{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T16:49:33Z","timestamp":1791391773944,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"39","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785974400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785974400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785974400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016732","name":"LG Yeonam Cultural Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016732","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021R1A2C1009191"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021R1A2C1009191"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021R1A2C2006219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021R1A2C2006219"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022R1A6C101C732"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022R1A6C101C732"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2024-00407859"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00407859"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22H04967"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22H04967"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23K20039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23K20039"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Science Foundation (NSF)","award":["CHE-2102622"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CHE-2102622"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Understanding the underlying mechanisms that induce molecular motion on solid surfaces is essential for elucidating elementary surface processes such as molecular diffusion and reactions. To date, several excitation pathways using electrons, heat, and light have been shown to induce the vibrational excitation of molecular adsorbates on surfaces. However, the contribution of substrate phonons to the behaviors of adsorbates has been underexplored despite its ubiquitous importance in various chemical processes. Here, we present evidence that surface phonons can actively induce molecular diffusion, as revealed by investigating the diffusion mechanism of CO on an ultrathin MgO film epitaxially grown on Ag(100). Using action spectroscopy with a scanning tunneling microscope and density functional theory calculations, we reveal a novel diffusion pathway mediated by surface phonons, along with the conventional vibrational excitation of the CO stretching mode. This newly observed diffusion pathway is identified as the Fuchs-Kliewer phonon mode of MgO, coupled with the CO-substrate stretching motion. These findings provide direct mechanistic insight into surface phonon-mediated molecular motion at the single-molecule level, offering a well-defined framework for understanding the vibration\u2013phonon coupling in surface molecular dynamics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.6c03768","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T15:01:58Z","timestamp":1786028518000},"page":"41807-41813","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Surface\nPhonon-Mediated Molecular Diffusion via Vibration\u2013Phonon\nCoupling at the Single-Molecule Level"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"148","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7217-5334","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Minhui","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Tokyo , , Bunkyo-ku , ,","place":["Tokyo, Japan, 113-8586"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Algan Tian","family":"Mahatma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Ulsan , , ,","place":["Ulsan, Republic of Korea, 44776"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fajar","family":"Prihatno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Ulsan , , ,","place":["Ulsan, Republic of Korea, 44776"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0834-9832","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Emiko","family":"Kazuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Tokyo , , Bunkyo-ku , ,","place":["Tokyo, Japan, 113-8586"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaku","family":"Mizusawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surface and Interface Science Laboratory, RIKEN , , ,","place":["Wako, Saitama, Japan, 351-0198"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Howon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Basic Science , , ,","place":["Gwangju, Republic of Korea, 61005"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1419-9252","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michael","family":"Trenary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois Chicago , , , ,","place":["Chicago, Illinois, United States, 60607"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6550-139X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jaehoon","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Ulsan , , ,","place":["Ulsan, Republic of Korea, 44776"]},{"name":"Institute for Basic Science , , ,","place":["Gwangju, Republic of Korea, 61005"]},{"name":"University of Ulsan , , ,","place":["Ulsan, Republic of Korea, 44610"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6750-118X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hyung-Joon","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , , ,","place":["Ulsan, Republic of Korea, 44919"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7730-0704","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yousoo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Tokyo , , Bunkyo-ku , ,","place":["Tokyo, Japan, 113-8586"]},{"name":"Surface and Interface Science Laboratory, RIKEN , , ,","place":["Wako, Saitama, Japan, 351-0198"]},{"name":"Institute for Basic Science , , ,","place":["Gwangju, Republic of Korea, 61005"]},{"name":"Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology , , ,","place":["Gwangju, Republic of Korea, 61005"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"2026100711105082600_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRev.108.1175","article-title":"Theory of Superconductivity","volume":"108","author":"Bardeen","year":"1957","journal-title":"Phys. Rev."},{"key":"2026100711105082600_cit2a","first-page":"1","article-title":"Theory\nof Superconducting Tc","volume-title":"Solid State Physics","author":"Allen","year":"1983"},{"issue":"50","key":"2026100711105082600_cit2b","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-648X\/aa995e","article-title":"Anharmonic, dimensionality and size effects in phonon\ntransport","volume":"29","author":"Thomas","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Phys.: Condens. Matter"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026100711105082600_cit3a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1538-7305.1955.tb01472.x","article-title":"Transport\nproperties of a many-valley semiconductor","volume":"34","author":"Herring","year":"1955","journal-title":"Bell\nSyst. Technol. J."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026100711105082600_cit3b","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrp.2021.100431","article-title":"Enhancement of ion diffusion by targeted phonon excitation","volume":"2","author":"Gordiz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep. Phys. Sci."},{"key":"2026100711105082600_cit4a","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780192670083.001.0001","volume-title":"Dynamical Theory of Crystal\nLattices.","author":"Born","year":"1996"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026100711105082600_cit4b","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevMaterials.4.043802","article-title":"Phonon-assisted\ndiffusion in bcc phase of titanium and zirconium from first principles","volume":"4","author":"Kadkhodaei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Mater."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026100711105082600_cit5a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.50.8016","article-title":"Time-resolved\nelectron-temperature measurement in a highly excited gold target using\nfemtosecond thermionic emission","volume":"50","author":"Wang","year":"1994","journal-title":"Phys. Rev.\nB"},{"issue":"21","key":"2026100711105082600_cit5b","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.108.214301","article-title":"Electron-phonon coupling in transition metals beyond\nWang\u2019s approximation","volume":"108","author":"Akhmetov","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"2026100711105082600_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003141273","volume-title":"The Physics\nof Phonons.","author":"Srivastava","year":"2022"},{"issue":"5336","key":"2026100711105082600_cit7a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1126\/science.278.5336.257","article-title":"Microscopic\nMolecular Diffusion Enhanced by Adsorbate Interactions","volume":"278","author":"Briner","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026100711105082600_cit7b","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2004","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.80.2004","article-title":"Dynamics of\nElectron-Induced Manipulation of Individual CO Molecules on Cu(111)","volume":"80","author":"Bartels","year":"1998","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. 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Sci."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026100711105082600_cit8a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7610","DOI":"10.1063\/1.458198","article-title":"Recoil effects in surface\ndissociation","volume":"92","author":"Hand","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026100711105082600_cit8b","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.87.127601","article-title":"Surface Temperature\nDependence of Rotational Excitation of H2 Scattered from\nPd(111)","volume":"87","author":"Busnengo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026100711105082600_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.65.1124","article-title":"Coupling\nof an adsorbate vibration\nto a substrate surface phonon: H on Si(111)","volume":"65","author":"Dumas","year":"1990","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026100711105082600_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2161191","article-title":"Theoretical study of vibration-phonon\ncoupling of H\nadsorbed on a Si(100) surface","volume":"124","author":"Andrianov","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"26","key":"2026100711105082600_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.77.5241","article-title":"Substrate-Adsorbate\nCoupling in CO-Adsorbed Copper","volume":"77","author":"Lewis","year":"1996","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"issue":"5430","key":"2026100711105082600_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1126\/science.285.5430.1042","article-title":"Phonon-versus electron-mediated\ndesorption and oxidation of CO on Ru(0001)","volume":"285","author":"Bonn","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"32","key":"2026100711105082600_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11071","DOI":"10.1039\/D1DT01832A","article-title":"Insights on the coupling\nbetween vibronically active molecular vibrations and lattice phonons\nin molecular nanomagnets","volume":"50","author":"Ullah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dalton Trans."},{"issue":"20","key":"2026100711105082600_cit14a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.71.205211","article-title":"Long-lived optical phonons in ZnO\nstudied with impulsive stimulated Raman scattering","volume":"71","author":"Aku-Leh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"issue":"18","key":"2026100711105082600_cit14b","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.95.184303","article-title":"Ab initio lattice thermal conductivity\nof MgO from a complete solution of the linearized Boltzmann transport\nequation","volume":"95","author":"Dekura","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"issue":"22","key":"2026100711105082600_cit15a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1940124","article-title":"Phonon lifetimes\nand phonon decay in InN","volume":"86","author":"Pomeroy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"issue":"39","key":"2026100711105082600_cit15b","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24228","DOI":"10.1039\/D2CP02618J","article-title":"Thermoelectric\nproperties of Ag-doped CuI: A temperature dependent optical phonon\nstudy","volume":"24","author":"Kumar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026100711105082600_cit15c","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3401","DOI":"10.1007\/s11664-023-10305-0","article-title":"Lattice Thermal Transport of BAs,\nCdSe, CdTe, and GaAs: A First Principles Study","volume":"52","author":"Akil","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Electron. Mater."},{"issue":"17","key":"2026100711105082600_cit16a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.51.11433","article-title":"Femtosecond\nspectroscopy of electron-electron and electron-phonon energy relaxation\nin Ag and Au","volume":"51","author":"Groeneveld","year":"1995","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026100711105082600_cit16b","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.63.104301","article-title":"Ultrafast processes in Ag and Au: A Monte Carlo study","volume":"63","author":"van Hall","year":"2001","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. 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Phys."},{"issue":"24","key":"2026100711105082600_cit18b","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.61.16948","article-title":"Electronic structure\nand chemical reactivity of oxide-metal interfaces: MgO(100)\/Ag(100)","volume":"61","author":"Altieri","year":"2000","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026100711105082600_cit18c","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.73.045414","article-title":"Tuning the\nsurface metal work function by deposition of ultrathin oxide films:\nDensity functional calculations","volume":"73","author":"Giordano","year":"2006","journal-title":"Phys. Rev.\nB"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026100711105082600_cit18d","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.98.096107","article-title":"Control of the charge state of metal atoms on thin\nMgO films","volume":"98","author":"Sterrer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026100711105082600_cit18e","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat2740","article-title":"State-selective\ndissociation of a single water molecule on an ultrathin MgO film","volume":"9","author":"Shin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"issue":"19","key":"2026100711105082600_cit18f","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8997","DOI":"10.1021\/jp100757y","article-title":"CO adsorption on\nthin MgO Films and single Au adatoms: A scanning tunneling microscopy\nstudy","volume":"114","author":"Yang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026100711105082600_cit18g","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.82.085413","article-title":"Controlling\nwater dissociation on an ultrathin MgO film by tuning film thickness","volume":"82","author":"Jung","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"issue":"20","key":"2026100711105082600_cit18h","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10114","DOI":"10.1021\/jp201254s","article-title":"Initial formation\nof positively charged gold on MgO(001) thin films: Identification\nby experiment and structural assignment by theory","volume":"115","author":"Brown","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"issue":"16","key":"2026100711105082600_cit18i","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6142","DOI":"10.1021\/ja200854g","article-title":"Activation\nof ultrathin oxide films for chemical reaction by interface defects","volume":"133","author":"Jung","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"25","key":"2026100711105082600_cit18j","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10554","DOI":"10.1021\/ja302949j","article-title":"Ligand Field\nEffect at Oxide-Metal Interface on the Chemical Reactivity of Ultrathin\nOxide Film Surface","volume":"134","author":"Jung","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"32","key":"2026100711105082600_cit18k","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19619","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.9b04906","article-title":"Manipulating the\nedge of a two-dimensional MgO nanoisland","volume":"123","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J.\nPhys. Chem. C"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026100711105082600_cit18l","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.9b08684","article-title":"2D Ni nanoclusters on ultrathin MgO\/Ag(100)","volume":"124","author":"Savio","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"issue":"42","key":"2026100711105082600_cit18m","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28982","DOI":"10.1039\/D3CP03320A","article-title":"CO adsorption on MgO thin-films:\nFormation and interaction of surface charged defects","volume":"25","author":"Alvim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026100711105082600_cit19a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRev.150.573","article-title":"Optical modes\nof vibration\nin an ionic crystal slab including retardation. II. Radiative region","volume":"150","author":"Kliewer","year":"1966","journal-title":"Phys. Rev."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026100711105082600_cit19b","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.15.1167","article-title":"Studies of\nvibrational surface modes in ionic crystals. I. Detailed shell-model\nstudies for the unrelaxed (001) face of seven crystals having the\nrocksalt structure","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"1977","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"issue":"19","key":"2026100711105082600_cit19c","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.72.195427","article-title":"MgO(001) surface phonons from ab initio calculations","volume":"72","author":"Shpakov","year":"2005","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026100711105082600_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.67.075420","article-title":"MgO\/Ag(100):\nConfined vibrational modes in the limit of ultrathin films","volume":"67","author":"Savio","year":"2003","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"issue":"5562","key":"2026100711105082600_cit21a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2055","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1069016","article-title":"Lateral Hopping of Molecules Induced\nby Excitation of Internal Vibration Mode","volume":"295","author":"Komeda","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026100711105082600_cit21b","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.116.056101","article-title":"Lateral hopping of\nCO on Ag(110) by multiple overtone excitation","volume":"116","author":"Oh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. 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