{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T18:44:32Z","timestamp":1789757072785,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,27]],"date-time":"2013-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1377561600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,27]],"date-time":"2013-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1377561600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,27]],"date-time":"2013-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1377561600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The interaction of inorganic contaminants present in biosolids with iron, aluminum, and manganese oxy\/hydroxides has been advocated as a key mechanism limiting their bioavailability. In this study, we investigated whether this is indeed the case, and further, whether it can be exploited to produce optimized biosolids products through the addition of chemical additives during sewage sludge processing. Experiments were conducted to investigate whether the addition of iron- and aluminum-based amendments (at 5 different rates) during the anaerobic digestion phase of wastewater treatment can effectively change the speciation or lability of contaminant metals (copper, zinc and cadmium) in biosolids destined for use in agriculture. The performance of the bioreactors was monitored throughout and the speciation and lability were determined in both fresh and 3-month aged biosolids using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (Cu, Zn) and isotopic dilution (65Cu, 65Zn, 109Cd). The tested amendments (FeCl3, Al2(SO4)3, and Al-rich water treatment residual) did not cause significant changes in metal speciation and were of limited use for reducing the lability of contaminant metals in good quality biosolids (suitable for use in agriculture), suggesting that high affinity binding sites were already in excess in these materials. However, the use of chemical amendments may offer advantages in terms of treatment process optimization and may also be beneficial when biosolids are used for contaminated site remediation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/es400805j","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,27]],"date-time":"2013-08-27T18:36:15Z","timestamp":1377628575000},"page":"11157-11165","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Effects of Chemical Amendments on the Lability and\nSpeciation of Metals in Anaerobically Digested Biosolids"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Erica","family":"Donner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of South Australia , , Building X, Mawson Lakes Campus , Mawson Lakes , South Australia 5095 ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"CRC CARE , PO Box 486, Salisbury , South Australia 5106 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianluca","family":"Brunetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of South Australia , , Building X, Mawson Lakes Campus , Mawson Lakes , South Australia 5095 ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"University of Bari , , 165\/A Via Amendola , 70126 Bari ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernie","family":"Zarcinas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of South Australia , , Building X, Mawson Lakes Campus , Mawson Lakes , South Australia 5095 ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"CRC CARE , PO Box 486, Salisbury , South Australia 5106 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Adelaide , , PMB 1, Glen Osmond , South Australia 5064 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ehsan","family":"Tavakkoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of South Australia , , Building X, Mawson Lakes Campus , Mawson Lakes , South Australia 5095 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravi","family":"Naidu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of South Australia , , Building X, Mawson Lakes Campus , Mawson Lakes , South Australia 5095 ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"CRC CARE , PO Box 486, Salisbury , South Australia 5106 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enzo","family":"Lombi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of South Australia , , Building X, Mawson Lakes Campus , Mawson Lakes , South Australia 5095 ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"CRC CARE , PO Box 486, Salisbury , South Australia 5106 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081802125337400_cit1","volume-title":"Australian\nand New Zealand Biosolids Partnership: Review\nof Biosolids Guidelines","author":"PSD","year":"2009"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026081802125337400_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1686","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2000.00472425002900050041x","article-title":"Chemical monitoring\nof sewage sludge\nin Pennsylvania: Variability and application uncertainty","volume":"29","author":"Stehouwer","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Environ. Qual."},{"key":"2026081802125337400_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2012.02.012","article-title":"A multi-technique investigation of\ncopper and zinc distribution,\nspeciation and potential bioavailability in biosolids","volume":"166","author":"Donner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026081802125337400_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2009.01.016","article-title":"Application of phytotoxicity data to a new Australian\nsoil quality guideline framework for biosolids","volume":"407","author":"Heemsbergen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026081802125337400_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2007.0671","article-title":"Phytoavailability of cadmium in long-term\nbiosolids-amended\nsoils","volume":"39","author":"Kukier","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Environ. Qual."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026081802125337400_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2011.0317","article-title":"The availability\nof copper in soils historically amended with sewage sludge, manure,\nand compost","volume":"41","author":"Smolders","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Environ. Qual."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026081802125337400_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1071\/EN04056","article-title":"Australian biosolids: Characterization\nand determination of available copper","volume":"1","author":"Oliver","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ.\nChem."},{"key":"2026081802125337400_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq1975.00472425000400040007x","article-title":"Phytotoxicity and metal uptake of\nmetal added to soils as inorganic salts or in sewage sludge","volume":"4","author":"Cunningham","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Environ. Qual."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026081802125337400_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq1998.00472425002700050012x","article-title":"The phytoavailability\nof cadmium to lettuce in long-term biosolids-amended soils","volume":"27","author":"Brown","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Environ. Qual."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026081802125337400_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1071\/EN06061","article-title":"A field investigation\nof solubility and food chain accumulation of biosolid-cadmium across\ndiverse soil types","volume":"3","author":"McLaughlin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ. Chem."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026081802125337400_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2009.10.037","article-title":"Bioavailability of zinc and copper in biosolids compared\nto their soluble salts","volume":"158","author":"Heemsbergen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081802125337400_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/S1093-0191(02)00139-9","article-title":"The influence\nof sewage sludge properties on sludge-borne metal availability","volume":"8","author":"Merrington","year":"2003","journal-title":"Adv. Environ. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026081802125337400_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2001.303903x","article-title":"Adsorption of cadmium\non biosolids-amended soils","volume":"30","author":"Li","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Environ. Qual."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081802125337400_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2004.0259","article-title":"mu-XANES and\nmu-XRF investigations of metal binding mechanisms in biosolids","volume":"35","author":"Hettiarachchi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Environ. Qual."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081802125337400_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2003.1000","article-title":"Effect of biosolids\nprocessing on lead bioavailability in an urban soil","volume":"32","author":"Brown","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Environ. Qual."},{"issue":"17","key":"2026081802125337400_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7249","DOI":"10.1021\/es201710z","article-title":"X-ray absorption and micro X-ray\nfluorescence spectroscopy investigation of copper and zinc speciation\nin biosolids","volume":"45","author":"Donner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"19","key":"2026081802125337400_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4561","DOI":"10.1016\/S0043-1354(03)00401-9","article-title":"Mesophilic and thermophilic\nanaerobic digestion of\nprimary and secondary sludge. Effect of pre-treatment at elevated\ntemperature","volume":"37","author":"Gavala","year":"2003","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"2026081802125337400_cit18","volume-title":"Wastewater\nEngineering: Treatment and Reuse","author":"Tchobanoglous","year":"2003","edition":"4"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026081802125337400_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2004.0902","article-title":"Assessment of the use of industrial by-products to\nremediate a copper- and arsenic-contaminated soil","volume":"33","author":"Lombi","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Environ. Qual."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026081802125337400_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mineng.2003.09.018","article-title":"Characterisation of iron-rich sludge:\nCorrelations between reactivity, density and structure","volume":"17","author":"Georgaki","year":"2004","journal-title":"Miner. Eng."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026081802125337400_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2012.03.065","article-title":"The removal of hydrogen sulfide in solution by ferric\nand alum water treatment residuals","volume":"88","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"2026081802125337400_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00172836","article-title":"On-line measurement of dissolved\nand gaseous hydrogen sulphide in anaerobic biogas reactors","volume":"43","author":"Meyer-Jens","year":"1995","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"2026081802125337400_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1080\/02772249609358390","article-title":"Control\nof hydrogen sulphide in digestor gas using iron salts","volume":"58","author":"Cheung","year":"1996","journal-title":"Toxicol. Environ. Chem."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026081802125337400_cit24","first-page":"610","article-title":"Effect of bicarbonate\nalkalinity on gravimetric solids analysis in anaerobic wastewater\ntreatment","volume":"32","author":"Soares\nDamasceno","year":"2007","journal-title":"Interciencia"},{"issue":"99","key":"2026081802125337400_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2113(08)00406-9","article-title":"Advances in\nisotopic dilution techniques\nin trace element research: A review of methodologies, benefits, and\nlimitations","volume":"99","author":"Hamon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Adv. Agron."},{"key":"2026081802125337400_cit26","unstructured":"Zarcinas\n              B. A.\n            ; Donner.E.; Lombi.E.; NaiduR.\n          Determination\nof 63Cu+ and 65Cu+ isotopes\nand ratios using an agilent 7500c\ninductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer with octopole reaction\nsystem using He as the collision gas. Proceedings\nof the 11th International Conference on the Biogeochemistry of Trace\nElements, Firenze, Italy, 3\u20135 July 2011; International Society for Trace Element Research, 2011."},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"2026081802125337400_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-004-2816-6","article-title":"Measurement\nof labile Cu in soil using stable isotope dilution and isotope ratio\nanalysis by ICP-MS","volume":"380","author":"Nolan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2026081802125337400_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-008-9876-x","article-title":"Synchrotron-based techniques for plant and soil science:\nopportunities, challenges and future perspectives","volume":"320","author":"Lombi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plant Soil"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081802125337400_cit29","first-page":"83","article-title":"Principal component analysis approach\nfor modeling sulfur K-XANES spectra of humic acids","volume":"66","author":"Beauchemin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026081802125337400_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gca.2006.02.006","article-title":"Speciation and solubility of heavy metals in contaminated\nsoil using X-ray microfluorescence, EXAFS spectroscopy, chemical extraction,\nand thermodynamic modeling","volume":"70","author":"Kirpichtchikova","year":"2006","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim.\nActa"},{"key":"2026081802125337400_cit31","first-page":"233","article-title":"Anaerobic\ndigestion","volume-title":"Sludge into Biosolids: Processing,\nDisposal, Utilisation","author":"Doha\u0301nyos","year":"2001"},{"key":"2026081802125337400_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1238\/Physica.Topical.115a00946","article-title":"Chemical states of\ntrace heavy metals in sewage sludge by XAFS Spectroscopy","volume":"T115","author":"Nagoshi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Phys. Scr."},{"key":"2026081802125337400_cit33","volume-title":"Factor\nAnalysis in Chemistry","author":"Malinowski","year":"1991"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026081802125337400_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1021\/es9907764","article-title":"Solid-solution partitioning\nof metals\nin contaminated soils: Dependence on pH, total metal burden, and organic\nmatter","volume":"34","author":"Sauve","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026081802125337400_cit35","first-page":"149","article-title":"Soil properties\ncontrolling metal partitioning","volume-title":"Heavy Metals\nRelease in Soils","author":"Impellitteri","year":"2001"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026081802125337400_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1071\/SR02121","article-title":"Transformation and\nfixation of Zn in two polluted soils by changes of pH and organic\nligands","volume":"41","author":"Collins","year":"2003","journal-title":"Aust. J. Soil Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081802125337400_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2009.06.034","article-title":"Biological\nand chemical assessments\nof zinc ageing in field soils","volume":"158","author":"Donner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"2026081802125337400_cit38","first-page":"341","article-title":"Quantitative speciation\nof heavy metals in soils and sediments by synchrotron X-ray techniques","volume-title":"Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry: Applications\nof Synchrotron Radiation in Low-Temperature Geochemistry and Environmental\nScience","author":"Manceau","year":"2002"}],"container-title":["Environmental\nScience &amp; Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/es400805j","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article-pdf\/47\/19\/11157\/8915597\/es400805j.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article-pdf\/47\/19\/11157\/8915597\/es400805j.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T08:55:30Z","timestamp":1787043330000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article\/47\/19\/11157\/850710\/Effects-of-Chemical-Amendments-on-the-Lability-and"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,27]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/es400805j","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-936X","1520-5851"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-936X","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-5851","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,27]]}}}