{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T03:05:49Z","timestamp":1793502349179,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22305013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22305013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52473164"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52473164"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U21A20101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U21A20101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["buctrc 202144"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["buctrc 202144"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The design of interlayer materials featuring precisely matched electronic properties with the active layer materials and robust thickness tolerance is crucial for advancing organic solar cell (OSC) performance and commercialization. Zwitterionic polymers have been investigated extensively as interlayer materials in organic electronics. However, sulfobetaine (SB) has been the most widely adopted zwitterionic chains, while other cation\u2013anion combinations remain largely unexplored, and the contribution of the anionic groups in zwitterions is still a mystery. Here, we explored a bioinspired zwitterionic interlayer material, engineered through the synergistic integration of fluorinated phosphatidylcholine-based polar side chains and an acceptor\u2013acceptor (A1\u2013A2) conjugated backbone. Such a synchronous side chain\/backbone \u201csurgery\u201d simultaneously achieves deep frontier molecular orbital energy levels aligned with state-of-the-art electron acceptors, suppressed parasitic absorption, highly ordered molecular packing, and reduced hydrophilicity. The resulting interlayer material, PDITz-PC, demonstrates strong work function modification, superior electrical properties, and excellent interfacial contact. In OSCs, PDITz-PC enables impressive power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) for both small area (0.04 cm2) and large area (0.6 cm2) devices across various active layer systems, accompanied by significantly improved operational device stability, attributed to enhanced exciton dissociation, improved charge transport, and suppressed charge recombination. Notably, PDITz-PC exhibits good thickness tolerance, solar cells retaining 92% of the peak PCE even at an interlayer thickness of 115 nm. This work highlights the critical need to synchronize interlayer design with advancements in active-layer materials via the harmonized engineering of side chains and backbones, offering a strategic route to achieving high-performance, durable, and scalable organic photovoltaics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.6c00049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T17:39:27Z","timestamp":1780335567000},"page":"23654-23665","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Zwitterionic Bioinspired\nAcceptor\u2013Acceptor\n(A1\u2013A2) Type Interlayers for Organic\nSolar Cells"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"148","author":[{"given":"Wentian","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing University of Chemical Technology , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100029"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junjie","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing University of Chemical Technology , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100029"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongkang","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing University of Chemical Technology , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100029"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lulu","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin University of Science & Technology , , ,","place":["Tianjin, P. R. China, 300457"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huixiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing University of Chemical Technology , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100029"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziyang","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100049"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4611-0286","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100049"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huayi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing University of Chemical Technology , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100029"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing University of Chemical Technology , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100029"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zuhao","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing University of Chemical Technology , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100029"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yihe","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing University of Chemical Technology , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100029"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianhao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing University of Chemical Technology , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100029"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nade","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing University of Chemical Technology , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100029"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1647-9162","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wenxu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing University of Chemical Technology , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100029"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6022-6106","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing University of Chemical Technology , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100029"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026073023095228100_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat5063","article-title":"Organic solar cells\nbased on non-fullerene acceptors","volume":"17","author":"Hou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"2026073023095228100_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1038\/s41570-022-00409-2","article-title":"The principles, design\nand applications of fused-ring electron acceptors","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Chem."},{"key":"2026073023095228100_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2350","DOI":"10.1039\/D3CS00492A","article-title":"Stability\nof organic\nsolar cells: toward commercial applications","volume":"53","author":"Ding","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"2026073023095228100_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1554","DOI":"10.1021\/acsenergylett.0c00537","article-title":"New Phase for Organic\nSolar Cell Research: Emergence of Y-Series Electron Acceptors and\nTheir Perspectives","volume":"5","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Energy Lett."},{"key":"2026073023095228100_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14180","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.1c00955","article-title":"Renewed\nProspects\nfor Organic Photovoltaics","volume":"122","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"2026073023095228100_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201404317","article-title":"An Electron Acceptor\nChallenging Fullerenes for Efficient\nPolymer Solar Cells","volume":"27","author":"Lin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"2026073023095228100_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adp9709","article-title":"Mechanically robust and stretchable\norganic solar cells plasticized by small-molecule acceptors","volume":"387","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026073023095228100_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-025-02305-8","article-title":"Organic solar\ncells with 21% efficiency enabled by a hybrid interfacial layer with\ndual-component synergy","volume":"24","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"2026073023095228100_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-024-02062-0","article-title":"Organic solar cells with 20.82% efficiency\nand high\ntolerance of active layer thickness through crystallization sequence\nmanipulation","volume":"24","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"2026073023095228100_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1038\/s41560-024-01557-z","article-title":"Non-fullerene acceptor\nwith asymmetric structure and phenyl-substituted alkyl side chain\nfor 20.2% efficiency organic solar cells","volume":"9","author":"Jiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat.\nEnergy"},{"key":"2026073023095228100_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1784","DOI":"10.1039\/C7EE00601B","article-title":"Interface\ndesign for high-efficiency non-fullerene polymer solar cells","volume":"10","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"2026073023095228100_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3894","DOI":"10.1007\/s40843-025-3594-2","article-title":"Recent progress of bay-functionalization perylene diimide\nacceptors and cathode interface layers in organic solar cells","volume":"68","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. China Mater."},{"key":"2026073023095228100_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5253","DOI":"10.1039\/D4CC06507G","article-title":"Interfacial modification in organic\nsolar cells","volume":"61","author":"You","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem. Commun"},{"key":"2026073023095228100_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1002\/cplu.202000082","article-title":"Fullerene-Based\nInterlayers for Breaking Energy Barriers\nin Organic Solar Cells","volume":"85","author":"Gu","year":"2020","journal-title":"ChemPluschem"},{"key":"2026073023095228100_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202208383","article-title":"A Cathode Interface Layer Based on 4,5,9,10-Pyrene\nDiimide for Highly Efficient Binary Organic Solar Cells","volume":"61","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"2026073023095228100_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1255826","article-title":"Fulleropyrrolidine\ninterlayers: Tailoring electrodes to raise organic solar cell efficiency","volume":"346","author":"Page","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026073023095228100_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11485","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201503933","article-title":"Finely Tuned Polymer\nInterlayers Enhance Solar Cell Efficiency","volume":"54","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Angew.\nChem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"2026073023095228100_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2689","DOI":"10.1021\/acsenergylett.3c00584","article-title":"Batch-Reproducible and Thickness-Insensitive Mesopolymer Zwitterion\nInterlayers for Organic Solar Cells","volume":"8","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Energy\nLett."},{"key":"2026073023095228100_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14986","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b01147","article-title":"Perylene Diimide-Based Zwitterion\nas the Cathode Interlayer for High-Performance Nonfullerene Polymer\nSolar Cells","volume":"10","author":"Song","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"2026073023095228100_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202413986","article-title":"Solution-processing\ninduced H-aggregate of Perylene-Diimide Zwitterion Exhibiting Compact\nMolecular Stacking toward Efficient Cathode Modification in Organic\nSolar Cells","volume":"64","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"2026073023095228100_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2500450","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202500450","article-title":"Transparent and Conductive Polyimide-Ionene\nHybrid Interlayers for\nHigh Performance and Cost-Effective Semitransparent Organic Solar\nCells","volume":"37","author":"You","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"2026073023095228100_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmacrolett.1c00451","article-title":"Fluorinated Polymer\nZwitterions: Choline Phosphates and Phosphorylcholines","volume":"10","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Macro Lett."},{"key":"2026073023095228100_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aba0754","article-title":"De novo design of functional zwitterionic\nbiomimetic material for immunomodulation","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci.\nAdv."},{"key":"2026073023095228100_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1828","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5b13156","article-title":"Functional Choline Phosphate Polymers","volume":"138","author":"Hu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"2026073023095228100_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6489","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.macromol.7b00805","article-title":"Well-Defined Biomimicking Brush-Polymer Self-Assemblies Revealing\nCholesterol- and Phosphorylcholine-Enriched Surface","volume":"50","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"2026073023095228100_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2004","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5b12664","article-title":"n-Type Water\/Alcohol-Soluble\nNaphthalene Diimide-Based Conjugated Polymers for High-Performance\nPolymer Solar Cells","volume":"138","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"2026073023095228100_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8197","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.macromol.8b01490","article-title":"Regulation of the Polar\nGroups in n-Type Conjugated Polyelectrolytes as Electron Transfer\nLayer for Inverted Polymer Solar Cells","volume":"51","author":"Tan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"2026073023095228100_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8076","DOI":"10.1021\/am402157b","article-title":"Enhancing\nthe Performance of Polymer Photovoltaic Cells by Using an Alcohol\nSoluble Fullerene Derivative as the Interfacial Layer","volume":"5","author":"Mei","year":"2013","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"2026073023095228100_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4636","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201103006","article-title":"Simultaneous Enhancement\nof Open-Circuit Voltage, Short-Circuit Current Density, and Fill Factor\nin Polymer Solar Cells","volume":"23","author":"He","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"2026073023095228100_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1218829","article-title":"A Universal\nMethod to Produce Low\u2013Work Function Electrodes for Organic\nElectronics","volume":"336","author":"Zhou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026073023095228100_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joule.2019.01.004","article-title":"Single-Junction Organic\nSolar Cell with over 15% Efficiency\nUsing Fused-Ring Acceptor with Electron-Deficient Core","volume":"3","author":"Yuan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Joule"},{"key":"2026073023095228100_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1908205","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201908205","article-title":"Single-Junction Organic Photovoltaic Cells with Approaching 18% Efficiency","volume":"32","author":"Cui","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"2026073023095228100_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2303603","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202303603","article-title":"Doped\/Undoped A1-A2 Typed Copolymers as ETLs\nfor Highly\nEfficient Organic Solar Cells","volume":"33","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"2026073023095228100_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202516196","article-title":"Thickness-Tolerant A1\u2013A2 Polyelectrolyte\nCathode Interlayers via Direct Arylation Polycondensation for 20.5%\nEfficiency Organic Solar Cells","volume":"36","author":"Chen","year":"2026","journal-title":"Adv. Funct.\nMater."},{"key":"2026073023095228100_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3238","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202013053","article-title":"17.1%-Efficient\nEco-Compatible Organic\nSolar Cells from a Dissymmetric 3D Network Acceptor","volume":"60","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"2026073023095228100_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202509995","article-title":"Conjugated Polyelectrolyte with Long-Range Ordering\nand Compact Molecular Packing as Hole-Transporting Material for Efficient\nand Flexible Organic Solar Cells","volume":"37","author":"Tong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"2026073023095228100_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2322","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202010596","article-title":"Optimized Active Layer Morphologies\nvia Ternary Copolymerization of Polymer Donors for 17.6% Efficiency\nOrganic Solar Cells with Enhanced Fill Factor","volume":"60","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"2026073023095228100_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2300784","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202300784","article-title":"A Bithiazole-Substituted\nDonor for High-Efficiency Thick Ternary Organic Solar Cells via Regulation\nof Crystallinity and Miscibility","volume":"13","author":"Zou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Energy\nMater."},{"key":"2026073023095228100_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202523043","article-title":"Perylene-Diimide\nDimers with Cross Conformations as Cathode Interfacial Layers for\nHigh-Performance and Stable Thin-Film Solar Cells","volume":"65","author":"Yang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"2026073023095228100_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202413135","article-title":"Thienyltriazine Triamides: Thickness\nInsensitive Interlayer Materials Featuring Fine-Tuned Optoelectronic\nand Aggregation Characters for Efficient Organic Solar Cells","volume":"64","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"2026073023095228100_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2419205","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202419205","article-title":"Subtly\nModulating Bay Sites of Perylene Diimide Cathode\nInterface Layer for High-Performance and High-Stability Non-Fullerene\nOrganic Solar Cells","volume":"35","author":"Lan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"2026073023095228100_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2726","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16509-w","article-title":"Cathode engineering\nwith perylene-diimide interlayer enabling over 17% efficiency single-junction\norganic solar cells","volume":"11","author":"Yao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026073023095228100_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202302538","article-title":"Diazabicyclic Electroactive Ionenes\nfor Efficient and Stable Organic Solar Cells","volume":"62","author":"You","year":"2023","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"2026073023095228100_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202500096","article-title":"Exploiting Bis-Sulfonimide\nFeaturing Multiple d\u2013p\u03c0 Bonds to Construct Interlayers\nfor Organic Solar Cells","volume":"64","author":"Fan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int.\nEd"},{"key":"2026073023095228100_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202506252","article-title":"Enhancing\nthe Built-In Electric Field of Thickness-Insensitive Small Molecule\nCathode Interlayers for High-Efficiency and Stable Organic Solar Cells","volume":"64","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"2026073023095228100_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1021\/nn102295p","article-title":"Surface Plasmonic\nEffects of Metallic Nanoparticles on the Performance of Polymer Bulk\nHeterojunction Solar Cells","volume":"5","author":"Wu","year":"2011","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2026073023095228100_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4569","DOI":"10.1021\/nn401267s","article-title":"Intensity\nDependence of Current\u2013Voltage\nCharacteristics and Recombination in High-Efficiency Solution-Processed\nSmall-Molecule Solar Cells","volume":"7","author":"Kyaw","year":"2013","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2026073023095228100_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1002\/pssc.200983124","article-title":"Surface photovoltage\nspectroscopy - method and applications","volume":"7","author":"Cavalcoli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phys.\nStatus Solidi C"},{"key":"2026073023095228100_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2307559","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202307559","article-title":"In Situ Combined-Hole Transport Layer\nfor Highly Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells","volume":"34","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"2026073023095228100_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17053","DOI":"10.1038\/nenergy.2017.53","article-title":"Intrinsic non-radiative voltage losses in fullerene-based\norganic solar cells","volume":"2","author":"Benduhn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Energy"},{"key":"2026073023095228100_cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1039\/C7SE00601B","article-title":"How to determine optical gaps and\nvoltage losses in organic photovoltaic materials","volume":"2","author":"Vandewal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sustainable Energy Fuels"},{"key":"2026073023095228100_cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9215","DOI":"10.1039\/D4EE03623A","article-title":"From generation\nto collection \u2013 impact of deposition temperature on charge\ncarrier dynamics of high-performance vacuum-processed organic solar\ncells","volume":"17","author":"Pacalaj","year":"2024","journal-title":"Energy Environ. 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Mater."},{"key":"2026073023095228100_cit56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202408960","article-title":"Configurational\nIsomerization-Induced Orientation Switching:\nNon-Fused Ring Dipodal Phosphonic Acids as Hole-Extraction Layers\nfor Efficient Organic Solar Cells","volume":"63","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Angew. Chem.,\nInt. 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