{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T02:43:05Z","timestamp":1789872185150,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,6]],"date-time":"2013-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1378425600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,6]],"date-time":"2013-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1378425600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,6]],"date-time":"2013-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1378425600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Increasing emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) over the Chinese mainland have been of great concern due to their adverse impacts on regional air quality and public health. To explore and obtain the temporal and spatial characteristics of NOx emissions from thermal power plants in China, a unit-based method is developed. The method assesses NOx emissions based on detailed information on unit capacity, boiler and burner patterns, feed fuel types, emission control technologies, and geographical locations. The national total NOx emissions in 2010 are estimated at 7801.6 kt, of which 5495.8 kt is released from coal-fired power plant units of considerable size between 300 and 1000 MW. The top provincial emitter is Shandong where plants are densely concentrated. The average NOx-intensity is estimated at 2.28 g\/kWh, markedly higher than that of developed countries, mainly owing to the inadequate application of high-efficiency denitrification devices such as selective catalytic reduction (SCR). Future NOx emissions are predicted by applying scenario analysis, indicating that a reduction of about 40% by the year 2020 can be achieved compared with emissions in 2010. These results suggest that NOx emissions from Chinese thermal power plants could be substantially mitigated within 10 years if reasonable control measures were implemented effectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/es402202d","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,6]],"date-time":"2013-09-06T13:26:21Z","timestamp":1378473981000},"page":"11350-11357","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["Nitrogen Oxides Emissions from Thermal Power Plants\nin China: Current Status and Future Predictions"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Hezhong","family":"Tian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Normal University , , Beijing 100875 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaiyun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Normal University , , Beijing 100875 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiming","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsinghua University , , Beijing 100084 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Normal University , , Beijing 100875 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiajia","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Normal University , , Beijing 100875 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peipei","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Normal University , , Beijing 100875 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuanyong","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Normal University , , Beijing 100875 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081802132254900_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31203","DOI":"10.1029\/98JD02651","article-title":"Vertical\ndistributions of lightning NOx for use\nin regional and global chemical transport models","volume":"103","author":"Pickering","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos"},{"key":"2026081802132254900_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/S0269-7491(98)80032-8","article-title":"Agricultural NH3 and NOx emissions\nin Canada","volume":"102","author":"Kurvits","year":"1998","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"2026081802132254900_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27701","DOI":"10.1029\/2000JD000191","article-title":"NOx production\nby lightning over the continental United States","volume":"106","author":"Bond","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos"},{"key":"2026081802132254900_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2009.04.060","article-title":"A highly\nresolved temporal and spatial air pollutant emission inventory for\nthe Pearl River Delta region, China and its uncertainty assessment","volume":"43","author":"Zheng","year":"2009","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"2026081802132254900_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2009JD013065","article-title":"Strong air\npollution causes widespread haze-clouds over China","volume":"115","author":"Ma","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos"},{"key":"2026081802132254900_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2044","DOI":"10.1007\/s11434-011-4518-8","article-title":"Formation and causes\nof NOx pollution\non the east side of the Taihang Mountains in China","volume":"56","author":"Tian","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chin. Sci. Bull."},{"key":"2026081802132254900_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8021","DOI":"10.1021\/es901430n","article-title":"Soil acidification\nin China: Is controlling SO2 emissions enough?","volume":"43","author":"Zhao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol"},{"key":"2026081802132254900_cit8","volume-title":"China Power Statistical\nYearbook (2005\u20132011)","author":"National\nBureau of Statistics of China","year":"2011"},{"key":"2026081802132254900_cit9","volume-title":"China Electrical Power Industry\nStatistics, (2004\u20132010)","author":"China\nElectricity Council","year":"2010"},{"key":"2026081802132254900_cit10","volume-title":"China Energy\nStatistical Yearbook (2011)","author":"National Bureau of Statistics\nof China","year":"2011"},{"key":"2026081802132254900_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1021\/es015601k","article-title":"Emission\ninventories of NOx from commercial energy\nconsumption in China, 1995\u20131998","volume":"36","author":"Hao","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ.\nSci. 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Ph.D. Dissertation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 2003 (in Chinese)."},{"key":"2026081802132254900_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4419","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-7-4419-2007","article-title":"An Asian emission inventory of anthropogenic emission\nsources for the period 1980\u20132020","volume":"7","author":"Ohara","year":"2007","journal-title":"Atmos.\nChem. Phys."},{"key":"2026081802132254900_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5131","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-9-5131-2009","article-title":"Asian emissions\nin 2006 for the NASA\nINTEX-B mission","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"2026081802132254900_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2008.08.021","article-title":"Primary air pollutant emissions of\ncoal-fired power\nplants in China: Current status and future prediction","volume":"42","author":"Zhao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"2026081802132254900_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4429","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-12-4429-2012","article-title":"Growth in\nNOx emissions from power plants in China:\nBottom-up estimates and satellite observations","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"2026081802132254900_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10364","DOI":"10.1021\/es302343s","article-title":"Temporal trends and spatial variation characteristics\nof hazardous air pollutant emission inventory from municipal solid\nwaste incineration in China","volume":"46","author":"Tian","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026081802132254900_cit20","volume-title":"Notice of Fossil-Fired Power Plant NOx Emission Prevention and Treatment Policy","author":"Ministry of Environmental Protection of People\u2019s\nRepublic\nof China","year":"2011"},{"key":"2026081802132254900_cit21","volume-title":"\u201c12th Five-Year-Plan\u201d on\nEnergy Conservation and Emission Reduction","author":"Central People\u2019s\nGovernment of the People\u2019s Republic\nof China","year":"2012"},{"key":"2026081802132254900_cit22","first-page":"37","article-title":"Countermeasures\nand suggestions to control NOx emissions\nfrom utility boilers","volume":"1","author":"Bi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Electric Power"},{"key":"2026081802132254900_cit23","first-page":"984","article-title":"Experiment of effects of boiler structures\nand burner models on NOx emission from\ncoal-fired boiler","volume":"32","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. China Coal Soc."},{"key":"2026081802132254900_cit24","first-page":"12","article-title":"A research\non coal adaptability of low-NOx burners","volume":"32","author":"He","year":"2003","journal-title":"Therm. Power Gener."},{"key":"2026081802132254900_cit25","first-page":"19","article-title":"Reformation of boiler\nfor low-NOx emission and experimental\nanalysis","volume":"25","author":"Wen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Electr. Power Environ. Protect."},{"key":"2026081802132254900_cit26","first-page":"1","article-title":"Study on\nlarge-capacity boiler high efficiency low-NOx combustion\ntechnology","volume":"1","author":"Zeng","year":"2001","journal-title":"Boiler Manuf."},{"key":"2026081802132254900_cit27","first-page":"59","article-title":"Study on the estimation\nmethods for NOx emission from coal-fired power plants in\nChina","volume":"42","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Electr. Power"},{"key":"2026081802132254900_cit28","first-page":"11","article-title":"A study of NOx and SO2 emission of different\ncoal in high temperature combustion","volume":"34","author":"Wang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Boiler\nTechnol."},{"key":"2026081802132254900_cit29","first-page":"242","article-title":"Experimental research\nof the NOx generation and burnout characteristics\nduring the combustion of blended coals","volume":"19","author":"Weng","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Eng.\nTherm. Energy"},{"key":"2026081802132254900_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2010.01.017","article-title":"Establishment\nof a database of emission factors for atmospheric pollutants from\nChinese coal-fired power plants","volume":"44","author":"Zhao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"2026081802132254900_cit31","unstructured":"Liu\n              Z. Q.\n            \n          \n          Study on the\nestimation of NOx emission from thermal\npower industry in China. Ph.D. Dissertation, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, China, 2007 (in Chinese)."},{"key":"2026081802132254900_cit32","volume-title":"Emission Standard of Air Pollutants for Thermal Power Plants (GB13223-1996)","author":"State Environmental Protection Administration of China","year":"1996"},{"key":"2026081802132254900_cit33","volume-title":"Emission Standard of Air Pollutants for Thermal Power Plants (GB13223-2003)","author":"State Environmental Protection Administration of China","year":"2003"},{"key":"2026081802132254900_cit34","volume-title":"Emission Standard of Air Pollutants for Thermal Power Plants (GB13223-2011)","author":"State Environmental Protection Administration of China","year":"2011"},{"key":"2026081802132254900_cit35","volume-title":"Manual of Pollutants\nGeneration and Discharge Coefficient from Industrial Pollution Source","author":"China Pollution Source Census","year":"2012"},{"key":"2026081802132254900_cit36","first-page":"55","article-title":"Application\nof NOx control technology in thermal power\nindustry","volume":"44","author":"Zhu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Electr. Power"},{"key":"2026081802132254900_cit37","first-page":"31","article-title":"Suggestions\non the selection of flue gas denitrification\ntechnologies during the 12th Five-year-plan period","volume":"9","author":"Zhao","year":"2011","journal-title":"China Power Enterprise Manage."},{"key":"2026081802132254900_cit38","first-page":"81","article-title":"Thinking on achievements and problems\nof energy conservation and emissions reduction for power industry\nin China during the 11th five-year plan","volume":"3","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J.\nEnviron. Eng. Technol."},{"key":"2026081802132254900_cit39","volume-title":"Report on\n\u201c12th Five-Year-Plan\u201d of the Electric Power Industry","author":"National Bureau of Statistics of China","year":"2011"},{"key":"2026081802132254900_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2011.12.045","article-title":"Temporal and spatial variation characteristics\nof atmospheric emissions of Cd, Cr, and Pb from coal in China","volume":"50","author":"Tian","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"2026081802132254900_cit41","first-page":"9","article-title":"Outline of optimization of thermal\npower structures and study on technical upgrading in China","volume":"23","author":"Lv","year":"2002","journal-title":"Electr. Power Constr."},{"key":"2026081802132254900_cit42","volume-title":"State\nElectricity Profiles","year":"2012"},{"key":"2026081802132254900_cit43","volume-title":"NOx State Implementation\nPlan Call","year":"1998"},{"key":"2026081802132254900_cit44","volume-title":"Federal\nNOx Budget Trading Program","year":"1999"},{"key":"2026081802132254900_cit45","first-page":"520","article-title":"Anthropogenic emission inventories\nof nitrogen oxides in China, 2005","volume":"5","author":"Tian","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prepr. Pap.-Am.\nChem. Soc., Div. Fuel Chem."},{"key":"2026081802132254900_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-13-487-2013","article-title":"The effects of recent control policies\non trends in emissions of anthropogenic atmospheric pollutants and\nCO2 in China","volume":"13","author":"Zhao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys"},{"key":"2026081802132254900_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2295","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-11-2295-2011","article-title":"Quantifying\nthe uncertainties of a bottom-up emission inventory of anthropogenic\natmospheric pollutants in China","volume":"11","author":"Zhao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem.\nPhys."},{"key":"2026081802132254900_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9402(2007)133:1(4)","article-title":"Recent trends of\nenergy consumption and air pollution in China","volume":"133","author":"Tian","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Energy Eng."},{"key":"2026081802132254900_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2009GL038984","article-title":"Satellite observations of recent\npower plant construction in Inner Mongolia, China","volume":"36","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"2026081802132254900_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/5\/4\/044007","article-title":"Satellite detection\nand model verification of NOx emissions\nfrom power plants in Northern China","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ.\nRes. Lett."},{"key":"2026081802132254900_cit51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2857","DOI":"10.1007\/s11434-012-5015-4","article-title":"Satellite\nremote sensing of changes in NOx emissions\nover China during 1996\u20132010","volume":"57","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chin. Sci.\nBull."},{"key":"2026081802132254900_cit52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11905","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-10-11905-2010","article-title":"Trend and\ncharacteristics of atmospheric\nemissions of Hg, As, and Se from coal combustion in China, 1980\u20132007","volume":"10","author":"Tian","year":"2010","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"2026081802132254900_cit53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3973","DOI":"10.1021\/es2041465","article-title":"Anthropogenic atmospheric emissions of antimony and\nits spatial distribution characteristics in China","volume":"46","author":"Tian","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026081802132254900_cit54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.1080\/10473289.2001.10464366","article-title":"Cost-effective reduction\nof NOx emissions from electricity generation","volume":"51","author":"Burtraw","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Air Waste Manage."}],"container-title":["Environmental\nScience &amp; Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/es402202d","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article-pdf\/47\/19\/11350\/8922792\/es402202d.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article-pdf\/47\/19\/11350\/8922792\/es402202d.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T08:46:53Z","timestamp":1787042813000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article\/47\/19\/11350\/851041\/Nitrogen-Oxides-Emissions-from-Thermal-Power"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,6]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/es402202d","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-936X","1520-5851"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-936X","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-5851","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,6]]}}}