Liaoning, China, 110022"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6401-1919","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jichun","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University , , No. 39 Huaxiang Road, Tiexi District , , ,","place":["Shenyang, Liaoning, China, 110022"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4908-5597","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jiayin","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University , , 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200240"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"2026082211090843700_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2345","DOI":"10.1039\/D0EM00291G","article-title":"An overview of the uses of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)","volume":"22","author":"Glu\u0308ge","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026082211090843700_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.2663","article-title":"Fate and effects\nof poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances\nin the aquatic environment: a review","volume":"33","author":"Ahrens","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ.\nToxicol. Chem."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026082211090843700_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1104436","article-title":"Serum Perfluorooctanoate\n(PFOA) and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) Concentrations and Liver\nFunction Biomarkers in a Population with Elevated PFOA Exposure","volume":"120","author":"Gallo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"22","key":"2026082211090843700_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10841","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5c01138","article-title":"Integration\nof Animal, Population, and Toxicogenomic Evidence on\nthe Hematotoxic and Immunosuppressive Effects of Environmental Exposure\nto PFAS Mixtures in Adolescents","volume":"59","author":"Du","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Sci.\nTechnol."},{"issue":"31","key":"2026082211090843700_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13587","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.4c06775","article-title":"The Stockholm Convention at a Crossroads: Questionable\nNominations and Inadequate Compliance Threaten Its Acceptance and\nUtility","volume":"58","author":"Wania","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026082211090843700_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2508","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6b04806","article-title":"A Never-Ending Story\nof Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs)?","volume":"51","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026082211090843700_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.11.013","article-title":"Hazard assessment\nof fluorinated alternatives to long-chain perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs)\nand their precursors: status quo, ongoing challenges and possible\nsolutions","volume":"75","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"45","key":"2026082211090843700_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20160","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.4c05913","article-title":"Legacy and Novel Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances\nin Surface Soils across China: Source Tracking and Main Drivers for\nthe Spatial Variation","volume":"58","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. 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Hazard Mater."},{"issue":"14","key":"2026082211090843700_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6604","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26146604","article-title":"Molecular Shadows of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs):\nUnveiling the Impact of Perfluoroalkyl Substances on Ovarian Function,\nPolycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS), and In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)\nOutcomes","volume":"26","author":"Voros","year":"2025","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular\nSciences"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026082211090843700_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmaa018","article-title":"Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)\nand their effects on the ovary","volume":"26","author":"Ding","year":"2020","journal-title":"Human Reproduction\nUpdate"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026082211090843700_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfv197","article-title":"Chronic Exposure of Female Mice to an Environmental Level of Perfluorooctane\nSulfonate Suppresses Estrogen Synthesis Through Reduced Histone H3K14\nAcetylation of the StAR Promoter Leading to Deficits in Follicular\nDevelopment and Ovulation","volume":"148","author":"Feng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxicol. 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