{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T14:26:26Z","timestamp":1786803986534,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,15]],"date-time":"2014-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1413331200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,15]],"date-time":"2014-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1413331200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,15]],"date-time":"2014-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1413331200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["211250"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["211250"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ENV.2009.1.2.2.1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ENV.2009.1.2.2.1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007196","name":"Ministerie van Infrastructuur en Milieu","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Land use regression (LUR) models have been used to model concentrations of mainly traffic-related air pollutants (nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter (PM) mass or absorbance). Few LUR models are published of PM composition, whereas the interest in health effects related to particle composition is increasing. The aim of our study was to evaluate LUR models of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), hopanes\/steranes, and elemental and organic carbon (EC\/OC) content of PM2.5. In 10 European study areas, PAH, hopanes\/steranes, and EC\/OC concentrations were measured at 16\u201340 sites per study area. LUR models for each study area were developed on the basis of annual average concentrations and predictor variables including traffic, population, industry, natural land obtained from geographic information systems. The highest median model explained variance (R2) was found for EC \u2013 84%. The median R2 was 51% for OC, 67% for benzo\u00ad[a]\u00adpyrene, and 38% for sum of hopanes\/steranes, with large variability between study areas. Traffic predictors were included in most models. Population and natural land were included frequently as additional predictors. The moderate to high explained variance of LUR models and the overall moderate correlation with PM2.5 model predictions support the application of especially the OC and PAH models in epidemiological studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/es502568z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,15]],"date-time":"2014-10-15T12:11:24Z","timestamp":1413375084000},"page":"14435-14444","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Development\nof Land Use Regression Models for Elemental,\nOrganic Carbon, PAH, and Hopanes\/Steranes in 10 ESCAPE\/TRANSPHORM\nEuropean Study Areas"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Jedynska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"TNO, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerard","family":"Hoek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Utrecht University , , ,","place":["Utrecht, The Netherlands, 3508"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Utrecht University , , ,","place":["Utrecht, The Netherlands, 3508"]},{"name":"University of Washington , , , ,","place":["Seattle, Washington, The United States, 98195"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marloes","family":"Eeftens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Utrecht University , , ,","place":["Utrecht, The Netherlands, 3508"]},{"name":"Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute , , ,","place":["Basel, Switzerland, 4002"]},{"name":"University of Basel , ,","place":["Basel, Switzerland, 4003"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josef","family":"Cyrys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helmholtz Zentrum Mu\u0308nchen, German Research Center of Environmental Health , ,","place":["Neuherberg, Germany"]},{"name":"University of Augsburg , , ,","place":["Augsburg, Germany, 86159"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Menno","family":"Keuken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TNO, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christophe","family":"Ampe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIRPARIF, 75004Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rob","family":"Beelen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Utrecht University , , ,","place":["Utrecht, The Netherlands, 3508"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Cesaroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lazio Regional Health Service , , ,","place":["Rome, Italy, 00198"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Forastiere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lazio Regional Health Service , , ,","place":["Rome, Italy, 00198"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Cirach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), 08003Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), 08003Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Epidemiolog i\u0301a y Salud Pu\u0301blica (CIBERESP), 08036Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kees","family":"de Hoogh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imperial College London , , ,","place":["London, United Kingdom, SW7 2AZ"]},{"name":"Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute , , ,","place":["Basel, Switzerland, 4002"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Audrey","family":"De Nazelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), 08003Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Imperial College London , , ,","place":["London, United Kingdom, SW7 2AZ"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenche","family":"Nystad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Institute of Public Health , , ,","place":["Oslo, Norway, 0403"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christophe","family":"Declercq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"French Institute for Public Health Surveillance (InVS) , ,","place":["Saint-Maurice Cedex, France, 94415"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirsten T.","family":"Eriksen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Danish Cancer Society Research Center , ,","place":["Copenhagen, Denmark, DK-2100"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantina","family":"Dimakopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , , ,","place":["Athens, Greece, GR-11527"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timo","family":"Lanki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) , , ,","place":["Kuopio, Finland, FI-70701"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kees","family":"Meliefste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Utrecht University , , ,","place":["Utrecht, The Netherlands, 3508"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark J.","family":"Nieuwenhuijsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), 08003Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), 08003Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Epidemiolog i\u0301a y Salud Pu\u0301blica (CIBERESP), 08036Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tarja","family":"Yli-Tuomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) , , ,","place":["Kuopio, Finland, FI-70701"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ole","family":"Raaschou-Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Danish Cancer Society Research Center , ,","place":["Copenhagen, Denmark, DK-2100"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bert","family":"Brunekreef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Utrecht University , , ,","place":["Utrecht, The Netherlands, 3508"]},{"name":"University Medical Center Utrecht , , ,","place":["Utrecht, The Netherlands, 3508"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingeborg M.","family":"Kooter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TNO, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081502070900800_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11274-8","article-title":"Air pollution and health","volume":"360","author":"Brunekreef","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026081502070900800_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1080\/10473289.2006.10464485","article-title":"Health\neffects of fine particulate\nair pollution: lines that connect","volume":"56","author":"Pope","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Air Waste\nManag. Assoc."},{"key":"2026081502070900800_cit3","unstructured":"WHO Regional\nOffice for Europe\n          \n          Review of evidence\non health aspects of air pollution - REVIHAAP\nProject; Word Health Organization, Copenhagen, Denmark, 2013"},{"key":"2026081502070900800_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2011.07.023","article-title":"Attributing\nhealth\neffects to apportioned components and sources of particulate matter:\nAn evaluation of collective results","volume":"45","author":"Stanek","year":"2011","journal-title":"Atmos.\nEnviron."},{"key":"2026081502070900800_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2012.06.039","article-title":"Size, source and\nchemical composition as determinants\nof toxicity attributable to ambient particulate matter","volume":"60","author":"Kelly","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"2026081502070900800_cit6","first-page":"5","article-title":"National Particle\nComponent Toxicity (NPACT) initiative report on cardiovascular effects","volume":"178","author":"Vedal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Res. Rep. Health Eff. Inst."},{"key":"2026081502070900800_cit7","first-page":"5","article-title":"National\nParticle Component Toxicity (NPACT) Initiative: integrated epidemiologic\nand toxicologic studies of the health effects of particulate matter\ncomponents","volume":"177","author":"Lippmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Res. Rep. Health Eff. Inst."},{"key":"2026081502070900800_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19373","DOI":"10.1029\/96JD01175","article-title":"Carbonaceous particles\nin the atmosphere: A historical\nperspective to the Fifth International Conference on Carbonaceous\nParticles in the Atmosphere","volume":"101","author":"Penner","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res.:\nAtmos."},{"key":"2026081502070900800_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jea.7500262","article-title":"Comparison between different traffic-related particle\nindicators: elemental carbon (EC), PM2.5 mass, and absorbance","volume":"13","author":"Cyrys","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol."},{"key":"2026081502070900800_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2012.02.067","article-title":"The relationship between black carbon\nconcentration\nand black smoke: A more general approach","volume":"54","author":"Heal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atmos.\nEnviron."},{"key":"2026081502070900800_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5908","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2007.03.042","article-title":"On the\nvariability of Black Smoke\nand carbonaceous aerosols in the Netherlands","volume":"41","author":"Schaap","year":"2007","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"2026081502070900800_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2012.07.009","article-title":"Elemental carbon as\nan indicator for evaluating the impact of traffic measures on air\nquality and health","volume":"61","author":"Keuken","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"2026081502070900800_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1003369","article-title":"Black carbon as an additional indicator\nof the adverse health effects of airborne particles compared with\nPM10 and PM2.5","volume":"119","author":"Janssen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"2026081502070900800_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1104721","article-title":"The temporal\nlag structure of short-term\nassociations of fine particulate matter chemical constituents and\ncardiovascular and respiratory hospitalizations","volume":"120","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"2026081502070900800_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1104316","article-title":"Characterization\nof fine particulate matter and associations between particulate chemical\nconstituents and mortality in Seoul, Korea","volume":"120","author":"Son","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"2026081502070900800_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A242","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.119-3114832","article-title":"Assessing Long-Term Exposure in the California Teachers\nStudy","volume":"119","author":"Ostro","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"2026081502070900800_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2895","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2007.12.010","article-title":"Atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons:\nSource attribution, emission factors and regulation","volume":"42","author":"Ravindra","year":"2008","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"2026081502070900800_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/0048-9697(96)05189-3","article-title":"City air pollution\nof polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other mutagens: occurrence,\nsources and health effects","volume":"189\u2013190","author":"Nielsen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"2026081502070900800_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181f20e6c","article-title":"Associations of primary\nand secondary organic aerosols\nwith airway and systemic inflammation in an elderly panel cohort","volume":"21","author":"Delfino","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"2026081502070900800_cit20","first-page":"3","article-title":"Directive 2004\/107\/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council\nof 15 December 2004 relating to arsenic, cadmium, mercury, nickel\nand polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ambient air","volume":"23","author":"EUD\n(European Union Directive)","year":"2005","journal-title":"Off. J. Eur. Communities: Legis."},{"key":"2026081502070900800_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-9936(98)00040-5","article-title":"Organic\nmolecular tracers for particulate air pollution sources","volume":"17","author":"Cass","year":"1998","journal-title":"TrAC, Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"2026081502070900800_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.6976","article-title":"Relationship between\ncomposition and toxicity of motor vehicle emission samples","volume":"112","author":"McDonald","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"2026081502070900800_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2008.05.057","article-title":"A review of land-use regression models\nto assess spatial variation of outdoor air pollution","volume":"42","author":"Hoek","year":"2008","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"2026081502070900800_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2013.02.037","article-title":"Development of NO2 and\nNOx land use regression models for estimating air pollution exposure\nin 36 study areas in Europe \u2013 The ESCAPE project","volume":"72","author":"Beelen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"2026081502070900800_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11195","DOI":"10.1021\/es301948k","article-title":"Development of Land\nUse Regression models for PM(2.5), PM(2.5) absorbance, PM(10) and\nPM\u00ad(coarse) in 20 European study areas; results of the ESCAPE project","volume":"46","author":"Eeftens","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026081502070900800_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5778","DOI":"10.1021\/es400156t","article-title":"Development of Land\nUse Regression Models for Particle Composition in Twenty Study Areas\nin Europe","volume":"47","author":"de\nHoogh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026081502070900800_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2429","DOI":"10.1021\/es0614060","article-title":"A spatial\nmodel of urban winter woodsmoke concentrations","volume":"41","author":"Larson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026081502070900800_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2008.03.023","article-title":"Modeling\nspatial variability of airborne levoglucosan in Seattle, Washington","volume":"42","author":"Su","year":"2008","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"2026081502070900800_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1038\/jes.2012.26","article-title":"A spatiotemporal land-use regression\nmodel of winter fine particulate levels in residential neighbourhoods","volume":"22","author":"Smargiassi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Exposure Sci. Environ. Epidemiol."},{"key":"2026081502070900800_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2011.02.014","article-title":"A spatial-temporal\nregression model to predict daily outdoor residential PAH concentrations\nin an epidemiologic study in Fresno, CA","volume":"45","author":"Noth","year":"2011","journal-title":"Atmos.\nEnviron."},{"key":"2026081502070900800_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2012.08.038","article-title":"Spatial variation of PM2.5, PM10, PM2.5 absorbance\nand PMcoarse concentrations between and within 20 European study areas\nand the relationship with NO2 \u2013 Results of the ESCAPE project","volume":"62","author":"Eeftens","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"2026081502070900800_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62158-3","article-title":"Effects of long-term exposure to air pollution\non natural-cause mortality: an analysis of 22 European cohorts within\nthe multicentre ESCAPE project","volume":"383","author":"Beelen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026081502070900800_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2014.01.026","article-title":"Spatial\nvariations of PAH, hopanes\/steranes and EC\/OC\nconcentrations within and between European study areas","volume":"87","author":"Jedynska","year":"2014","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"2026081502070900800_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2012.07.080","article-title":"Variation of NO2 and\nNOx concentrations between and within 36 European study areas: Results\nfrom the ESCAPE study","volume":"62","author":"Cyrys","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"2026081502070900800_cit35","first-page":"2321","article-title":"Toward a standardised\nthermal-optical protocol for measuring atmospheric organic and elemental\ncarbon: the EUSAAR protocol","volume":"2","author":"Cavalli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Atmos. Meas. Technol.\nDiscuss."},{"key":"2026081502070900800_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1021\/es1023042","article-title":"Land use regression\nmodel for ultrafine particles in Amsterdam","volume":"45","author":"Hoek","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026081502070900800_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6281","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-8-6281-2008","article-title":"Sources of organic\ncarbon in fine particulate matter in northern European urban air","volume":"8","author":"Saarikoski","year":"2008","journal-title":"Atmos.Chem.Phys."},{"key":"2026081502070900800_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4672","DOI":"10.1021\/es803068e","article-title":"Mobile monitoring of particle light\nabsorption coefficient in an urban area as a basis for land use regression","volume":"43","author":"Larson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026081502070900800_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2012.01.064","article-title":"Effect of\nthe number of measurement sites on land use regression models in estimating\nlocal air pollution","volume":"54","author":"Basagan\u0303a","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"2026081502070900800_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4357","DOI":"10.1021\/es305129t","article-title":"Evaluation\nof land use regression models for NO2 and\nparticulate matter in 20 European study areas: the ESCAPE project","volume":"47","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026081502070900800_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.01.026","article-title":"Long-term exposure to\nelemental constituents of particulate matter and cardiovascular mortality\nin 19 European cohorts: Results from the ESCAPE and TRANSPHORM projects","volume":"66","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Int."}],"container-title":["Environmental Science &amp; Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/es502568z","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article-pdf\/48\/24\/14435\/7992904\/es502568z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article-pdf\/48\/24\/14435\/7992904\/es502568z.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T13:29:19Z","timestamp":1786800559000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article\/48\/24\/14435\/780933\/Development-of-Land-Use-Regression-Models-for"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,15]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"24","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,16]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/es502568z","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-936X","1520-5851"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-936X","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-5851","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,15]]}}}