{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T09:24:31Z","timestamp":1788600271318,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ. Sci. Technol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,16]]},"DOI":"10.1021\/es304079p","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,11]],"date-time":"2013-03-11T19:39:01Z","timestamp":1363030741000},"page":"3734-3742","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Minimizing the Health and Climate Impacts of Emissions from Heavy-Duty Public Transportation Bus Fleets through Operational Optimization"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Brian","family":"Gouge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute\rfor Resources, Environment\rand Sustainability, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hadi","family":"Dowlatabadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute\rfor Resources, Environment\rand Sustainability, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Engineering and\rPublic Policy, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States"},{"name":"Resources for the Future, Washington,\rDC 20036, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francis J.","family":"Ries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metro Vancouver, Burnaby, British\rColumbia, V5H 4G8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1\/cit1","volume-title":"2011 Public Transportation Fact Book","year":"2011","edition":"62"},{"key":"ref2\/cit2","volume-title":"Climate Change 2007: Mitigation. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change","author":"Kahn Ribeiro S.","year":"2007"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref3\/cit3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1080\/10473289.2001.10464315","volume":"51","author":"Lloyd A. C.","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc."},{"key":"ref4\/cit4","volume-title":"Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change","author":"Solomon S.","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref5\/cit5","volume-title":"Traffic-Related Air Polluiton: A Critical Review of the Literature on Emissions, Exposure, and Health Effects","author":"Health Effects Institute","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref6\/cit6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.eg.18.110193.002525","volume":"18","author":"Smith K. R.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Energy"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref7\/cit7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023905326842","volume":"58","author":"Fuglestvedt J. S.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clim. Change"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref8\/cit8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trd.2008.11.001","volume":"14","author":"Li J.-Q.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Transp. Res., Part D"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref9\/cit9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trd.2010.03.004","volume":"15","author":"Stasko T. H.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Transp. Res., Part D"},{"key":"ref10\/cit10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3141\/2197-01","volume":"2197","author":"Figliozzi M.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Rec."},{"issue":"4","key":"ref11\/cit11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9488(2002)128:4(225)","volume":"128","author":"Ceder A.","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Urban Plann. Dev."},{"issue":"2","key":"ref12\/cit12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1021\/es060517w","volume":"41","author":"Mazzi E. A.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"ref13\/cit13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.publhealth.29.020907.090759","volume":"29","author":"Smith K. R.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Public Health"},{"issue":"9705","key":"ref14\/cit14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1930","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61714-1","volume":"374","author":"Woodcock J.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref15\/cit15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2011.03.024","volume":"39","author":"Grieshop A. P.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Energy Policy"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref16\/cit16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ede.0000181630.15826.7d","volume":"16","author":"Jerrett M.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"22","key":"ref17\/cit17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7675","DOI":"10.1021\/es062213f","volume":"41","author":"Greco S. L.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"26","key":"ref18\/cit18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2008.07.040","volume":"42","author":"Nazaroff W. W.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"18","key":"ref19\/cit19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7163","DOI":"10.1021\/es101391r","volume":"44","author":"Gouge B.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"4","key":"ref20\/cit20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo156","volume":"1","author":"Ramanathan V.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Geosci."},{"key":"ref21\/cit21","volume-title":"Bus Technology & Alternative Fuels Demonstration Project: Phase 1 \u2013 Test Program Report","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref22\/cit22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2006-01-3570","DOI":"10.4271\/2006-01-3570","author":"Hayes R. R.","year":"2006","journal-title":"SAE [Tech. Pap.]"},{"key":"ref23\/cit23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3141\/2233-01","volume":"2233","author":"Wayne W. S.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Rec."},{"key":"ref24\/cit24","volume-title":"Bus Technology & Alternative Fuels Demonstration Project: Final Phase 1 \u2013 Test Program Report","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref25\/cit25","volume-title":"Transit Bus Life Cycle Cost and Year 2007 Emissions Estimation","author":"Clark N. N.","year":"2007"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref26\/cit26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.energy.25.1.741","volume":"25","author":"Smith K. R.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Energy"},{"issue":"16","key":"ref27\/cit27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5860","DOI":"10.1021\/es702863p","volume":"42","author":"Reynolds C. C. O.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref28\/cit28","volume-title":"Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change","author":"Forster P.","year":"2007"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref29\/cit29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1097\/00004032-199301000-00003","volume":"64","author":"Layton D. W.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Health Phys."},{"issue":"7","key":"ref30\/cit30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1080\/20028091057574","volume":"8","author":"Marty M. A.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess."},{"key":"ref31\/cit31","volume-title":"CALINE4: A Dispersion Model For Predicting Air Pollution Concentrations Near Roadways","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref32\/cit32","volume-title":"ArcGIS Desktop","author":"Environmental Systems Research Institute","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref33\/cit33","volume-title":"2006 Census of Canada","author":"Statistics Canada","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref34\/cit34","volume-title":"Deaths and Mortality Rates, by Age Group and Sex, Canada, Provinces and Territories, Annual","author":"Statistics Canada","year":"2008"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref35\/cit35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1539-6924.2008.01119.x","volume":"29","author":"Levy J. I.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Risk Anal."},{"key":"ref36\/cit36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-9-65","volume":"9","author":"Levy J. I.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref37\/cit37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo595","volume":"2","author":"Grieshop A. P.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Geosci."},{"issue":"16","key":"ref38\/cit38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5921","DOI":"10.1021\/es0480421","volume":"39","author":"Bond T. C.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"9","key":"ref39\/cit39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo932","volume":"3","author":"Penner J. E.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Geosci."},{"key":"ref40\/cit40","volume-title":"Mobile-Source Air Toxics: A Critical Review of the Literature on Exposure and Health Effects","author":"Health Effects Institute","year":"2007"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref41\/cit41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1080\/10473289.2006.10464485","volume":"56","author":"Pope C. A.","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc."},{"issue":"24","key":"ref42\/cit42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199312093292401","volume":"329","author":"Dockery D. W.","year":"1993","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"ref43\/cit43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.95103472","volume":"103","author":"Pope C.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"ref44\/cit44","volume-title":"Integrated Science Assessment for Particulate Matter","author":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Center for Environmental Assessment-RTP Division Office of Research and Development","year":"2009"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref45\/cit45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0272-4332.2005.00574.x","volume":"25","author":"Tainio M.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Risk Anal."},{"issue":"4","key":"ref46\/cit46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1539-6924.2005.00650.x","volume":"25","author":"Stevens G.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Risk Anal."},{"issue":"1","key":"ref47\/cit47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1038\/jes.2010.14","volume":"21","author":"Setton E.","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Exposure Sci. Environ. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref48\/cit48","volume-title":"The Benefits and Costs of the Clean Air Act from 1990 to 2020: Final Report","author":"United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air and Radiation","year":"2011"},{"issue":"5005","key":"ref49\/cit49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1902322","volume":"252","author":"Krupnick A. J.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref50\/cit50","volume-title":"Annual Report 2010\/11","year":"2011"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref51\/cit51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1093\/reep\/rem018","volume":"1","author":"Robinson L. A.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rev. Environ. Econ. Policy"},{"key":"ref52\/cit52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511817434","volume-title":"The Economics of Climate Change: The Stern Review","author":"Stern N.","year":"2007"},{"issue":"5835","key":"ref53\/cit53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1137316","volume":"317","author":"Nordhaus W.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref54\/cit54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2010.07.007","volume":"19","author":"Ceder A.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Transp. Res., Part C"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref55\/cit55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/s12469-010-0018-5","volume":"1","author":"Bunte S.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Public Transp."}],"container-title":["Environmental Science & Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/es304079p","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,16]],"date-time":"2023-04-16T17:00:10Z","timestamp":1681664410000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/10.1021\/es304079p"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,1]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,16]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1021\/es304079p"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/es304079p","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-936X","1520-5851"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-936X","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-5851","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,1]]}}}