{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T14:26:47Z","timestamp":1786804007986,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,17]],"date-time":"2014-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1416182400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,17]],"date-time":"2014-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1416182400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,17]],"date-time":"2014-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1416182400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000923","name":"Australian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Australian Department of Resource, Energy and Tourism"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study investigates, for the first time, the NOx, N2O, SO3, and Hg emissions from combustion of a Victorian brown coal in a 10 kWth fluidized bed unit under oxy-fuel combustion conditions. Compared to air combustion, lower NOx emissions and higher N2O formation were observed in the oxy-fuel atmosphere. These NOx reduction and N2O formations were further enhanced with steam in the combustion environment. The NOx concentration level in the flue gas was within the permissible limit in coal-fired power plants in Victoria. Therefore, an additional NOx removal system will not be required using this coal. In contrast, both SO3 and gaseous mercury concentrations were considerably higher under oxy-fuel combustion compared to that in the air combustion. Around 83% of total gaseous mercury released was Hg0, with the rest emitted as Hg2+. Therefore, to control harmful Hg0, a mercury removal system may need to be considered to avoid corrosion in the boiler and CO2 separation units during the oxy-fuel fluidized-bed combustion using this coal.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/es504667r","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,17]],"date-time":"2014-11-17T17:37:10Z","timestamp":1416245830000},"page":"14844-14850","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Nitrogen\nOxides, Sulfur Trioxide, and Mercury Emissions\nduring Oxy-fuel Fluidized Bed Combustion of Victorian Brown Coal"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Bithi","family":"Roy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash University , , P.O. Box 36, Clayton Campus , , ,","place":["Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 3800"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luguang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash University , , P.O. Box 36, Clayton Campus , , ,","place":["Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 3800"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sankar","family":"Bhattacharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash University , , P.O. Box 36, Clayton Campus , , ,","place":["Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 3800"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081502073790300_cit1","volume-title":"A Scoping Study on Oxy-CFB Technology\nAs an Alternative Carbon Capture Option for Australian Black and Brown\nCoals","author":"Wall","year":"2012"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026081502073790300_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1021\/ef901076g","article-title":"Emissions of SO2 and NOx during oxy-fuel CFB combustion tests in\na mini-circulating\nfluidized bed combustion reactor","volume":"24","author":"Jia","year":"2010","journal-title":"Energy Fuel."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026081502073790300_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2010.09.031","article-title":"Effects of\noperation parameters on NO emission in an oxy-fired CFB combustor","volume":"92","author":"Duan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fuel Process. Technol."},{"key":"2026081502073790300_cit4","first-page":"43","article-title":"Formation and\nreduction of pollutants in CFBC: From heavy metals, particulates,\nalkali, NOx, N2O, SOX, HCl","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 20th International\nConference on Fluidized Bed Combustion","author":"Winter","year":"2010"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026081502073790300_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7619","DOI":"10.1021\/ef4019228","article-title":"NO emissions from anthracite oxy-firing\nin a fluidized-bed combustor: Effect of the temperature, limestone,\nand O2","volume":"27","author":"Lupia\u0301n\u0303ez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Energy Fuel"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081502073790300_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2011.06.054","article-title":"Effects\nof steam on the sulfation of limestone and NOx formation in an air- and oxy-fired pilot-scale circulating\nfluidized bed combustor","volume":"92","author":"Stewart","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081502073790300_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1021\/ef970075x","article-title":"NOx and N2O emission in bubbling\nfluidized-bed coal combustion with oxygen and recycled flue gas: Macroscopic\ncharacteristics of their formation and reduction","volume":"12","author":"Hosoda","year":"1998","journal-title":"Energy Fuel."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026081502073790300_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2005.12.003","article-title":"Fuel conversion from oxy-fuel combustion\nin a circulating fluidized bed","volume":"87","author":"Czakiert","year":"2006","journal-title":"Fuel Process.\nTechnol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026081502073790300_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijggc.2011.01.007","article-title":"O2\/CO2 coal combustion characteristics in a 50 kWth circulating\nfluidized bed","volume":"5","author":"Duan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Greenhouse\nGas Control"},{"issue":"14","key":"2026081502073790300_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8505","DOI":"10.1021\/ie2005274","article-title":"SO3 formation\nunder oxyfuel combustion conditions","volume":"50","author":"Fleig","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ind. Eng.\nChem. Res."},{"issue":"Supplement 1 (0","key":"2026081502073790300_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijggc.2011.05.017","article-title":"Study of Hg and SO3 behavior in flue gas of oxy-fuel combustion system","volume":"5","author":"Mitsui","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. 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Inst."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026081502073790300_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2357","DOI":"10.1021\/ef060178s","article-title":"Submicrometer\nparticle formation and mercury speciation under O2\u2013CO2 coal combustion","volume":"20","author":"Suriyawong","year":"2006","journal-title":"Energy Fuel."},{"issue":"0","key":"2026081502073790300_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2011.12.017","article-title":"Fate and abatement of mercury and other trace elements\nin a coal fluidised bed oxy combustion pilot plant","volume":"95","author":"Font","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"issue":"0","key":"2026081502073790300_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2012.09.080","article-title":"Prediction of distribution of trace\nelements under oxy-fuel combustion condition using Victorian brown\ncoals","volume":"114","author":"Roy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081502073790300_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1021\/ef4014604","article-title":"Mercury emissions\nand removal by ash in coal-fired oxy-fuel combustion","volume":"28","author":"Spo\u0308rl","year":"2013","journal-title":"Energy Fuel."},{"issue":"0","key":"2026081502073790300_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2013.02.019","article-title":"Oxy-fuel fluidized bed combustion using Victorian brown\ncoal: An experimental investigation","volume":"117","author":"Roy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fuel Process.\nTechnol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026081502073790300_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pecs.2011.09.003","article-title":"Oxy-fuel combustion of pulverized\ncoal: Characterization, fundamentals, stabilization and CFD modeling","volume":"38","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prog. 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Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026081502073790300_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2421","DOI":"10.1021\/es950935t","article-title":"Mercury\nspeciation in coal combustion and gasification\nflue gases","volume":"30","author":"Galbreath","year":"1996","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026081502073790300_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2008.11.028","article-title":"The effect\nof chlorine and oxygen concentrations on the removal of mercury at\nan FGD-batch reactor","volume":"88","author":"Acun\u0303a-Caro","year":"2009","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"2026081502073790300_cit38","first-page":"256","article-title":"Comparison\nof mercury emissions between circulating fluidized bed boiler and\npulverized coal boiler","volume-title":"Proceedings of\nthe 20th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion","author":"Wang","year":"2010"}],"container-title":["Environmental Science &amp; Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/es504667r","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article-pdf\/48\/24\/14844\/7988796\/es504667r.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article-pdf\/48\/24\/14844\/7988796\/es504667r.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T13:31:35Z","timestamp":1786800695000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/esthag\/article\/48\/24\/14844\/780565\/Nitrogen-Oxides-Sulfur-Trioxide-and-Mercury"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,17]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"24","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,16]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/es504667r","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-936X","1520-5851"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-936X","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-5851","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,17]]}}}