{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T21:54:54Z","timestamp":1792533294966,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,27]],"date-time":"2015-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1424995200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/page\/policy\/authorchoice_termsofuse.html"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["265113"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["265113"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002338","name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NCET-13-0060"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NCET-13-0060"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002338","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The Minamata Convention was established to protect humans and the natural environment from the adverse effects of mercury emissions. A cogent assessment of mercury emissions is required to help implement the Minamata Convention. Here, we use an environmentally extended multi-regional input\u2013output model to calculate atmospheric mercury footprints of nations based on upstream production (meaning direct emissions from the production activities of a nation), downstream production (meaning both direct and indirect emissions caused by the production activities of a nation), and consumption (meaning both direct and indirect emissions caused by final consumption of goods and services in a nation). Results show that nations function differently within global supply chains. Developed nations usually have larger consumption-based emissions than up- and downstream production-based emissions. India, South Korea, and Taiwan have larger downstream production-based emissions than their upstream production- and consumption-based emissions. Developed nations (e.g., United States, Japan, and Germany) are in part responsible for mercury emissions of developing nations (e.g., China, India, and Indonesia). Our findings indicate that global mercury abatement should focus on multiple stages of global supply chains. We propose three initiatives for global mercury abatement, comprising the establishment of mercury control technologies of upstream producers, productivity improvement of downstream producers, and behavior optimization of final consumers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/es503977y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,27]],"date-time":"2015-02-27T06:14:56Z","timestamp":1425017696000},"page":"3566-3574","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":120,"title":["Atmospheric\nMercury Footprints of Nations"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Sai","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan , , , ,","place":["Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States, 48109-1041"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yafei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Normal University , , ,","place":["Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China, 100875"]},{"name":"Beijing Normal University , , ,","place":["Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China, 100875"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Cinnirella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Council of Italy (CNR) , , Via Savino , ,","place":["Rende, Italy, 87036"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Pirrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Council of Italy (CNR) , , Via Salaria km 29.300 , ,","place":["Rome, Italy, 00016"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"24","key":"2026090215471604600_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10485","DOI":"10.1021\/es202765m","article-title":"All-time releases\nof mercury to the atmosphere from\nhuman activities","volume":"45","author":"Streets","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090215471604600_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1579\/0044-7447(2007)36[3:MEAHEI]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Methylmercury\nexposure and health\neffects in humans: A worldwide concern","volume":"36","author":"Mergler","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ambio"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090215471604600_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1579\/0044-7447(2007)36[12:EOEMOT]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Effects of environmental\nmethylmercury on the health of wild birds, mammals, and fish","volume":"36","author":"Scheuhammer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ambio"},{"key":"2026090215471604600_cit4","unstructured":"United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).\n          \n          Minamata\nConvention on Mercury; UNEP: Geneva, Switzerland, 2013; http:\/\/www.mercuryconvention.org (accessed Jan 20, 2015)."},{"issue":"17","key":"2026090215471604600_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2981","DOI":"10.1016\/1352-2310(95)00498-X","article-title":"Regional differences in worldwide\nemissions of mercury to the atmosphere","volume":"30","author":"Pirrone","year":"1996","journal-title":"Atmos.\nEnviron."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026090215471604600_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4779","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-11-4779-2011","article-title":"Worldwide trend of\natmospheric mercury since 1995","volume":"11","author":"Slemr","year":"2011","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem.\nPhys."},{"issue":"1\u20134","key":"2026090215471604600_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1015502430561","article-title":"Global emission of mercury from anthropogenic sources\nin 1995","volume":"137","author":"Pacyna","year":"2002","journal-title":"Water, Air, Soil Pollut."},{"key":"2026090215471604600_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S109","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-2310(03)00239-5","article-title":"Mapping 1995 global\nanthropogenic emissions of mercury","volume":"37","author":"Pacyna","year":"2003","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"24","key":"2026090215471604600_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2006.03.042","article-title":"Mapping the spatial\ndistribution of global anthropogenic mercury atmospheric emission\ninventories","volume":"40","author":"Wilson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"22","key":"2026090215471604600_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4048","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2006.03.041","article-title":"Global anthropogenic\nmercury emission inventory for 2000","volume":"40","author":"Pacyna","year":"2006","journal-title":"Atmos.\nEnviron."},{"key":"2026090215471604600_cit11","unstructured":"Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP).\n          \n          Updating Historical\nGlobal Inventories of Anthropogenic Mercury Emissions\nto Air; AMAP: Oslo, Norway, 2010; Technical Report\n3."},{"key":"2026090215471604600_cit12","unstructured":"Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP)\/United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Chemicals Branch.\n          \n          Technical\nBackground Report to the Global Atmospheric Mercury Assessment; AMAP\/UNEP Chemicals Branch: Oslo, Norway, and Geneva, Switzerland, 2008."},{"issue":"20","key":"2026090215471604600_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2009.06.009","article-title":"Global emission of\nmercury to the atmosphere from anthropogenic sources in 2005 and projections\nto 2020","volume":"44","author":"Pacyna","year":"2010","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"13","key":"2026090215471604600_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5951","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-10-5951-2010","article-title":"Global mercury emissions\nto the atmosphere from anthropogenic and natural sources","volume":"10","author":"Pirrone","year":"2010","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"2026090215471604600_cit15","unstructured":"Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP)\/United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Chemicals Branch.\n          \n          Technical\nBackground Report for the Global Mercury Assessment 2013; AMAP\/UNEP Chemicals Branch: Oslo,\nNorway, and Geneva, Switzerland, 2013."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026090215471604600_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1727","DOI":"10.1021\/es404110f","article-title":"Global mercury emissions from combustion\nin light of international fuel trading","volume":"48","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ.\nSci. Technol."},{"issue":"13","key":"2026090215471604600_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7660","DOI":"10.1021\/es501208a","article-title":"Mercury stable isotope signatures of world coal deposits\nand historical coal combustion emissions","volume":"48","author":"Sun","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ.\nSci. Technol."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026090215471604600_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3507","DOI":"10.1021\/es802703g","article-title":"Initial estimates of\nmercury emissions to the atmosphere from global biomass burning","volume":"43","author":"Friedli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"2026090215471604600_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018372505344","article-title":"Global\nmercury emissions from gold and silver mining","volume":"97","author":"Lacerda","year":"1997","journal-title":"Water, Air, Soil Pollut."},{"key":"2026090215471604600_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2012.12.011","article-title":"Contribution\nof contaminated sites to the global mercury budget","volume":"125","author":"Kocman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090215471604600_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolecon.2007.10.014","article-title":"From production-based\nto consumption-based national emission inventories","volume":"65","author":"Peters","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ecol. Econ."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026090215471604600_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5687","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0906974107","article-title":"Consumption-based accounting of CO2 emissions","volume":"107","author":"Davis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026090215471604600_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolecon.2009.08.026","article-title":"A review of\nrecent multi-region input\u2013output models used for consumption-based\nemission and resource accounting","volume":"69","author":"Wiedmann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ecol. Econ."},{"key":"2026090215471604600_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511626982","volume-title":"Input\u2013Output\nAnalysis: Foundations and Extensions","author":"Miller","year":"2009"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090215471604600_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1080\/09535314.2012.761180","article-title":"The construction of\nworld input\u2013output tables in the WIOD project","volume":"25","author":"Dietzenbacher","year":"2013","journal-title":"Econ. Syst. Res."},{"key":"2026090215471604600_cit26","unstructured":"International Energy Agency (IEA).\n          \n          Energy Balance\nFlows; IEA: Paris, France, 2014; http:\/\/www.iea.org\/statistics."},{"key":"2026090215471604600_cit27","unstructured":"Artisanal Gold Council (AGC).\n          \n          Mercury Watch: Charting\nthe Improvement of Artisanal Small-Scale Gold Mining; AGC: Victoria, British Columbia,\nCanada, 2015; http:\/\/mercurywatch.org."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026090215471604600_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2983","DOI":"10.1021\/es802474j","article-title":"Projections of global\nmercury emissions\nin 2050","volume":"43","author":"Streets","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. 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Prot."}],"container-title":["Environmental Science &amp; Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/es503977y","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article-pdf\/49\/6\/3566\/7957267\/es503977y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article-pdf\/49\/6\/3566\/7957267\/es503977y.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T19:47:29Z","timestamp":1788378449000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article\/49\/6\/3566\/778860\/Atmospheric-Mercury-Footprints-of-Nations"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,27]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,17]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/es503977y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-936X","1520-5851"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-936X","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-5851","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,27]]}}}