{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T20:03:32Z","timestamp":1791576212303,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ. Sci. Technol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,1]]},"DOI":"10.1021\/es204717j","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,30]],"date-time":"2012-03-30T21:18:39Z","timestamp":1333142319000},"page":"4809-4818","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":166,"title":["Trade-Offs in Disinfection Byproduct Formation Associated with Precursor Preoxidation for Control of <i>N<\/i>-Nitrosodimethylamine Formation"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Amisha D.","family":"Shah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Environmental\rEngineering, Yale University, Mason Lab\r313b, 9 Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stuart W.","family":"Krasner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, Water Quality, 700\rMoreno Avenue, La Verne, California 91750, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chih Fen Tiffany","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, Water Quality, 700\rMoreno Avenue, La Verne, California 91750, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Urs","family":"von Gunten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Ueberlandstrasse\r133, P.O. Box 611, CH-8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland"},{"name":"School of Architecture, Civil\rand Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne,\rSwitzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William A.","family":"Mitch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Environmental\rEngineering, Yale University, Mason Lab\r313b, 9 Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6013","key":"ref1\/cit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1196397","volume":"331","author":"Sedlak D. L.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref2\/cit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1089\/109287503768335896","volume":"20","author":"Mitch W. A.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"ref3\/cit3","unstructured":"USEPA, National Center for Environmental Assessment (NCEA), Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).N-Nitrosodimethylamine Quickview (CASRN 62-75-9). 2011. Retrieved from:http:\/\/cfpub.epa.gov\/ncea\/iris\/index.cfm?fuseaction=iris.showQuickView&substance_nmbr=0045(accessed December 1, 2011)."},{"key":"ref4\/cit4","unstructured":"California Department of Public Health. NDMA and Other Nitrosamines - Drinking Water Issues, 2009. Retrieved fromhttp:\/\/www.cdph.ca.gov\/certlic\/drinkingwater\/Pages\/NDMA.aspx(accessed December 1, 2011)."},{"key":"ref5\/cit5","unstructured":"Health Canada.Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality: Guideline TechnicalDocument, N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), 2011. Retrieved fromhttp:\/\/www.hc-sc.gc.ca\/ewh-semt\/alt_formats\/hecs-sesc\/pdf\/pubs\/water-eau\/ndma\/ndma-eng.pdf(accessed December 1, 2011)."},{"key":"ref6\/cit6","unstructured":"United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ContaminantCandidate List 3 - CCL,  (2009. Retrieved fromhttp:\/\/water.epa.gov\/scitech\/drinkingwater\/dws\/ccl\/ccl3.cfm(accessed December 1, 2011)."},{"key":"ref7\/cit7","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality, 2008. Retrieved fromhttp:\/\/www.who.int\/water_sanitation_health\/dwq\/chemicals\/ndmasummary_2ndadd.pdf(accessed December 1, 2011)."},{"key":"ref8\/cit8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1021\/es203312s","volume":"46","author":"Shah A. D.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"4","key":"ref9\/cit9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1016\/S0043-1354(01)00303-7","volume":"36","author":"Choi J. H.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"ref10\/cit10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1021\/es010684q","volume":"36","author":"Mitch W. A.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref11\/cit11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2006.07.031","volume":"41","author":"Charrois J. W. A.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"19","key":"ref12\/cit12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6007","DOI":"10.1021\/es060978h","volume":"40","author":"Schreiber I. M.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref13\/cit13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4871","DOI":"10.1021\/es034020n","volume":"37","author":"Choi J.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"20","key":"ref14\/cit14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7039","DOI":"10.1021\/es070500t","volume":"41","author":"Schreiber I. M.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref15\/cit15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6340","DOI":"10.1021\/es7030467","volume":"42","author":"Schmidt C. K.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref16\/cit16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2010.09.036","volume":"45","author":"Shen R.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"ref17\/cit17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1724","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2008.09.026","volume":"73","author":"Oya M.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref18\/cit18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2007.08.032","volume":"42","author":"Andrzejewski P.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"ref19\/cit19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1021\/es035025n","volume":"38","author":"Mitch W. A.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"13","key":"ref20\/cit20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4811","DOI":"10.1021\/es703017z","volume":"42","author":"Mitch W. A.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref21\/cit21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1021\/es802732z","volume":"43","author":"Park S. H.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"4","key":"ref22\/cit22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1021\/es902840h","volume":"44","author":"Kemper J. M.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref23\/cit23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4353","DOI":"10.1021\/es104255e","volume":"45","author":"Padhye L.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref24\/cit24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1021\/es026070i","volume":"37","author":"Gerecke A. C.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"10","key":"ref25\/cit25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3203","DOI":"10.1021\/es052078r","volume":"40","author":"Schreiber I. M.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"8","key":"ref26\/cit26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2911","DOI":"10.1021\/es802443t","volume":"43","author":"Krasner S. W.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"ref27\/cit27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2009.333","volume":"60","author":"Dotson A.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Water Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"2","key":"ref28\/cit28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1551-8833.2001.tb09129.x","volume":"93","author":"Najm I.","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Am. Water Works Assoc."},{"key":"ref29\/cit29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.2166\/wqrj.2003.045","volume":"38","author":"Kohut K. D.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Water Qual. J. Canada"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref30\/cit30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1021\/es802460n","volume":"43","author":"Kemper J. M.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"14","key":"ref31\/cit31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5062","DOI":"10.1021\/es8006673","volume":"42","author":"Chen Z.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"6","key":"ref32\/cit32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2056","DOI":"10.1021\/es062484q","volume":"41","author":"Lee C.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref33\/cit33","first-page":"433","volume":"42","author":"Lee C.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref34\/cit34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4857","DOI":"10.1021\/es7031423","volume":"42","author":"Zhao Y.-Y.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"2","key":"ref35\/cit35","first-page":"555","volume":"44","author":"Lee Y.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"4","key":"ref36\/cit36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1551-8833.1990.tb06949.x","volume":"82","author":"Reckhow D. A.","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Am. Water Works Assoc."},{"issue":"7","key":"ref37\/cit37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1016\/S0043-1354(02)00458-X","volume":"37","author":"von Gunten U.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"ref38\/cit38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/S0043-1354(88)90120-0","volume":"22","author":"Hoign\u00e9 J.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"ref39\/cit39","unstructured":"McKnight, A.; Reckhow, D. A.Reactions of ozonation by-products with chlorine and chloramines.Proceedings of the 1992 AWWA Annual Conference;AWWA:Denver, CO, 1992; pp399\u2013409."},{"issue":"6","key":"ref40\/cit40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1551-8833.1986.tb05766.x","volume":"78","author":"Aieta E. M.","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Am. Water Works Assoc."},{"key":"ref41\/cit41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1551-8833.2010.tb10134.x","volume":"102","author":"Reckhow D. A.","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Am. Water Works Assoc."},{"key":"ref42\/cit42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3657","DOI":"10.1021\/es104240v","volume":"45","author":"Shah A. D.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref43\/cit43","unstructured":"United States Environmental Protection Agency,  (1999. EPA Guidance Manual: Disinfection Profiling and Benchmarking \u2014 Appendix A\u2013E. Retrieved fromhttp:\/\/www.epa.gov\/safewater\/mdbp\/pdf\/profile\/benchpt4.pdf(accessed December 1, 2011)."},{"key":"ref44\/cit44","volume-title":"Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater","author":"Eaton A. D.","year":"1998","edition":"20"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref45\/cit45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/0043-1354(81)90054-3","volume":"15","author":"Bader H.","year":"1981","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"ref46\/cit46","volume-title":"The Chlorine Dioxide Handbook","author":"Gates D.","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref47\/cit47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1039\/an9911600657","volume":"116","author":"Chiswell B.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"ref48\/cit48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2519","DOI":"10.1021\/es0113403","volume":"36","author":"Linden K. G.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"21","key":"ref49\/cit49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8320","DOI":"10.1021\/es901611m","volume":"43","author":"Krasner S. W.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"17","key":"ref50\/cit50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2009.06.048","volume":"43","author":"Krauss M.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"ref51\/cit51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5762","DOI":"10.1021\/es1011862","volume":"44","author":"von Gunten U.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."}],"container-title":["Environmental Science &amp; Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/es204717j","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,4]],"date-time":"2023-04-04T15:55:45Z","timestamp":1680623745000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/10.1021\/es204717j"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,12]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1021\/es204717j"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/es204717j","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-936X","1520-5851"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-936X","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-5851","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,12]]}}}