{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T03:59:55Z","timestamp":1790999995844,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":121,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,16]],"date-time":"2020-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586995200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/page\/policy\/authorchoice_ccby_termsofuse.html"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010665","name":"H2020 Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["841136"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["841136"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000288","name":"Royal Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UF150033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UF150033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000288","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["200020_178860"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["200020_178860"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001870","name":"Fundacja na rzecz Nauki Polskiej","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POIR.04.04.00-00- 5EE7\/18-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POIR.04.04.00-00- 5EE7\/18-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001870","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004794","name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IR-RMN-THC Fr3050 CNRS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IR-RMN-THC Fr3050 CNRS"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004794","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009481","name":"Tata Sons","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UF150033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UF150033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009481","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Organic\u2013inorganic tin(II) halide perovskites have emerged as promising alternatives to lead halide perovskites in optoelectronic applications. While they suffer from considerably poorer performance and stability in comparison to their lead analogues, their performance improvements have so far largely been driven by trial and error efforts due to a critical lack of methods to probe their atomic-level microstructure. Here, we identify the challenges and devise a 119Sn solid-state NMR protocol for the determination of the local structure of mixed-cation and mixed-halide tin(II) halide perovskites as well as their degradation products and related phases. We establish that the longitudinal relaxation of 119Sn can span 6 orders of magnitude in this class of compounds, which makes judicious choice of experimental NMR parameters essential for the reliable detection of various phases. We show that Cl\/Br and I\/Br mixed-halide perovskites form solid alloys in any ratio, while only limited mixing is possible for I\/Cl compositions. We elucidate the degradation pathways of Cs-, MA-, and FA-based tin(II) halides and show that degradation leads to highly disordered, qualitatively similar products, regardless of the A-site cation and halide. We detect the presence of metallic tin among the degradation products, which we suggest could contribute to the previously reported high conductivities in tin(II) halide perovskites. 119Sn NMR chemical shifts are a sensitive probe of the halide coordination environment as well as of the A-site cation composition. Finally, we use variable-temperature multifield relaxation measurements to quantify ion dynamics in MASnBr3 and establish activation energies for motion and show that this motion leads to spontaneous halide homogenization at room temperature whenever two different pure-halide perovskites are put in physical contact.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.0c00647","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,3]],"date-time":"2020-04-03T10:46:26Z","timestamp":1585910786000},"page":"7813-7826","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":118,"title":["Local\nStructure and Dynamics in Methylammonium, Formamidinium,\nand Cesium Tin(II) Mixed-Halide Perovskites from 119Sn\nSolid-State NMR"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"142","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9231-6779","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dominik J.","family":"Kubicki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cambridge , , JJ Thomson Avenue , ,","place":["Cambridge, U.K."]},{"name":"University of Cambridge , , Lensfield Road , ,","place":["Cambridge, U.K."]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5003-5637","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Daniel","family":"Prochowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polish Academy of Sciences , , Kasprzaka 44\/52 , ,","place":["Warsaw, Poland, 01-224"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5443-9698","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Elodie","family":"Salager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universite\u0301 d\u2019Orle\u0301ans , , 1D Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique , ,","place":["Orle\u0301ans, France, 45071"]},{"name":"Re\u0301seau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l\u2019Energie (RS2E) , , 33 Rue Saint Leu , ,","place":["Amiens, France, 80039"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7328-5081","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Aydar","family":"Rakhmatullin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universite\u0301 d\u2019Orle\u0301ans , , 1D Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique , ,","place":["Orle\u0301ans, France, 45071"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5572-192X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Clare P.","family":"Grey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cambridge , , Lensfield Road , ,","place":["Cambridge, U.K."]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1360-2572","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lyndon","family":"Emsley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecole Polytechnique Fe\u0301de\u0301rale de Lausanne (EPFL) , , ,","place":["Lausanne, Switzerland, CH-1015"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8303-7292","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Samuel D.","family":"Stranks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cambridge , , JJ Thomson Avenue , ,","place":["Cambridge, U.K."]},{"name":"University of Cambridge , , Philippa Fawcett Drive , ,","place":["Cambridge, U.K."]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090217435391800_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16099","DOI":"10.1038\/natrevmats.2016.99","article-title":"Chemically\nDiverse and Multifunctional Hybrid Organic\u2013Inorganic\nPerovskites","volume":"2","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mater."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026090217435391800_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3036","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.8b00539","article-title":"Halide Perovskite\nPhotovoltaics:\nBackground, Status, and Future Prospects","volume":"119","author":"Jena","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem.\nRev."},{"key":"2026090217435391800_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6050","DOI":"10.1021\/ja809598r","article-title":"Organometal\nHalide\nPerovskites as Visible-Light Sensitizers for Photovoltaic Cells","volume":"131","author":"Kojima","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"6345","key":"2026090217435391800_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aan2301","article-title":"Iodide Management in Formamidinium-Lead-Halide\u2013Based\nPerovskite Layers for Efficient Solar Cells","volume":"356","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026090217435391800_cit5","unstructured":"Https:\/\/Www.Nrel.Gov\/Pv\/Cell-Efficiency.Html."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090217435391800_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1038\/s41560-017-0060-5","article-title":"Systematic Investigation of the Impact\nof Operation Conditions on\nthe Degradation Behaviour of Perovskite Solar Cells","volume":"3","author":"Domanski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Energy"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026090217435391800_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1038\/s41560-019-0400-8","article-title":"Performance of Perovskite\nSolar Cells under Simulated Temperature-Illumination Real-World Operating\nConditions","volume":"4","author":"Tress","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Energy"},{"issue":"16","key":"2026090217435391800_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1605005","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201605005","article-title":"Lead-Free\nOrganic\u2013Inorganic Hybrid Perovskites\nfor Photovoltaic Applications: Recent Advances and Perspectives","volume":"29","author":"Shi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"issue":"20","key":"2026090217435391800_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1500963","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.201500963","article-title":"Stability of Metal Halide Perovskite\nSolar Cells","volume":"5","author":"Leijtens","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Energy Mater."},{"issue":"6240","key":"2026090217435391800_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaa9272","article-title":"High-Performance\nPhotovoltaic Perovskite Layers Fabricated\nthrough Intramolecular Exchange","volume":"348","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026090217435391800_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1038\/nature25989","article-title":"Maximizing and Stabilizing\nLuminescence from Halide Perovskites with Potassium Passivation","volume":"555","author":"Abdi-Jalebi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026090217435391800_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3974","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.6b00142","article-title":"Fabrication\nof Efficient\nFormamidinium Tin Iodide Perovskite Solar Cells through SnF2\u2013Pyrazine\nComplex","volume":"138","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026090217435391800_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.6b10734","article-title":"Importance\nof Reducing Vapor Atmosphere in the Fabrication of Tin-Based Perovskite\nSolar Cells","volume":"139","author":"Song","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"43","key":"2026090217435391800_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21389","DOI":"10.1039\/C8TA07699E","article-title":"Hydrazinium-Assisted\nStabilisation of Methylammonium Tin Iodide for Lead-Free Perovskite\nSolar Cells","volume":"6","author":"Tsarev","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"issue":"20","key":"2026090217435391800_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6760","DOI":"10.1002\/ange.201902418","article-title":"A Cation-Exchange Approach for the Fabrication\nof Efficient\nMethylammonium Tin Iodide Perovskite Solar Cells","volume":"131","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Angew. Chem."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026090217435391800_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1800136","DOI":"10.1002\/solr.201800136","article-title":"Improving Performance\nof Lead-Free Formamidinium Tin Triiodide Perovskite\nSolar Cells by Tin Source Purification","volume":"2","author":"Gu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sol.\nRRL"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026090217435391800_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1002\/ange.201811539","article-title":"Antioxidant\nGrain Passivation for Air-Stable Tin-Based Perovskite Solar Cells","volume":"131","author":"Tai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Angew. Chem."},{"key":"2026090217435391800_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2017.02.040","article-title":"Ascorbic\nAcid as an Effective Antioxidant\nAdditive to Enhance the Efficiency and Stability of Pb\/Sn-Based Binary\nPerovskite Solar Cells","volume":"34","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"2026090217435391800_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1700204","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.201700204","article-title":"Mixed-Organic-Cation\nTin Iodide for Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cells with an Efficiency\nof 8.12","volume":"4","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Sci. Weinh. Baden-Wurtt. Ger."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026090217435391800_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1804835","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201804835","article-title":"Robust\nTin-Based Perovskite Solar Cells with Hybrid Organic Cations to Attain\nEfficiency Approaching 10%","volume":"31","author":"Jokar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026090217435391800_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1021\/acsaem.8b00007","article-title":"Enhanced Performance of Germanium\nHalide Perovskite Solar Cells through Compositional Engineering","volume":"1","author":"Kopacic","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Energy Mater."},{"issue":"40","key":"2026090217435391800_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13405","DOI":"10.1002\/ange.201808385","article-title":"Lead-Free\nSolar Cells Based on Tin Halide Perovskite\nFilms with High Coverage and Improved Aggregation","volume":"130","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Angew. Chem."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026090217435391800_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1702019","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.201702019","article-title":"Highly Reproducible Sn-Based Hybrid\nPerovskite Solar Cells with 9% Efficiency","volume":"8","author":"Shao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv.\nEnergy Mater."},{"issue":"6156","key":"2026090217435391800_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1243982","article-title":"Electron-Hole\nDiffusion Lengths Exceeding 1 Micrometer in an Organometal Trihalide\nPerovskite Absorber","volume":"342","author":"Stranks","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026090217435391800_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2464","DOI":"10.1039\/C5EE01179E","article-title":"Abnormal Crystal Growth\nin CH3NH3PbI3\u2013xClx Using a Multi-Cycle\nSolution Coating Process","volume":"8","author":"Dong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"issue":"15","key":"2026090217435391800_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5028","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5b13254","article-title":"Deciphering Halogen\nCompetition in\nOrganometallic Halide Perovskite Growth","volume":"138","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J.\nAm. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"26","key":"2026090217435391800_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1700749","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201700749","article-title":"Enhancing\nIon Migration in Grain Boundaries\nof Hybrid Organic\u2013Inorganic Perovskites by Chlorine","volume":"27","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"2026090217435391800_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16178","DOI":"10.1038\/nenergy.2016.178","article-title":"Enhanced Stability\nand Efficiency in Hole-Transport-Layer-Free CsSnI3 Perovskite Photovoltaics","volume":"1","author":"Marshall","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Energy"},{"issue":"21","key":"2026090217435391800_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11631","DOI":"10.1039\/C5TA02950C","article-title":"Tin Perovskite\/Fullerene\nPlanar Layer\nPhotovoltaics: Improving the Efficiency and Stability of Lead-Free\nDevices","volume":"3","author":"Marshall","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"issue":"6314","key":"2026090217435391800_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf9717","article-title":"Perovskite-Perovskite\nTandem Photovoltaics with Optimized Band Gaps","volume":"354","author":"Eperon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"32","key":"2026090217435391800_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11117","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.7b04981","article-title":"Band Gap Tuning\nvia Lattice Contraction and Octahedral Tilting in Perovskite Materials\nfor Photovoltaics","volume":"139","author":"Prasanna","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026090217435391800_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1604744","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201604744","article-title":"High Open-Circuit Voltages in Tin-Rich Low-Bandgap\nPerovskite-Based Planar Heterojunction Photovoltaics","volume":"29","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"issue":"34","key":"2026090217435391800_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1702140","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201702140","article-title":"Highly Efficient Perovskite\u2013Perovskite\nTandem Solar Cells Reaching 80% of the Theoretical Limit in Photovoltage","volume":"29","author":"Rajagopal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026090217435391800_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2450","DOI":"10.1039\/C8SE00314A","article-title":"Tin\u2013Lead Halide Perovskites with Improved Thermal\nand Air Stability for Efficient All-Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells","volume":"2","author":"Leijtens","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sustain. Energy Fuels"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026090217435391800_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3061","DOI":"10.1039\/C4EE01076K","article-title":"Lead-Free\nOrganic-Inorganic Tin Halide Perovskites for Photovoltaic Applications","volume":"7","author":"Noel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026090217435391800_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2014.82","article-title":"Lead-Free\nSolid-State Organic-Inorganic Halide Perovskite Solar Cells","volume":"8","author":"Hao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Photonics"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026090217435391800_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3418","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.8b00336","article-title":"Understanding Degradation\nMechanisms and Improving Stability of Perovskite Photovoltaics","volume":"119","author":"Boyd","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"2026090217435391800_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssnmr.2019.03.005","article-title":"Solid\u2013State\nNMR of Hybrid\nHalide Perovskites","volume":"100","author":"Franssen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Solid State Nucl. Magn.\nReson."},{"issue":"29","key":"2026090217435391800_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10055","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.7b04930","article-title":"Cation Dynamics in\nMixed-Cation (MA)x(FA)1\u2013XPbI3 Hybrid Perovskites from Solid-State\nNMR","volume":"139","author":"Kubicki","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"40","key":"2026090217435391800_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14173","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.7b07223","article-title":"Phase Segregation in Cs-, Rb- and\nK-Doped Mixed-Cation (MA)x(FA)1\u2013XPbI3 Hybrid Perovskites from\nSolid-State NMR","volume":"139","author":"Kubicki","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026090217435391800_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3345","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.7b12860","article-title":"Formation of Stable Mixed Guanidinium\u2013Methylammonium\nPhases with Exceptionally Long Carrier Lifetimes for High-Efficiency\nLead Iodide-Based Perovskite Photovoltaics","volume":"140","author":"Kubicki","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"23","key":"2026090217435391800_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7232","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.8b03191","article-title":"Phase Segregation in Potassium-Doped\nLead Halide Perovskites from 39K Solid-State NMR at 21.1 T","volume":"140","author":"Kubicki","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"2026090217435391800_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2326","DOI":"10.1039\/C8TA11457A","article-title":"Doping and Phase Segregation\nin Mn2+- and Co2+-Doped\nLead Halide Perovskites from 133Cs and 1H NMR Relaxation Enhancement","volume":"7","author":"Kubicki","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090217435391800_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joule.2018.10.008","article-title":"Europium-Doped CsPbI2Br for Stable and Highly Efficient\nInorganic Perovskite Solar Cells","volume":"3","author":"Xiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Joule"},{"issue":"22","key":"2026090217435391800_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3107","DOI":"10.1002\/cphc.201800732","article-title":"Dimethylammonium Incorporation in\nLead Acetate Based MAPbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells","volume":"19","author":"Franssen","year":"2018","journal-title":"ChemPhysChem"},{"key":"2026090217435391800_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6848","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.6b01874","article-title":"Persistent\nDopants and Phase Segregation in Organolead Mixed-Halide Perovskites","volume":"28","author":"Rosales","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"2026090217435391800_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2309","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.7b05209","article-title":"Mechanochemical\nSynthesis of Methylammonium Lead Mixed\u2013Halide Perovskites:\nUnraveling the Solid-Solution Behavior Using Solid-State NMR","volume":"30","author":"Karmakar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"2026090217435391800_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2671","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpclett.8b01084","article-title":"Composition-Tunable Formamidinium\nLead Mixed Halide\nPerovskites via Solvent-Free Mechanochemical Synthesis: Decoding the\nPb Environments Using Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy","volume":"9","author":"Askar","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. 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