{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T23:28:51Z","timestamp":1790292531404,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,27]],"date-time":"2013-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1377561600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,27]],"date-time":"2013-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1377561600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,27]],"date-time":"2013-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1377561600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Wildfires generate substantial emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). As such, wildfires contribute to elevated ozone (O3) in the atmosphere. However, there is a large amount of variability in the emissions of O3 precursors and the amount of O3 produced between fires. There is also significant interannual variability as seen in median O3, organic carbon and satellite derived carbon monoxide mixing ratios in the western U.S. To better understand O3 produced from wildfires, we developed a statistical model that estimates the maximum daily 8 h average (MDA8) O3 as a function of several meteorological and temporal variables for three urban areas in the western U.S.: Salt Lake City, UT; Boise, ID; and Reno, NV. The model is developed using data from June-September 2000\u20132012. For these three locations, the statistical model can explain 60, 52, and 27% of the variability in daily MDA8. The Statistical Model Residual (SMR) can give information on additional sources of O3 that are not explained by the usual meteorological pattern. Several possible O3 sources can explain high SMR values on any given day. We examine several cases with high SMR that are due to wildfire influence. The first case considered is for Reno in June 2008 when the MDA8 reached 82 ppbv. The wildfire influence for this episode is supported by PM concentrations, the known location of wildfires at the time and simulations with the Weather and Research Forecasting Model with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) which indicates transport to Reno from large fires burning in California. The contribution to the MDA8 in Reno from the California wildfires is estimated to be 26 ppbv, based on the SMR, and 60 ppbv, based on WRF-Chem. The WRF-Chem model also indicates an important role for peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) in producing O3 during transport from the California wildfires. We hypothesize that enhancements in PAN due to wildfire emissions may lead to regional enhancements in O3 during high fire years. The second case is for the Salt Lake City (SLC) region for August 2012. During this period the MDA8 reached 83 ppbv and the SMR suggests a wildfire contribution of 19 ppbv to the MDA8. The wildfire influence is supported by PM2.5 data, the known location of wildfires at the time, HYSPLIT dispersion modeling that indicates transport from fires in Idaho, and results from the CMAQ model that confirm the fire impacts. Concentrations of PM2.5 and O3 are enhanced during this period, but overall there is a poor relationship between them, which is consistent with the complexities in the secondary production of O3. A third case looks at high MDA8 in Boise, ID, during July 2012 and reaches similar conclusions. These results support the use of statistical modeling as a tool to quantify the influence from wildfires on urban O3 concentrations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/es402164f","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,27]],"date-time":"2013-08-27T09:19:12Z","timestamp":1377595152000},"page":"11065-11072","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":114,"title":["Impact of Wildfires on Ozone Exceptional Events in\nthe Western U.S."],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Daniel A.","family":"Jaffe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington-Bothell , , Bothell , Washington 98011 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"University of Washington-Seattle , , Seattle Washington 98195 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Wigder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington-Bothell , , Bothell , Washington 98011 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"University of Washington-Seattle , , Seattle Washington 98195 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Downey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth System Sciences, LLC , Houston , Texas 77005 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Pfister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Atmospheric Research , Boulder , Colorado 80307 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Boynard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Atmospheric Research , Boulder , Colorado 80307 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen\nB.","family":"Reid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sonoma Technology, Inc. , Petaluma , California 94954 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081802113618900_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4039","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-11-4039-2011","article-title":"Emission factors\nfor open and domestic biomass burning for use in atmospheric models","volume":"11","author":"Akagi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"2026081802113618900_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1029\/2000GB001382","article-title":"Emission of trace gases and aerosols from biomass burning","volume":"15","author":"Andreae","year":"2001","journal-title":"Global Biogeochem. Cycles"},{"issue":"16","key":"2026081802113618900_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5885","DOI":"10.1021\/es800084k","article-title":"Influence of fires on O3 concentrations\nin the western U.S","volume":"42","author":"Jaffe","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026081802113618900_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2812","DOI":"10.1021\/es702755v","article-title":"Inter-annual variations in PM2.5 due to\nwildfires in the Western United States","volume":"42","author":"Jaffe","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ.\nSci. Technol."},{"key":"2026081802113618900_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13425","DOI":"10.5194\/acpd-11-13425-2011","article-title":"Biomass\nburning contribution to black\ncarbon in the western United States mountain ranges","volume":"11","author":"Mao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss."},{"key":"2026081802113618900_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2011.11.063","article-title":"Ozone production\nfrom wildfires: A critical review","volume":"51","author":"Jaffe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"2026081802113618900_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-12-1397-2012","article-title":"Evolution\nof trace gases and particles emitted by a chaparral fire in California","volume":"12","author":"Akagi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. and Phys."},{"key":"2026081802113618900_cit8","first-page":"D10S41","article-title":"Processes\ninfluencing ozone levels in Alaskan forest fire plumes\nduring long-range transport over the North Atlantic","volume":"112","author":"Real","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"2026081802113618900_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2012GL052432","article-title":"Significant light\ninduced ozone loss on biomass burning aerosol: Evidence from chemistry-transport\nmodeling based on new laboratory studies","author":"Konovalov","year":"2012","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"issue":"D22","key":"2026081802113618900_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4705","DOI":"10.1029\/2003JD003732","article-title":"Chemical process\nin a young biomass-burning plume","volume":"108","author":"Trentmann","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Geophys.\nRes."},{"key":"2026081802113618900_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9739","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-10-9739-2010","article-title":"Nitrogen oxides and PAN in plumes from boreal fires during ARCTAS-B\nand their impact on ozone: An integrated analysis of aircraft and\nsatellite observations","volume":"10","author":"Alvarado","year":"2010","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. and Phys."},{"key":"2026081802113618900_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2012.03.046","article-title":"Interactions\nof fire emissions and urban pollution over California: Ozone formation\nand air quality simulations","volume":"56","author":"Singh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"2026081802113618900_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2013.04.026","article-title":"Ozone and Particulate matter enhancements\nfrom regional wildfires observed at Mount Bachelor during 2004\u20132011","author":"Wigder","year":"2013","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026081802113618900_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1021\/es1028102","article-title":"Relationship\nbetween surface and free tropospheric ozone in the western U.S","volume":"45","author":"Jaffe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"22","key":"2026081802113618900_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9484","DOI":"10.1021\/es2022818","article-title":"Establishing policy\nrelevant background (PRB) ozone concentrations\nin the United States","volume":"45","author":"McDonald-Buller","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026081802113618900_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2012JD018738","article-title":"Influence of\nDaily variations in baseline ozone on urban air quality in the United\nStates Pacific Northwest","author":"Wigder","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"2026081802113618900_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2011.07.054","article-title":"Improved estimate of\nthe policy-relevant background ozone in the\nUnited States using the GEOS-Chem global model with 1\/2\u00b0x2\/3\u00b0\nhorizontal resolution over North America","volume":"45","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Atmos.\nEnviron."},{"key":"2026081802113618900_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2011.11.021","article-title":"Surface\nozone-temperature relationships in the eastern\nUS: A monthly climatology for evaluating chemistry-climate models","volume":"47","author":"Rasmussen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atmos. 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Phys."},{"key":"2026081802113618900_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D04306","DOI":"10.1029\/2011JD016416","article-title":"Boundary\nlayer versus free tropospheric\nCO budget and variability over the United States during summertime","volume":"117","author":"Boynard","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026081802113618900_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.5194\/gmd-5-1531-2012","article-title":"Tagged ozone mechanism\nfor MOZART-4, CAM-chem and other chemical transport models","volume":"5","author":"Emmons","year":"2012","journal-title":"Geosci. Model Dev."},{"issue":"13","key":"2026081802113618900_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6195","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-10-6195-2010","article-title":"Impact of Mexico City\nemissions on regional air quality from MOZART-4\nsimulations","volume":"10","author":"Emmons","year":"2010","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"D11","key":"2026081802113618900_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2006JD007557","article-title":"Ozone\nsource attribution\nand its modulation by the Arctic oscillation during the spring months","volume":"112","author":"Hess","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res., [Atmos.]"},{"issue":"D8","key":"2026081802113618900_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2004JD005537","article-title":"Tropospheric ozone\nevolution between\n1890 and 1990","volume":"110","author":"Lamarque","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res., [Atmos.]"},{"issue":"D24","key":"2026081802113618900_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2006JD007695","article-title":"Ozone production from the 2004 North American boreal fires","volume":"111","author":"Pfister","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res., [Atmos.]"},{"key":"2026081802113618900_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2008JD010190","article-title":"Analysis of the\nSummer 2004 ozone\nbudget over the United States using Intercontinental Transport Experiment\nOzonesonde Network Study (IONS) observations and Model of Ozone and\nRelated Tracers (MOZART-4) simulations","volume":"113","author":"Pfister","year":"2008","journal-title":"J.\nGeophys. Res., [Atmos.]"},{"key":"2026081802113618900_cit35","volume-title":"Discovering Statistics\nUsing SPSS","author":"Field","year":"2005","edition":"2"},{"issue":"30","key":"2026081802113618900_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2011.06.056","article-title":"Causes of high O3 in the\nlower free troposphere over the Pacific Northwest as observed at the\nMt. Bachelor Observatory","volume":"45","author":"Ambrose","year":"2011","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"2026081802113618900_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L12801","DOI":"10.1029\/2009gl038367","article-title":"Stratospheric contribution\nto high surface ozone in Colorado during springtime","volume":"36","author":"Langford","year":"2009","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"2026081802113618900_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D00V07","DOI":"10.1029\/2011jd016961","article-title":"Transport of Asian ozone pollution into surface air over the western\nUnited States in spring","volume":"117","author":"Lin","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"2026081802113618900_cit39","unstructured":"California Air Resources Board (CARB)\n          .\nExceptional Events\nDemonstration for 1-h Ozone Exceedances in the Sacramento Regional\nNonattainment Area Due to 2008 Wildfires, Updated Documentation March\n30, 2011. http:\/\/www.epa.gov\/ttn\/analysis\/exevents.htm."}],"container-title":["Environmental\nScience &amp; Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/es402164f","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article-pdf\/47\/19\/11065\/8922741\/es402164f.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article-pdf\/47\/19\/11065\/8922741\/es402164f.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T08:47:57Z","timestamp":1787042877000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article\/47\/19\/11065\/851037\/Impact-of-Wildfires-on-Ozone-Exceptional-Events-in"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,27]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/es402164f","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-936X","1520-5851"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-936X","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-5851","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,27]]}}}