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To meet this need, an iterative synthesis of \u03b1-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) oligomers was used to create a library of homologous rigid-rod 310-helical foldamers, which have incrementally increasing lengths and functionalizable N- and C-termini. This library was used to probe the inter-relationship of foldamer length, self-association strength, and ionophoric ability, which is poorly understood. Although foldamer self-association in nonpolar chloroform increased with length, with a \u223c14-fold increase in dimerization constant from Aib6 to Aib11, ionophoric activity in bilayers showed a stronger length dependence, with the observed rate constant for Aib11 \u223c70-fold greater than that of Aib6. The strongest ionophoric activity was observed for foldamers with &amp;gt;10 Aib residues, which have end-to-end distances greater than the hydrophobic width of the bilayers used (\u223c2.8 nm); X-ray crystallography showed that Aib11 is 2.93 nm long. These studies suggest that being long enough to span the membrane is more important for good ionophoric activity than strong self-association in the bilayer. Planar bilayer conductance measurements showed that Aib11 and Aib13, but not Aib7, could form pores. This pore-forming behavior is strong evidence that Aibm (m \u2265 10) building blocks can span bilayers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5b12057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,23]],"date-time":"2015-12-23T13:40:20Z","timestamp":1450878020000},"page":"688-695","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"title":["Length-Dependent\nFormation of Transmembrane Pores\nby 310-Helical \u03b1-Aminoisobutyric Acid Foldamers"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"138","author":[{"given":"Jennifer E.","family":"Jones","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Manchester , , Oxford Road , ,","place":["Manchester, United Kingdom, M13 9PL"]},{"name":"University of Manchester , , 131 Princess St , ,","place":["Manchester, United Kingdom, M1 7DN"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Diemer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Manchester , , Oxford Road , ,","place":["Manchester, United Kingdom, M13 9PL"]},{"name":"University of Manchester , , 131 Princess St , ,","place":["Manchester, United Kingdom, M1 7DN"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Adam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Manchester , , Oxford Road , ,","place":["Manchester, United Kingdom, M13 9PL"]},{"name":"University of Bristol , , Cantock\u2019s Close , ,","place":["Bristol, United Kingdom, BS8 1TS"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Raftery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Manchester , , Oxford Road , ,","place":["Manchester, United Kingdom, M13 9PL"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca E.","family":"Ruscoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Manchester , , Oxford Road , ,","place":["Manchester, United Kingdom, M13 9PL"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason T.","family":"Sengel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oxford , , 12 Mansfield Road , ,","place":["Oxford, United Kingdom, OX1 3TA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark I.","family":"Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oxford , , 12 Mansfield Road , ,","place":["Oxford, United Kingdom, OX1 3TA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoine","family":"Bader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Edinburgh , , Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road , ,","place":["Edinburgh, United Kingdom, EH9 3FJ"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott L.","family":"Cockroft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Edinburgh , , Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road , ,","place":["Edinburgh, United Kingdom, EH9 3FJ"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Clayden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Manchester , , Oxford Road , ,","place":["Manchester, United Kingdom, M13 9PL"]},{"name":"University of Bristol , , Cantock\u2019s Close , ,","place":["Bristol, United Kingdom, BS8 1TS"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon J.","family":"Webb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Manchester , , Oxford Road , ,","place":["Manchester, United Kingdom, M13 9PL"]},{"name":"University of Manchester , , 131 Princess St , ,","place":["Manchester, United Kingdom, M1 7DN"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090108204726500_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1038\/nchem.1568","volume":"5","author":"Azzarito","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. 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