{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T22:40:46Z","timestamp":1791240046517,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"16","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ. Sci. Technol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,21]]},"DOI":"10.1021\/es301166e","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,25]],"date-time":"2012-07-25T14:49:01Z","timestamp":1343227741000},"page":"8868-8877","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Global-Mean Temperature Change from Shipping toward 2050: Improved Representation of the Indirect Aerosol Effect in Simple Climate Models"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Marianne","family":"Tronstad Lund","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CICERO\u2212Center for International Climate and Environmental Research\u2014Oslo, P.O. Box 1129, Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronika","family":"Eyring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr\rLuft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Institut f\u00fcr Physik der Atmosph\u00e4re, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Fuglestvedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICERO\u2212Center for International Climate and Environmental Research\u2014Oslo, P.O. Box 1129, Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Hendricks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr\rLuft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Institut f\u00fcr Physik der Atmosph\u00e4re, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Axel","family":"Lauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Pacific Research\rCenter, University of Hawaii at Manoa,\rHonolulu, Hawaii, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalton Research Institute, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street,\rManchester M1 5GD, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mattia","family":"Righi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr\rLuft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Institut f\u00fcr Physik der Atmosph\u00e4re, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1\/cit1","unstructured":"UNCTAD\/RMT, Review of Maritime Transport. United Nations publication. Sales no. E.08.II.D.26. ISBN978-92-1-112758-4. ISSN0566-7682. 2008."},{"key":"ref2\/cit2","unstructured":"Buhaug, \u00d8.; Corbett, J. J.; Endresen, \u00d8.;Eyring, V.; Faber, J.; Hanayama, S.; Lee, D. S.;Lee, D.;Lindstadt, H.;Mjelde, A.;P\u00e5lsson, C.;Wanquing, W.;Winebrake, J. J.;Yoshida, K.Second Study on Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Ships;International Maritime Organization (IMO):London, UK, 2009."},{"issue":"37","key":"ref3\/cit3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4735","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2009.04.059","volume":"44","author":"Eyring V.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"ref4\/cit4","unstructured":"Kyoto Protocol.Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. [cited 2012, January 4]. Available fromhttp:\/\/unfccc.int\/essential_background\/kyoto_protocol\/items\/1678.php(accessed August 3, 2012)."},{"key":"ref5\/cit5","unstructured":"IMO, Mandatoryenergy efficiency measures for internationalshipping adopted at IMO environment meeting. International MaritimeOrganisation.  (2011.http:\/\/www.imo.org\/MediaCentre\/PressBriefings\/Pages\/42-mepc-ghg.aspx(accessed August 3, 2012)."},{"key":"ref6\/cit6","unstructured":"2009\/29\/EC,Directive 2009\/29\/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 amending Directive 2003\/87\/EC so as to improve and extend the greenhouse gas emission allowance trading scheme of the Community, 2009) ."},{"issue":"20","key":"ref7\/cit7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2005.02.041","volume":"39","author":"Endresen O.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"ref8\/cit8","unstructured":"EPA, SPECIATE 3.2, Profiles of Total Organic Compounds andParticulate Matter.  (2006.http:\/\/www.epa.gov\/ttn\/chief\/software\/speciate\/index.html(accessed August 3, 2012)."},{"issue":"24","key":"ref9\/cit9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8512","DOI":"10.1021\/es071686z","volume":"41","author":"Corbett J. J.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref10\/cit10","unstructured":"Cofala, J.; Amann, M.; Heyes, C.; Wagner, F.; Klimont, Z.; Posch, M.; Sch\u00f6pp, W.; Tarasson, L.; Jonson, J. E.; Whall, C.; Stavrakaki, A.Final Report: Analysis of Policy Measures to Reduce Ship Emissions in the Context of the Revision of the National Emissions Ceilings Directive;International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis:Laxenburg, Austria, 2007; p74."},{"key":"ref11\/cit11","unstructured":"IMO, Regulationsfor the prevention of air pollution from ships and NOx technical code,ANNEX VI of MARPOL 73\/78 London,  (1998."},{"issue":"49","key":"ref12\/cit12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19154","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0804844105","volume":"105","author":"Berntsen T.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"issue":"24","key":"ref13\/cit13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9057","DOI":"10.1021\/es901944r","volume":"43","author":"Fuglestvedt J.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"39","key":"ref14\/cit14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2009.05.025","volume":"43","author":"Skeie R. B.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"7","key":"ref15\/cit15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2482","DOI":"10.1021\/es902628e","volume":"44","author":"Dalsoren S. B.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref16\/cit16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-7-757-2007","volume":"7","author":"Eyring V.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref17\/cit17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5061","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-7-5061-2007","volume":"7","author":"Lauer A.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref18\/cit18","volume-title":"An Introduction to Simple Climate Models used in the IPCC Second Assessment Report. IPCC Technical Paper II","author":"IPCC","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref19\/cit19","unstructured":"Harvey, D.; Gregory, J.; Hoffert, M.; Jain, A.; Lal, M.; Leemans, R.; Raper, S.; Wigley, T.; de Wolde, J.An introduction to Simple Climate Models used in the IPCC Second Assessment Report. IPCC Technical Paper II 1997, not supplied."},{"key":"ref20\/cit20","unstructured":"IPCC, ClimateChange 2007: The physical science basis. Contribution of working group I to the fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change.Solomon, S.; Qin, D.; Manning, M.; Chen, Z.; Marquis, M.; Averyt, K. B.; Tignor, M. Miller, H. L.Eds.Cambridge University Press:Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA, 2007."},{"issue":"15","key":"ref21\/cit21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5592","DOI":"10.1021\/es900922h","volume":"43","author":"Lauer A.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref22\/cit22","volume-title":"Special Report on Emissions Scenarios. A Special Report of Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change","author":"Nakicenovic N.","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref23\/cit23","unstructured":"Clarke, L.; Edmonds, J.; Jacoby, H.; Pitcher, H.; Reilly, J.; Richels, R.Scenarios of greenhouse gas emissions and atmospheric concentrations. Sub-report 2.1A of Synthesis and Assessment Product 2.1 by the U.S. Climate Change Science Program and the Subcommittee on Global Change Research;Department of Energy, Office of Biological & Environmental Research:Washington, DC, USA, 2007; 154 pp."},{"key":"ref24\/cit24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2006.05.026","volume":"74","author":"Riahi K.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Technol. Forecasting Social Change"},{"key":"ref25\/cit25","first-page":"373","author":"Smith S. J.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Energy J. (Special Issue #3)"},{"issue":"5931","key":"ref26\/cit26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1168475","volume":"324","author":"Wise M.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"15","key":"ref27\/cit27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7017","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-10-7017-2010","volume":"10","author":"Lamarque J. F.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"17","key":"ref28\/cit28","volume":"110","author":"Eyring V.","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res., [Atmos.]"},{"key":"ref29\/cit29","unstructured":"OECD, Endresen, \u00d8.; Dals\u00f8ren, S.(main authors)The environmental impacts of increased international maritime shipping - Past trends and future perspectives. Work produced by Det Norske Veritas and University of Oslo, Rep. no. ENV\/EPOC\/WPNEP\/T(2008)5 7, 2008."},{"issue":"2","key":"ref30\/cit30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0702958104","volume":"105","author":"Fuglestvedt J.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"ref31\/cit31","unstructured":"Schlesinger, M. E.; Jiang, X.; Charlson, R. J.Implication of Anthropogenic Atmospheric Sulphate for the Sensitivity of the Climate System. InClimate Change and Energy Policy: Proceedings of the International Conference on Global Climate Change: Its Mitigation Through Improved Production and Use of Energy;Rosen, L. Glasser, R., Eds.American Institute of Physics:New York, 1992; pp75\u2013108."},{"issue":"3","key":"ref32\/cit32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.3402\/tellusb.v48i3.15921","volume":"48","author":"Joos F.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Tellus, Ser. B"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref33\/cit33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.3402\/tellusb.v44i3.15441","volume":"44","author":"Siegenthaler U.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Tellus, Ser. B"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref34\/cit34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4477","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-10-4477-2010","volume":"10","author":"Balkanski Y.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"2","key":"ref35\/cit35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2010.10.001","volume":"45","author":"Myhre G.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"4","key":"ref36\/cit36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.3402\/tellusb.v57i4.16549","volume":"57","author":"Berntsen T. K.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Tellus, Ser. B"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref37\/cit37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.1029\/2000GL012573","volume":"28","author":"Wild O.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref38\/cit38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-5-433-2005","volume":"5","author":"J\u00f6ckel P.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"8","key":"ref39\/cit39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3519","DOI":"10.1021\/es1036157","volume":"45","author":"Righi M.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"4","key":"ref40\/cit40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1021\/es9022859","volume":"44","author":"Paxian A.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"12","key":"ref41\/cit41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4321","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-6-4321-2006","volume":"6","author":"Dentener F.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref42\/cit42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-12-1449-2012","volume":"12","author":"Olivi\u00e9 D. J. L.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"18","key":"ref43\/cit43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1029\/JB073i018p06136","volume":"110","author":"Hansen J.","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res., [Atmos.]"},{"issue":"24205","key":"ref44\/cit44","volume":"116","author":"Peters K.","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"issue":"16","key":"ref45\/cit45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4621","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-8-4621-2008","volume":"8","author":"Grewe V.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"19","key":"ref46\/cit46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9689","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-10-9689-2010","volume":"10","author":"Corbett J. J.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref47\/cit47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5305","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-11-5305-2011","volume":"11","author":"Peters G. P.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"6","key":"ref48\/cit48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-8-1723-2008","volume":"8","author":"Quinn P. K.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"4","key":"ref49\/cit49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo473","volume":"2","author":"Shindell D.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Geosci."},{"key":"ref50\/cit50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1979","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-12-1979-2012","volume":"12","author":"\u00d8demark K.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"8","key":"ref51\/cit51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3040.2005.01341.x","volume":"28","author":"Ashmore M. R.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ."},{"issue":"5665","key":"ref52\/cit52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1876","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1094678","volume":"303","author":"Stevens C. J.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"13","key":"ref53\/cit53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4776","DOI":"10.1021\/es803224q","volume":"43","author":"Winebrake J. J.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."}],"container-title":["Environmental Science &amp; Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/es301166e","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]],"date-time":"2023-04-13T23:15:21Z","timestamp":1681427721000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/10.1021\/es301166e"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,9]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,21]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1021\/es301166e"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/es301166e","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-936X","1520-5851"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-936X","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-5851","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,9]]}}}