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The development trajectory of the Chinese \u201cNational Conference on Environmental Chemistry (NCEC)\u201d provides an empirical lens through which to examine this broader disciplinary transformation. This study analyzes how evolving governance demands, increasing environmental complexity, and advances in analytical and computational technologies have collectively reshaped research priorities, disciplinary boundaries, and modes of scientific collaboration. The emergence of new pollutant governance as a central frontier reflects the limitations of conventional single-medium and single-pollutant regulatory frameworks. Persistent, low-dose, and mixture-prone contaminants highlight the need for integrative approaches that link molecular mechanisms with cross-media processes and system-level outcomes. While it also accelerating methodological advances in non-target screening, computational prediction, systems toxicology, and cross-media risk assessment. 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