{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T16:37:17Z","timestamp":1780591037007,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ. Sci. Technol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,1]]},"DOI":"10.1021\/es2043646","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,2]],"date-time":"2012-04-02T14:36:13Z","timestamp":1333377373000},"page":"5049-5056","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Benefits of Two Mitigation Strategies for Container Vessels: Cleaner Engines and Cleaner Fuels"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"M. Yusuf","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Environmental\rEngineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States"},{"name":"College of Engineering\u2212Center\rfor Environmental Research and Technology, University of California, Riverside, 1084 Columbia Avenue, Riverside,\rCalifornia 92507, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Giordano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Environmental\rEngineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States"},{"name":"College of Engineering\u2212Center\rfor Environmental Research and Technology, University of California, Riverside, 1084 Columbia Avenue, Riverside,\rCalifornia 92507, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Gutierrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Environmental\rEngineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States"},{"name":"College of Engineering\u2212Center\rfor Environmental Research and Technology, University of California, Riverside, 1084 Columbia Avenue, Riverside,\rCalifornia 92507, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William A.","family":"Welch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering\u2212Center\rfor Environmental Research and Technology, University of California, Riverside, 1084 Columbia Avenue, Riverside,\rCalifornia 92507, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Asa-Awuku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Environmental\rEngineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States"},{"name":"College of Engineering\u2212Center\rfor Environmental Research and Technology, University of California, Riverside, 1084 Columbia Avenue, Riverside,\rCalifornia 92507, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Wayne","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Environmental\rEngineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States"},{"name":"College of Engineering\u2212Center\rfor Environmental Research and Technology, University of California, Riverside, 1084 Columbia Avenue, Riverside,\rCalifornia 92507, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"III","given":"David R.","family":"Cocker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Environmental\rEngineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States"},{"name":"College of Engineering\u2212Center\rfor Environmental Research and Technology, University of California, Riverside, 1084 Columbia Avenue, Riverside,\rCalifornia 92507, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6746","key":"ref1\/cit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1038\/23438","volume":"400","author":"Capaldo K.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"5878","key":"ref2\/cit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1150369","volume":"320","author":"Duce R. A.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"15","key":"ref3\/cit3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5592","DOI":"10.1021\/es900922h","volume":"43","author":"Lauer A.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"14","key":"ref4\/cit4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5398","DOI":"10.1021\/es8035016","volume":"43","author":"Agrawal H.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"5","key":"ref5\/cit5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2009.11.010","volume":"44","author":"Song S. K.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"24","key":"ref6\/cit6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8512","DOI":"10.1021\/es071686z","volume":"41","author":"Corbett J. J.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"13","key":"ref7\/cit7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4776","DOI":"10.1021\/es803224q","volume":"43","author":"Winebrake J. J.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"ref9\/cit9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1080\/02786820601055392","volume":"41","author":"Kasper A.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aerosol Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"10","key":"ref10\/cit10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3800","DOI":"10.1021\/es903681z","volume":"44","author":"Petzold A.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"16","key":"ref11\/cit11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2632","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2009.02.008","volume":"43","author":"Moldanova J.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"6","key":"ref12\/cit12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2007.10.042","volume":"42","author":"Fridell E.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"7","key":"ref13\/cit13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-8502(02)00050-2","volume":"33","author":"Lyyranen J.","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Aerosol Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"ref14\/cit14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-8502(98)00763-0","volume":"30","author":"Lyyranen J.","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Aerosol Sci."},{"issue":"13","key":"ref15\/cit15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4626","DOI":"10.1021\/es802413j","volume":"43","author":"Murphy S. M.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref16\/cit16","volume-title":"ISO 8178-2, Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines: Exhaust Emission Measurement. Part-2: Measurement of Gaseous Particulate Exhaust Emissions at Site","author":"ISO","year":"1996"},{"issue":"21","key":"ref17\/cit17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2008.02.053","volume":"42","author":"Agrawal H.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"19","key":"ref18\/cit18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7098","DOI":"10.1021\/es703102y","volume":"42","author":"Agrawal H.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref19\/cit19","unstructured":"ISO. 8178-1, 1stedition; International Organization for Standardization, 1996."},{"key":"ref21\/cit21","volume-title":"NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods","author":"NIOSH","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref22\/cit22","volume-title":"Emissions Estimation Methodology for Ocean-going Vessels","author":"CARB, California Air Resources Board","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref23\/cit23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agrawal, H.,Emissions from main propulsion engine on container ship at sea.J. Geophys. Res.Atmos., 2010, 115.","DOI":"10.1029\/2009JD013346"},{"key":"ref24\/cit24","unstructured":"IMO 2000. Study of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Ships-Final Report; 2000."},{"key":"ref25\/cit25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3457","DOI":"10.1029\/1998JD100040","volume":"104","author":"Corbett J. J.","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos."},{"key":"ref26\/cit26","volume-title":"Quantification of Emissions from Ships associated with Ship Movements between Ports in the European Community","author":"Entec UK Limited","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref27\/cit27","volume-title":"Current Methodologies in Preparing Mobile Source Port-Related Emission Inventories","author":"U.S. EPA","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref28\/cit28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baranescu, R. A.,Influence of Fuel Sulfur on Diesel Particulate Emissions; SAE Technical Paper Series 881174; 1988.","DOI":"10.4271\/881174"},{"key":"ref29\/cit29","volume-title":"Fuel Sulfur Reduction for Control of Diesel Particulate Emissions","author":"Wall J. C.","year":"1988"},{"key":"ref30\/cit30","unstructured":"Technical considerations of fuel switching practices. API Technical Issues Workshop; June, 3, 2009."},{"key":"ref31\/cit31","unstructured":"Lloyd\u2019s Register.Lloyd\u2019s Register Engineering Services; 1990a, 1990b, 1993a, 1993b, 1995."},{"key":"ref32\/cit32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009604003981","volume":"4","author":"Nenes A.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Aquat. Geochem."},{"key":"ref33\/cit33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4639","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-7-4639-2007","volume":"7","author":"Fountoukis C.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref34\/cit34","unstructured":"ISORROPIA.http:\/\/nenes.eas.gatech.edu\/ISORROPIA."},{"key":"ref35\/cit35","unstructured":"MAN Diesel Low Speed. Marine Diesel Engines. Marine Diesel Engines Improvements on the Efficiency.http:\/\/www.dtu.dk\/upload\/institutter\/kt\/nyheder\/cccs_pres\/man_diesel-soeren_h_jensen.pdf."}],"container-title":["Environmental Science & Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/es2043646","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,4]],"date-time":"2023-04-04T16:09:39Z","timestamp":1680624579000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/10.1021\/es2043646"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,11]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1021\/es2043646"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/es2043646","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-936X","1520-5851"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-936X","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-5851","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,11]]}}}