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In this study, the viability of microglia was significantly reduced by PM2.5, and the alteration of several inflammatory factors indicated an inflammatory response in BV2 cells caused by PM2.5. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were then screened by a microarray assay. These DEGs were mainly enriched in terms associated with inflammatory reactions through Gene Ontology (GO) annotation. Additionally, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis indicated that these DEGs were primarily enriched in IL-17 along with its downstream NF-\u03baB and MAPK signaling pathways. Furthermore, the adverse impacts of PM2.5 exposure were effectively alleviated by the IL-17 signaling pathway inhibitor aIL17A, including improvements in the behavioral barrier, suppression of IL-17 activation and its downstream NF-\u03baB and MAPK signaling pathways, reduced excessive secretion of inflammation cytokines, and decreased microglial activation. Combining all these results, PM2.5 was found to activate IL-17 along with its downstream NF-\u03baB and MAPK signaling pathways, triggering microglial activation and neuroinflammation, ultimately leading to neurobehavioral impairments. Overall, the IL-17 signaling pathway may be a potential therapeutic target for PM2.5-induced neurotoxicity, which will contribute to related research in the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/envhealth.6c00080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T20:55:24Z","timestamp":1780520124000},"page":"2242-2252","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["IL-17 Signaling\nPathway: A Potential Signaling Pathway\nMediating Neuroinflammation Induced by PM2.5"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Natong","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences , , , ,","place":["Jinan, Shandong, China, 250117"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongshuo","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences , , , ,","place":["Jinan, Shandong, China, 250117"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences , , , ,","place":["Jinan, Shandong, China, 250117"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liyan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences , , , ,","place":["Jinan, Shandong, China, 250117"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences , , , ,","place":["Jinan, Shandong, China, 250117"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences , , , ,","place":["Jinan, Shandong, China, 250117"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7293-0436","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xue","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences , , , ,","place":["Jinan, Shandong, China, 250117"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2026101607065766600_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(24)00003-2","article-title":"Estimates of global mortality burden associated with short-term exposure\nto fine particulate matter (PM2\u00b75)","volume":"8","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet\nPlanet Health"},{"issue":"7569","key":"2026101607065766600_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15371","article-title":"The contribution of outdoor air pollution sources to\npremature mortality on a global scale","volume":"525","author":"Lelieveld","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026101607065766600_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.2c07476","article-title":"Contribution\nand Effects of PM(2.5)-Bound Lead to the Cardiovascular\nRisk of Workers in a Non-Ferrous Metal Smelting Area Considering Chemical\nSpeciation and Bioavailability","volume":"57","author":"He","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. 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